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- Exploration inevitable
- Exploration good
- China can get to space
AT Advantage CPsSpace exploration ensures American leadership – demand pull Griffin 6 - NASA Administrator (4/6/2006 – Michael, “Remarks by NASA Administrator Michael Griffin at the National Space Symposium” http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=20189 , bs) The economic opportunities we will create through the Vision will help our nation in many other ways. Our investment in exploration will be an investment in the highest of high-tech sectors, and will help maintain America's position as the preeminent technical nation on Earth. Space exploration is a lens that brings a focus to the development of key technologies in a way that simply would not occur without the "demand pull" that arises when trying to accomplish the near- impossible. Exploration inevitableSpace exploration inevitable – we might as well be a part of it Griffin 6 - NASA Administrator ( 4/6/2006 – Michael, “Remarks by NASA Administrator Michael Griffin at the National Space Symposium” http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=20189 , bs) But the most enlightened, yet least discussed, aspect of national security involves being the kind of nation and, doing the kinds of things, that inspire others to want to cooperate as allies and partners rather than to be adversaries. And in my opinion, this is NASA's greatest contribution to our nation's future in the world. At NASA, we beat swords into plowshares to fulfill one of the oldest, strongest, and most persistent dreams of mankind: to know and experience what lies beyond the horizon. We have reached the point where there are no more horizons on Earth, and people everywhere know it. We see, repeatedly, that as nations and societies attain the technical capability to attempt spaceflight, first robotic and then human, they do so. And they will continue to do so. They don't go because we did, and they won't stop if we stop. They go because that is what people do, when they can. Exploration goodSpace exploration unites nations and lowers the risk of conflicts Griffin 6 - NASA Administrator ( 4/6/2006 – Michael, “Remarks by NASA Administrator Michael Griffin at the National Space Symposium” http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=20189 , bs) Today, and yet not for much longer, America's ability to lead a robust program of human and robotic exploration sets us above and apart from all others. It offers the perfect venue for leadership in an alliance of great nations, and provides the perfect opportunity to bind others to us as partners in the pursuit of common dreams. And if we are a nation joined with others in pursuit of such goals, all will be less likely to pursue conflict in other arenas. No enterprise of national scale offers a more visibly attractive and interesting collaboration than does space exploration. This great enterprise threatens no one while enriching everyone. It is about the lure of the frontier; leaders occupy and extend the frontiers of their times. Indeed, it is this property of great nations that by itself and in the light of history, defines the great nations of whatever period. Space exploration is key to heg Griffin 6 - NASA Administrator ( 4/6/2006 – Michael, “Remarks by NASA Administrator Michael Griffin at the National Space Symposium” http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=20189 , bs) This observation has a corollary. Imagine if you will a world of some future time � whether it be 2020 or 2040 or whenever � when some other nations or alliances are capable of reaching and exploring the moon, or voyaging to Mars, and the United States cannot and does not. Is it even conceivable that in such a world America would still be regarded as a leader among nations, never mind the leader? And if not, what might be the consequences of such a shift in thought upon the global balance of economic and strategic power? Are we willing to accept those consequences? In the end, these are the considerations at stake when we decide, as Americans, upon the goals we set for, and the resources we allocate to, our civil space program. Humans will go to Moon and Mars; the only questions are which humans, what values they will hold, what languages they will speak. American leadership is slipping – we will no longer be at the front of exploration the plan solves Armstrong et al 11 - Jim Lovell and Gene Cernan all commanded moon missions. Armstrong was the first man to reach the lunar surface, and Cernan was the last to leave it. ( 5/24/2011, Neil, “Column: Is Obama grounding JFK's space legacy?” http://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/forum/2011-05-24-Obama-grounding-JFK-space-legacy_n.htm,bs ) But today, America's leadership in space is slipping. NASA's human spaceflight program is in substantial disarray with no clear-cut mission in the offing. We will have no rockets to carry humans to low-Earth orbit and beyond for an indeterminate number of years. Congress has mandated the development of rocket launchers and spacecraft to explore the near-solar system beyond Earth orbit. But NASA has not yet announced a convincing strategy for their use. After a half-century of remarkable progress, a coherent plan for maintaining America's leadership in space exploration is no longer apparent. "We have a long way to go in this space race. But this is the new ocean, and I believe that the United States must sail on it and be in a position second to none." Kennedy launched America on that new ocean. For 50 years we explored the waters to become the leader in space exploration. Today, under the announced objectives, the voyage is over. John F. Kennedy would have been sorely disappointed. China can get to spaceChina has the equipment to get people to space Solomone 6 – Ph.D. in Futures Studies (May 2006, Stacey, “China’s Space Program: the great leap upward” Journal of Contemporary China, bs) China’s Long March (Chang Zheng) series rocket is currently the backbone of the space program. The East is Red (Dong Fang Hong) satellite series platform is also a fundamental element of the Chinese space program. The Chang Zheng and Dong Fang Hong have been developed over the decades and have played a crucial role in China’s space program up to this point. No matter which track the space program follows, one of militarization or of peace, the Chang Zheng and Dong Fang Hong will continue to play important roles in the evolving space program. China has also developed a means to transport people into space, namely the Shenzhou capsules. China’s manned space program reached its first milestone in October 2003 when China launched its first man, Yang Liwei, into space aboard the Shenzhou V capsule. He successfully orbited the earth 14 times in 21 hours before landing only three miles short of the intended landing site. China has already established three large-scale and permanent space launch facilities within its borders. The Xichang launch site located in Sichuan, the Jiuquan space facility in Gansu, and the Taiyuan satellite launch center in Shanxi make up the main facilities for China’s space program.8 China’s main tracking, telemetry, and control (TT&C) network sites are located at the Beijing Aerospace Directing and Controlling Center9 and the Xi’an Satellite Monitor and Control Center. In addition, China has several secondary TT&C mobile and/or ship-based (Yuanwang) sites. TT&C systems allow personnel to track satellites, assess conditions, and make any necessary corrections to satellites’ trajectories. The Chinese also have a plan for the hardware which they do not yet possess. Their basic plan is to ‘skip’ generations of technology thereby bringing on a quicker advancement into space. For example, China has not fully developed its ground-based telecommunications system, yet this older technology is being skipped over in lieu of satellite systems for telecommunications, television, and broadcasting which are rapidly being established for use across the country.10 Another means by which the Chinese have skipped certain technologies is through the absorption of foreign technologies. This has been done quite successfully by the Chinese both through bilateral and multilateral ventures and through more nefarious means. Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. 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