A different Canada Resource: Counterpoints: Exploring Canadian Issues, Chapter 1 Society and Manners

3. 
   Why were western countries suspicious of the Soviet Union?
   

3. 
   Why were the Soviets suspicious of the west?
   

3. 
   How did the Soviets try to protect themselves from invasion?
   

3. 
   How did the US try to combat the spread of communism within its own boundaries?
   

3. 
   List how some Canadian governments responded to fears of communist spying in Canada?
   

• 
  Union leaders were suspect.
  
• 
  The defense industry had the RCMP do secret checks on employees.
  
• 
  Workers were fired if suspected of communist sympathies.
  
• 
  QPP raided offices and homes in search of “revolutionary material”.
  
• 
  Quebec’s Padlock Law was used to shut down suspect organizations and newspapers.
  
• 
  The collapse of the Duplessis Bridge was blamed on communists.
  

3. 
   What was the purpose of NATO?
   

3. 
   How did the Soviets react when West Germany was admitted to NATO?
   

3. 
   What was the Soviet response to a revolution in Hungary?
   

3. 
   Why did the Soviets build a wall around West Berlin?
   

3. 
   What was Canada’s commitment to NATO?
   

3. 
   What did the United States build to protect itself from attack by Soviet manned bombers?
   

Three radar lines across Canada – Pine Tree, Mid-Canada and Dew Lines

3. 
   What technological change countered these defenses?
   

3. 
   What organization did the US and Canada form to manage the air defense of North America?
   

3. 
   What steps did the federal government take to protect Canadian citizens from the effects of a nuclear war?
   

3. 
   Why was the United Nations created?
   

3. 
   What powers did it have to oppose aggression?
   

• 
  Condemnation through speeches and resolutions.
  
• 
  Economic sanctions.
  
• 
  Military intervention.
  

3. 
   What is the Security Council of the United Nations?
   

3. 
   What special power do the five permanent members of the Security Council possess?
   

3. 
   Why did they have this power?
   

3. 
   What non-security goals does the UN have?
   

3. 
   Why was the International Monetary Fund created?
   

3. 
   How has Canada supported the UN?
   

3. 
   What was the Korean Conflict?
   

3. 
   What is the Suez Canal?
   

3. 
   Why did Israel, France and Great Britain attack Egypt in 1956?
   

3. 
   How did the Soviets respond?
   

3. 
   How did the USA respond to both sides?
   

3. 
   What was Lester Pearson’s solution to this dispute?
   

3. 
   What did Fidel Castro accomplish in 1959?
   

3. 
   Why did Castro ask the USSR for support?
   

3. 
   What form did the Soviet support take?
   

3. 
   How did the United States respond to this?
   

3. 
   What was Prime Minister Diefenbaker’s response to US President Kennedy’s expectation or unconditional support?
   

3. 
   How did most Canadians see Diefenbaker’s actions?
   

3. 
   Describe the two points of view of Canada’s conservative governments on the issue of nuclear weapons in Canada.
   

• 
  Minister of External Affairs: Canada should be non-nuclear.
  
• 
  Minister of Defense: nuclear weapons were vital to protecting Canada from communist aggression.
  

3. 
   What was the position of the Liberals and Lester Pearson on nuclear weapons in Canada in the 1963 election?
   

3. 
   What did the United States fear if South Vietnam was taken over by communists?
   

3. 
   How did the Vietnam War escalate in 1965 and 1966?
   

3. 
   What was the impact of television on how people viewed this war?
   

3. 
   How did the war end?
   

3. 
   Describe two competing views of the war held by Canadians?
   

• 
  Canadian companies supplied material to US forces and most Canadians saw communism as a threat.
  
• 
  Many did not see killing Vietnamese peasants as justified.
  

3. 
   How did US President Johnson react to Lester Pearson’s criticisms of US actions in Vietnam?
   

3. 
   How did Prime Minister Trudeau signify that Canada’s foreign policy would be less dependent of US approval than in the past?
   

3. 
   What actions did Trudeau take with respect to nuclear weapons?
   

3. 
   What actions did Trudeau take with respect to military expenses?
   

3. 
   What differences existed between the countries of the northern hemisphere and the southern?
   

3. 
   How did Trudeau hope to bridge the gap between North and South?
   

3. 
   What restrictions did CIDA put on countries receiving Canadian foreign aid?
   

3. 
   How much tied aid did Canada’s government give to poor countries by 1984?
   

3. 
   What was the Columbo Plan?
   

3. 
   What was SALT?
   

3. 
   What happened in Afghanistan and Eastern Europe in 1979?
   

3. 
   What was the response of the west to this in:
   

• 
  1979: US deployed more advanced missiles in Europe.
  
• 
  1980: a second round of SALT talks was cancelled.
  
• 
  1981: US increased its defense spending modernizing its nuclear arsenal.
  

3. 
   How did tensions continue to escalate during the mid-1980s?
   

3. 
   What was Trudeau’s walk in the snow?
   

3. 
   How did Prime Minister Mulroney’s policies toward the US differ from earlier Prime Ministers?
   

3. 
   What was the United States’ Strategic Defense Initiative?
   

3. 
   What was Canada’s official response to it?
   

3. 
   How was Mulroney’s policy on foreign investment different from that of the Trudeau era?
   

3. 
   What were benefits of free trade with the US according to those who supported Mulroney’s ideas on free trade with the US?
   

