China do the plan cp ddi 2011 1 table of contents
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- COOPERATION FAILS China won’t coop – they’re too opaque Cheng 9
- COOPERATION DOESN’T HELP RELATIONS Space diplomacy won’t change anything Seedhouse 10
- COOP LINKS TO POLITICS Cooperation is politically contentious Spaceports 11
- Cooperation Leads to Backlash AP News 11
- LINK TO POLITICS EXTENSIONS Congress will freak out Whittington 11
- Republican Congressional leadership will not tolerate any cooperation with China Mervis 11
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Seedhouse 10 Book “The New Space Race: china vs the U.S.” By Erik Seedhouse Fraxis Publishing 2010 pg. 212 Dr. Erik Seedhouse is an aerospace scientist whose ambition has always been to work as an astronaut. After completing his first degree in Sports Science at Northumbria University the author joined the legendary 2nd Battalion the Parachute Regiment, the world’s most elite airborne regiment. During his time in the 'Para's' Erik spent six months in Belize, where he was trained in the art of jungle warfare and conducted several border patrols along the Belize-Guatemala border. Later, he spent several months learning the intricacies of desert warfare on the Akamas Range in Cyprus. He made more than thirty jumps from a Hercules C130 aircraft, performed more than two hundred abseils from a helicopter and fired more light anti-tank weapons than he cares to remember! Upon returning to the comparatively mundane world of academia, the author embarked upon a master's degree in Medical Science at Sheffield University. He supported his master's degree studies by winning prize money in 100km ultradistance running races. Shortly after placing third in the World 100km Championships in 1992 and setting the North American 100km record, the author turned to ultradistance triathlon, winning the World Endurance Triathlon Championships in 1995 and 1996. For good measure, he also won the inaugural World Double Ironman Championships in 1995 and the infamous Decatriathlon, the world's longest triathlon, an event requiring competitors to swim 38km, cycle 1800km, and run 422km. Non-stop! Returning to academia once again in 1996, Erik pursued his Ph.D. at the German Space Agency's Institute of Space Medicine. While conducting his Ph.D. studies he still found time to win Ultraman Hawaii and the European Ultraman Championships as well as completing the Race Across America bike race. Due to his success as the world's leading ultradistance triathlete Erik was featured in dozens of magazines and television interviews. In 1997, GQ Magazine nominated him as the 'Fittest Man in the World'. Erik currently works as manned spaceflight consultant, author and triathlon coach. He plans to travel into space with one of the private spaceflight companies via Astronauts for Hire. As well as being a triathlete, skydiver, pilot and author, Erik is an avid scuba diver and has logged more than two hundred dives in more than twenty countries. His favorite movie is the director's cut of Blade Runner, his favorite science fiction authors include A.E. Van Vogt, Allen Steele and Stanislav Lem and his favorite science fiction series is Red Dwarf. Prepare for Launch: The Astronaut Training Process is his fifth book. When not writing, he spends as much time as possible in Kona on the Big Island of Hawaii, Kauai, and at his real home in Sandefjord, Norway. Erik lives with his wife and three cats on the Niagara Escarpment in Canada. The prohibitive cost of collaboration There are space experts who argue that international cooperation is essential in maintaining a space exploration program and, by collaborating with China, the US will surely save time and money in pursuing the VSE's goals. In reality, the US is already locked into partnerships with more than a dozen nations as a part of the ISS program, including most of Europe. Washington has learned from bitter experience that major international projects almost always end up costing more, taking longer, and delivering less than a national program. While many observers have extolled the benefits of US Russian cooperation during the ISS program, in reality, the venture was a disaster. First, because Russian hardware was years late in delivery, NASA's costs spiraled out of control. Second, the situation was exacerbated by the billions of dollars wasted in redesigning integration hardware. Third, in exchange for just 5% of the financial contribution, Russia was granted 40% of the station's facilities, in addition to making billions of dollars in foreign sales of space hardware! Not surprisingly, from a financial perspective, the US Russian cooperation experience is one that the Americans will not want to repeat by collaborating with the Chinese. COOPERATION FAILS China won’t coop – they’re too opaque Cheng 9, Dean Cheng is Research Fellow in Chinese Political and Security Affairs in the Asian Studies Center at The Heritage Foundation. “U.S.