the refusal to obey certain laws as a form of political protest
economic freedom
the freedom to produce, trade, or use any goods or services in a way that is legal
eminent domain
the right of the government to take private property for public use; the Fifth Amendment requires that people be paid fairly (compensated) for their property if it is taken by the government
forced internment
the confinement of a group of people, especially during a war
freedom of assembly
the right to hold meetings and form groups without interference by the government; guaranteed in the First Amendment
property rights
the right to own property; mentioned in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments
13. Which individual protection is found in the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?
Privacy rights
14. Which action represents an individual exercising a constitutional right?
Summary judgment
Quartering soldiers
Civil disobedience
Double jeopardy
The passage below is from Executive Order 9066, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, February 19, 1942.
…by …the authority vested in me as President of the United States, …I hereby authorize …the Secretary of War….whenever he …deems such action necessary…, to prescribe military areas in such places and of such extent as he…may determine, from which any or all persons may be excluded, and with respect to which, the right of any person to enter, remain in, or leave shall be subject to whatever restrictions the Secretary of War …may impose in his discretion.
Source: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration
15. According to this passage, what impact does government have on the people?
Citizens are protected from forced internment.
Citizens may be subjected to forced internment.
Citizens may be required to perform military service.
Citizens are protected from required military service.
SS.7.C.3.7 - Analyze the impact of the 13th, 14th, 15th, 19th, 24th, and 26th amendments on participation of minority groups in the American political process.
Vocabulary
13th Amendment
an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that made slavery unconstitutional in the United States
14th Amendment
an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that defines citizenship, grants citizenship to former slaves and defines voters as males at least 21 year of age
15th Amendment
an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that makes it illegal for the federal or state governments to deny someone the right to vote based on their race
19th Amendment
an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that gave women the right to vote
24th Amendment
an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that made poll taxes illegal as a requirement for voting
26th Amendment
an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that lowered the minimum voting age to 18
amendment
a change to a constitution (e.g., U.S. Constitution, Florida Constitution)
civil rights
the basic rights of citizens to be free from unequal treatment based on certain characteristics (e.g., race, gender, disability)
Civil Rights Act of 1964
a federal law that prohibits employment discrimination based on race, sex, color, religion, or national origin
Civil Rights Act of 1968
a federal law that prohibits discrimination related to the sale, rental and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin or sex
discrimination
treating a person or group unfairly based on their race, religion, gender, disability, or other reasons
a power or issue for individual states to determine
suffrage
the right to vote
Voting Rights Act of 1965
a federal law that banned racial discrimination in voting practices by federal, state, and local governments
16. What was a common characteristic about groups denied voting rights before the 15th, 19th and 26th amendments were ratified?
State legislatures could decide whether women, African-Americans and young people could vote.
The president could decide whether women, African-Americans and young people could vote.
Members of these groups were employed.
Members of these groups had not graduated from college.
The chart below describes amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
Amendment
Description
15
Right to vote not denied by race
19
Right to vote not denied to women
24
Right to vote not denied to those who could not pay a poll tax
26
Right to vote not denied to those 18-20 years old
17. How did these amendments affect participation in the American political process?
More citizens could vote.
Fewer immigrants could vote.
More candidates could be nominated.
Fewer candidates could be confirmed.
18. How are 14th Amendment due process protections related to the Civil Rights Act of 1968?
Congress may not enact discriminatory housing statutes.
Congress may not enact discriminatory employment policies.
State legislatures may not enact discriminatory housing statutes.
State legislatures may not enact discriminatory employment policies.
Application Activity
SS.7.C.3.12 - Analyze the significance and outcomes of landmark Supreme Court cases including, but not limited to, Marbury v. Madison, Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Education, Gideon v. Wainwright, Miranda v. Arizona, in re Gault, Tinker v. Des Moines, Hazelwood v. Kuhlmier, United States v. Nixon, and Bush v. Gore.