3. 
   What were the risks of free trade according to those who opposed it?
   

3. 
   What is NAFTA?
   

3. 
   Do you think free trade of NAFTA was good or bad for Canada? Explain.
   

3. 
   What changes did Mikhail Gorbachev introduce in Russia?
   

3. 
   Why did he do this?
   

3. 
   What is perestroika?
   

3. 
   What effect did his changes in Russia have in places like East Germany?
   

3. 
   Discuss the significance of Tiananmen Square.
   

3. 
   Why did Iraq invade Kuwait in 1990?
   

3. 
   What was the world response to this invasion?
   

3. 
   What did Canada do?
   

3. 
   What change did President George Bush Senior see for the United Nations after the Gulf War?
   

3. 
   Why did the UN intervene in Somalia?
   

3. 
   What crisis did Canadian peacekeepers in the region face?
   

3. 
   What affect did this crisis have on the Canadian Armed Forces?
   

3. 
   How did the UN fail the people of Rwanda?
   

3. 
   Why do you think the UN and the US chose not to act in Rwanda?
   

3. 
   What was Prime Minister Chrétien’s Team Canada?
   

3. 
   How will globalization improve the lot of people in less industrialized countries?
   

3. 
   Do you agree? Explain.
   

3. 
   Some people say globalization will have a negative impact on Canada. Explain how they think this is possible.
   

3. 
   Do you think Canada will be able to influence the human rights of citizens in other countries by restricting or encouraging trade with Canada? Explain.
   

1. 
   How many Canadian servicemen married while they were overseas during World War II?
   

2. 
   What adjustments did these war brides have to make when they arrived in Canada after WWII?
   

3. 
   What benefits did WWII veterans receive to help them adjust to life after the war?
   

4. 
   Who were the displaced persons?
   

5. 
   How many displaced persons came to Canada? 165,000
   
6. 
   What challenges did these newcomers face in Canada?
   

7. 
   How was the post WWII wave of immigration different from after WWI?
   

8. 
   What pressure led to the development of suburbs after WWII?
   

9. 
   Suggest reasons why it became popular to discourage women from working after WWII?
   

10. 
    Suggest reasons why Canada birth rate was so high after WWII.
    

11. 
    What was the immediate impact of the baby boom?
    

12. 
    Describe the impact of automobiles on society in the years after WWII.
    

13. 
    Describe the impact of television on Canadian society in the 1950s.
    

14. 
    How was the life of a Canadian teenager different in the 1950s compared to the 1930s?
    

15. 
    Describe how Sundays in the 1950s differed from today’s.
    

16. 
    Who were Maurice Richard, Barbara Ann Scott, and Marilyn Bell?
    

17. 
    What worries did the Massey Commission have about television?
    

18. 
    Explain why you think these worries were or were not justified.
    

19. 
    Why did Prime Minister King want the federal government to retain the power to manage the economy that the provinces had transferred to it during World War II?
    

20. 
    What was King’s approach when the provinces refused?
    

21. 
    How did the provinces and the federal government decide to continue the social programs which were developed during WWII?
    

22. 
    What industries developed on Canada’s frontier after WWII?
    

23. 
    What type of growth was experienced in Ontario?
    

24. 
    Describe each of these mega-projects:
    

• 
  Trans-Canada Highway: varied.
  
• 
  St. Lawrence Seaway: varied.
  
• 
  Trans-Canada Pipeline: varied.
  

25. 
    What were some of the advantages of US investment in Canada after WWII?
    

26. 
    What were some of the disadvantages of foreign ownership of Canadian resources and industries?
    

27. 
    What sorts of business enterprises did these Canadians create:
    

• 
  H. R. MacMillan: a forestry company.
  
• 
  K. C. Irving: gas stations, forestry company, newspapers.
  
• 
  E. P. Taylor: controlled the production of consumer goods and the stores that distributed them.
  
• 
  the Bronfman family: controlled the production of consumer goods and the stores that distributed them.
  

28. 
    What victories did labor unions make on behalf of their members in the years after WWII?
    
    • 
      wages: in 1945 the average wage was 69¢ per hour. It rose to 91¢ per hour in 1948.
      

• 
  work week: 5 day 40 hour work week.
  
• 
  benefits: paid vacations etc.
  

29. 
    Who did not share the prosperity?
    

30. 
    How were working women treated by society and employers?
    

31. 
    Give examples of how First Nations peoples were affected by Canada’s growth.
    

32. 
    What options did Newfoundlanders face in 1948 when they voted on their future?
    

33. 
    Who led the campaign for Newfoundland to join Canada? Joey Smallwood.
    
34. 
    Who became Prime Minister after King? Louis St. Laurent.
    
35. 
    Compare his media image to the reality of his nature.
    

36. 
    How did television help Diefenbaker defeat the St. Laurent government and become Prime Minister?
    

37. 
    How did Diefenbaker see himself?
    

38. 
    List three things Diefenbaker endorsed.
    

• 
  The equality of all Canadians – no hyphenated Canadians.
  
• 
  Preserving the British connection.
  
• 
  Human rights.
  

39. 
    Why did French Canadians not support Diefenbaker?
    

40. 
    How did Prime Minister Lester Pearson see Canada?
    

41. 
    List four aspects of Canada that Pearson influenced:
    

• 
  Total abolition of capital punishment.
  
• 
  Easier divorce laws.
  
• 
  A new Canadian flag.
  
• 
  Improved social welfare system.
  

42. 
    Who do you think was the better Prime Minister, Diefenbaker or Pearson? Explain.