-China Space Cooperation: More Costs Than Benefits” Dean Cheng October 30 2009, The Heritage Foundation, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2009/10/us-china-space-cooperation-more-costs-than-benefits Beyond the technical issues, however, there are more fundamental political concerns that must be addressed. The U.S. military depends on space as a strategic high ground. Space technology is also dual-use in nature: Almost any technology or information that is exchanged in a cooperative venture is likely to have military utility. Sharing such information with China, therefore, would undercut American tactical and technological military advantages. Moreover, Beijing is likely to extract a price in exchange for such cooperation. The Chinese leadership has placed a consistent emphasis on developing its space capabilities indigenously. Not only does this ensure that China's space capabilities are not held hostage to foreign pressure, but it also fosters domestic economic development -- thereby promoting innovation within China's scientific and technological communities -- and underscores the political legitimacy of the Chinese Communist Party. Consequently, the PRC will require that any cooperation with the U.S. provides it with substantial benefits that would balance opportunity costs in these areas. What's the Point? So what would be the purpose of cooperation from the Chinese perspective? To sustain the ISS? China is hardly likely to be interested in joining the ISS just in time to turn out the lights. There is also the question of whether the other partners in the international station, such as Russia and Japan, are necessarily interested in including China, especially now that the most expensive work has already been completed. There is also the issue of transparency. While it seems logical that the principal partners for cooperation would be the Chinese and American civil space agencies, the reality is that the China National Space Agency is, in fact, nested within the Chinese military-industrial complex rather than being a stand-alone agency. Indeed, China's space program is overwhelmingly military in nature. And nowhere more so than in the manned space program, the "commanders" or "directors" of which include the head of the General Armaments Department, one of the four general departments responsible for day-to-day management of the entire People's Liberation Army (PLA). The challenges presented by the Chinese space program's strong ties to the PLA are exacerbated by the generally opaque nature of China's space program on issues ranging from who the top decision-makers are to the size of their budget. Any effort at cooperation is likely to be stymied so long as the PRC views transparency as a one-way affair. COOPERATION DOESN’T HELP RELATIONS Space diplomacy won’t change anything Seedhouse 10 Book “The New Space Race: china vs the U.S.” By Erik Seedhouse Fraxis Publishing 2010 pg. 212 Dr. Erik Seedhouse is an aerospace scientist whose ambition has always been to work as an astronaut. After completing his first degree in Sports Science at Northumbria University the author joined the legendary 2nd Battalion the Parachute Regiment, the world’s most elite airborne regiment. During his time in the 'Para's' Erik spent six months in Belize, where he was trained in the art of jungle warfare and conducted several border patrols along the Belize-Guatemala border. Later, he spent several months learning the intricacies of desert warfare on the Akamas Range in Cyprus. He made more than thirty jumps from a Hercules C130 aircraft, performed more than two hundred abseils from a helicopter and fired more light anti-tank weapons than he cares to remember! Upon returning to the comparatively mundane world of academia, the author embarked upon a master's degree in Medical Science at Sheffield University. He supported his master's degree studies by winning prize money in 100km ultradistance running races. Shortly after placing third in the World 100km Championships in 1992 and setting the North American 100km record, the author turned to ultradistance triathlon, winning the World Endurance Triathlon Championships in 1995 and 1996. For good measure, he also won the inaugural World Double Ironman Championships in 1995 and the infamous Decatriathlon, the world's longest triathlon, an event requiring competitors to swim 38km, cycle 1800km, and run 422km. Non-stop! Returning to academia once again in 1996, Erik pursued his Ph.D. at the German Space Agency's Institute of Space Medicine. While conducting his Ph.D. studies he still found time to win Ultraman Hawaii and the European Ultraman Championships as well as completing the Race Across America bike race. Due to his success as the world's leading ultradistance triathlete Erik was featured in dozens of magazines and television interviews. In 1997, GQ Magazine nominated him as the 'Fittest Man in the World'. Erik currently works as manned spaceflight consultant, author and triathlon coach. He plans to travel into space with one of the private spaceflight companies via Astronauts for Hire. As well as being a triathlete, skydiver, pilot and author, Erik is an avid scuba diver and has logged more than two hundred dives in more than twenty countries. His favorite movie is the director's cut of Blade Runner, his favorite science fiction authors include A.E. Van Vogt, Allen Steele and Stanislav Lem and his favorite science fiction series is Red Dwarf. Prepare for Launch: The Astronaut Training Process is his fifth book. When not writing, he spends as much time as possible in Kona on the Big Island of Hawaii, Kauai, and at his real home in Sandefjord, Norway. Erik lives with his wife and three cats on the Niagara Escarpment in Canada. Diplomacy in orbit has no effect on Earth One suggestion made by analysts such as Taylor Dinkerman, a spaceflight observer writing for the space policy site Space Review, has been for the Americans to engage the Chinese in a space project to generate at least a minimal level of political trust. By pursuing this course of action, analysts hope that by cooperating in space, the political relationship between Washington and Beijing can be changed for the better. Unfortunately, despite what people may think about the supposed benefits that occurred as a result of the US Russia partnership, "handshakes in space" do not compel world leaders to make peace, no matter how many speeches astronauts and cosmonauts make, extolling the virtues of cooperation. The reason cooperation in space will never help to overthrow old tensions between Washington and Beijing, no matter how many astronauts and taikonauts hug each