Vocabulary
Arbiter
aa person with the power to decide a dispute
Equal Protection Clause
the section of the 14th Amendment that says the states must apply the law equally and cannot discriminate against citizen or groups of citizens
Executive privilege
the belief that the conversations between the presidents and his or her aides are confidential
Judicial opinion
a judgement by a court
Judicial review
the power of the U.S. courts to examine the laws or actions of the legislative and executive branches of the government and to determine whether such actions are consistent with the U.S. Constitution
Juvenile Rights
rights of people under age 18
Landmark
an important or unique decision, event, fact, or discovery
a judicial decision that is used as an example in dealing with later, similar cases
Prosecute
to carry on a legal action against an accused person to prove his or her guilt
Rights of the accused
the rights included in the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Amendments:
protection from unreasonable search and seizure
protection against double jeopardy
protection from self-incrimination
right to due process
right to a speedy
right to a public trial
right to a trial by jury
right to be informed of criminal charges
right to be confronted by adverse witnesses
right to an attorney, protection from self-incrimination
Segregation
the separation of people, such as segregation based on race
Self-
incrimination
the right in the Fifth Amendment that protects a person from being forced to reveal to the police, prosecutor, judge, or jury any information that might subject him or her to criminal prosecution
Separation of powers
he structure of the federal government, according to the U.S. Constitution, that sets up three branches with their own distinct powers and responsibilities
Supremacy Clause
the clause that states that the U.S. Constitution is the supreme law of the land, and that national laws are supreme over state laws, found in Article VI
Unanimous
in complete agreement
Supreme Court Cases
Brown v. Board of Education
U.S. Supreme Court case that determined that “separate but equal” segregation was not equal in public education
Bush v. Gore
U.S. Supreme Court case that determined that states cannot violate the Equal Protection Clause under the Fourteenth Amendment when undertaking election recounts.
District of Columbia v. Heller
U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld that the Second Amendment protects an individual’s right to possess a firearm
Gideon v. Wainwright
U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the Sixth Amendment right that all defendants must be appointed a lawyer if they cannot afford their own attorney
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
U.S. Supreme Court case that determined that the First Amendment does not protect all types of student speech in school
In re gault
U.S. Supreme Court case that determined that juvenile court must comply with the Fourteenth Amendment
Marbury v. Madison
U.S. Supreme Court case that established judicial review
Miranda v. Arizona
U.S. Supreme Court cases that upheld the Fifth Amendment protection from self-incrimination
Plessy v. Ferguson
U.S. Supreme Court case that determined that “separate but equal” segregation was not discrimination
Tinker v. Des Moines
U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld a student’s First Amendment right to engage in symbolic speech in school
United States v. Nixon
Supreme Court case that limited executive privilege
19. In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that the Florida Supreme Court's plan for recounting ballots violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment? Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988)
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
U.S. v. Nixon (1974)
Bush v. Gore (2000)
20. Following the 1966 Supreme Court decision in Miranda v. Arizona, police began informing people placed under arrest that they "have the right to remain silent." What basic freedom is this meant to protect, and how does it affect arrested individuals?
The right to freedom of speech; it provides them with the ability to speak to their attorneys without fear of incrimination.
The protection against self-incrimination; it informs them that speaking to law enforcement could incriminate them.
The protection of due process; it prevents convicted offenders from receiving cruel and unusual punishments.
The right to freedom of assembly; it prevents law enforcement from asking them questions without the presence of an attorney.
21. What lessons did future U.S. leaders learn from the 1974 U.S. Supreme Court case United States v. Nixon? The president is accountable for obeying the law.
The president is responsible for enforcing the law.
The president is not allowed to hold secret talks with foreign governments.
The president is not allowed to have private meetings with Cabinet members.
Application Activity
Government Policies and Political Processes
SS.7.C.2.8 - Identify America's current political parties, and illustrate their ideas about government.
Vocabulary
Democratic Party
Liberal; left; tax the rich and assist the poor; social programs; big government
Libertarian Party
Limited government
Republican Party
Conservative; right; family values; lower taxes; smaller government
Socialist/
Communist Party
Equal wealth for all
1. Which spending increase would the Democratic Party likely support?
Homeland security
Space exploration
Education
Military
The statement below is from a political party platform.
We, the workers and our allies, need to take power from the hands of the wealthy few, their corporations, and their political operatives.
2. Which political party’s position is represented in the statement?
Communist
Democratic
Republican
Socialist
The conversation below is part of a political discussion.
---------------------------
Lou: I am going to vote for the candidate who will support cutting government spending.
Bob: Yes, we spend too much on some programs.
---------------------------
3. Which party’s candidates are these voters most likely to support?
Democratic
Green
Republican
Socialist
Application Activity
SS.7.C.2.9 - Evaluate candidates for political office by analyzing their qualifications, experience, issue-based platforms, debates, and political ads.
Vocabulary
Evaluate Candidates based on:
Qualifications, Experience, Issue-based platforms, Debates, Political ads
Requirements to run for President
35 years old, live in US for 14 years, born in the US
4. Which is a constitutional requirement to run for Congress?
U.S. permanent resident
At least 25 years old
At least 30 years old
U.S. citizen
5. Why might this have been a difficult election for Richards to win?
Richards is a homeowner.
Richards is a party leader.
Richards has less political experience than his opponent.
Richards has less employment experience than his opponent.
The poster below is from a recent election.
Doug is pro-immigration!
Doug is pro-military!
Vote for Doug
6. Based on the poster, what conclusion can be drawn about the candidate?
Doug is running for judge.