other in LEO, is that diplomatic progress always comes first. COOP LINKS TO POLITICS Cooperation is politically contentious Spaceports 11“China-US Space Pact Not Expected in 2011” January 2, 2011 http://spaceports.blogspot.com/2011/01/china-us-space-pact-not-expected.html The prospects for cooperation between the United States and China in space are fading even as proponents say working together in the heavens could help build bridges in often-testy relations on Earth, writes Jim Wolf for Reuters. Chinese President Hu Jintao will visit with American President Barack Obama in Washington January 19, 2011. Continued dialogue on space cooperation appears to have too much political resistance within the Congress to be a serious agenda item. Congressman Frank Wolf, (R-Va.), the incoming House appropriations subcommittee chair over NASA funding, has been a strong China critic and human rights firebrand for a number of years. Yet at the same time, Wolf is now in the best position to make a significant difference to shape US-Chinese space policy, if any. An expansion of the international space rescue agreement to include on-orbit human spaceflight will become more apparent in the years ahead. With a number of American commercial space firms planning to launch people to space in this decade, there are only three nations with the capacity to make human rescues in space: Russia, China and the United States. International space rescue protocols are essential in the years ahead. Congress opposes cooperation Brown 10, Asia Times Online, Peter J Brown“Asia takes stock of new US space policy” Jul 16, 2010 http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/LG16Df02.html Political infighting aside, it is not just US conservatives who do not want the US to embrace China in space. "Many members of the Obama administration and a large majority of the members of Congress are opposed to cooperation with China in space. They want to deny China status as a member in good standing of the international community of space-faring nations," said Gregory Kulacki, senior analyst and China Project Manager for the Global Security Program at the Massachusetts-based Union of Concerned Scientists. "Many believe they have not earned that right. At the same time, however, they have not specified what China must do to earn it. Some tie cooperation in space to human rights. Others connect cooperation in space it to other troublesome issues in the bilateral relationship." Despite this enormous wall that has been in place for years, some experts still view China as deriving great benefit from the new space policy. "China will likely be the country to most clearly benefit," said Joan Johnson-Freese, chair of the National Security Decision Making Department at the US Naval War College. "That said, China likely still faces the most challenges. Cooperation between the US and China will be a learning process, and likely not an easy one for either party. And, because space technology is largely dual-use there will inherently be questions about intent and demands for transparency that are uncomfortable for both sides." China's objectives are political, not technical in this instance. As the Chinese strive to become respected members of the international community of space-faring nations, some Chinese aerospace professionals see cooperation with the US as an obstacle, according to Kulacki. A cooperative project with the US in human space flight, for example, would take time, personnel and resources away from their existing program. "To date there have been no concrete proposals for cooperative projects from either side, despite the express wishes of both presidents. US Secretary of State Clinton and Chinese Foreign Minister Yang [Jiechi] seem to have dropped the ball," said Kulacki. "The Chinese aerospace community has their own long-standing plan for a national space station and they are well on their way to completing it. They do not need access to US technology to do it." Recent news accounts about supposed overtures being made to the Chinese by several nations which participate in the International Space Station (ISS) program were quickly dismissed by officials at NASA. [3] "ISS participation has been the brass ring for China for many years, to show them as a member of the 'international family of spacefaring nations' and add another layer of patina to the legitimacy and credibility of their civilian space program," said Johnson-Freese. There is always concern about China obtaining design and systems engineering ideas that would benefit its space station program. This should come as no surprise given that China once built a launch site at the same latitude as NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. However, ideology and not the threat of industrial espionage in space is the key driver here. "The most concern I have heard voiced has been by those who do not want to work with a communist government," said Johnson-Freese. This explains why no meaningful export reforms with respect to high technology items in general and so-called dual-use space hardware exports to China in particular have materialized despite promises made during Obama's presidential campaign. "The strong anti-China lobby in Congress, which includes [Speaker of the US House of Representatives] Nancy Pelosi as well as conservative Republicans and Democrats will continue to oppose, for example, satellite launches by China," said Ghoshroy. Cooperation Leads to Backlash AP News 11, “US lawmaker wields budget ax over China space ties” July 15, 2011 TeaCon 2011 http://www.560wind.com/article.aspx?id=edabb0c8-bb21-4a0e-8334-21bb4b21f652&catid=0 A Republican lawmaker is looking to make the Obama administration pay a price for what he sees as its defiance of Congress in pursuing cooperation with China in science and space technology. A proposal by Rep. Frank Wolf, a fierce critic of Beijing, would slash by 55 percent the $6.6 million budget of the White House's science policy office. The measure was endorsed by a congressional committee this week, but faces more legislative hurdles, and its prospects are unclear. President Barack Obama has sought to deepen ties with China, which underwrites a major chunk of the vast U.S. national debt and is emerging a challenge to American military dominance in the Asia-Pacific region. Among the seemingly benign forms of cooperation he has supported is in science and technology. Last year NASA's administrator visited China, and during a high-profile state visit to Washington by China's President Hu Jintao in January, the U.S. and China resolved to "deepen dialogue and exchanges in the field of space." Wolf, R-Va., argues that cooperation in space would give technological assistance to a country that steals U.S. industrial secrets and launches cyberattacks against the United States. He says Obama's chief science adviser, John Holdren, violated a clause tucked into budget legislation passed this year that bars the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and NASA from technological cooperation with China. He says Holdren did so by meeting twice with China's science minister in Washington during May. "I believe the Office of Science and Technology Policy is in violation of the law," Wolf told The Associated Press, adding that cutting its budget is the only response available to him. Wolf chairs a House subcommittee that oversees the office's budget. The punishment he proposes reflects his deep antipathy toward China, which he accuses of persecuting religious minorities, plundering Tibet and supporting genocide in the Darfur region of Sudan by backing Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir. He described the Obama administration's policy toward the Asian power as a failure and railed against the president for hosting Hu at the White House. Caught at the sharp end is Holdren's office, whose mandate is to develop sound science and technology policies by the U.S. government and pursue them with the public and private sectors and other nations. Holdren told a Congressional hearing chaired by Wolf days before his May meetings with Chinese Science Minister Wan Gang that he would abide by the prohibition on such cooperation with China, but then spelled out a rather large loophole: that it did not apply in instances where it affected the president's ability to conduct foreign policy. At another Congressional hearing shortly afterward, Wolf's annoyance was clear. He threatened to "zero out" Holdren's office. LINK TO POLITICS EXTENSIONS Congress will freak out Whittington 11, He has written numerous articles, some for the Washington Post, USA Today, the LA Times, and the Houston Chronicle. Mark, May 8, 2011“White House and Congress Clash Over NASA Funding, Space Cooperation with China” Yahoo News http://old.news.yahoo.com/s/ac/20110508/pl_ac/8438927_white_house_and_congress_clash_over_nasa_funding_space_cooperation_with_china Another indication that President Barack Obama's 2012 NASA funding request was in trouble occurred when at a hearing of the House Appropriations commerce, justice, science subcommittee on May 3. White House science czar John Holdren came under some sharp questioning by Rep. Frank Wolf chairman of the subcommittee. The questioning revolved around the belief by Wolf that the administration is short changing the development of a heavy lift launcher and the Orion spacecraft that congress views as vital for the long term human exploration of space. The priorities of the administration include subsidies to commercial space firms, Earth science, and technology development. Wolf also questioned why NASA has not gotten a request for an increase of funding, even though some other science oriented agencies have gotten such requests. According to the account of the hearings on Space News, Wolf did not find Holdren's answers to be satisfactory. That suggests that there will be a renewed clash between the congress and the White House on space policy. The clash is not limited to funding and of space policy priorities. Space News also reports that the following day, on May 4, Holdren told members of the subcommittee that cooperation with China is seen as critical for prospects for long term space exploration, such as to Mars. This, mildly speaking, was not welcome news to members of the subcommittee. [ For complete coverage of politics and policy, go to Yahoo! Politics ] The problem is that China is currently ruled by a tyrannical regime that violates the human rights of its own people and is engaged in an imperial drive toward super power status at the expense of the United States. Congress has, in fact, passed a law prohibiting most forms of space and science cooperation with the People's Republic of China. The distrust Congress holds toward the administration where it comes to space policy is palatable. Members of Congress have expressed the view that NASA is slow walking the heavy lift launcher. Many are also pretty sure that the White House is trying to circumnavigate the law and is trying to find ways to cooperate with China despite the law. All of this points to the very real possibility that congress will use the power of the purse to restrict White House space policy options and to impose its own will on the future direction of NASA and space exploration. That this clash is happening at all is a direct result of a series of political blunders made by the administration dating back to the cancellation of the Constellation space exploration program and a lack of leadership on the part of the president. Republican Congressional leadership will not tolerate any cooperation with China Mervis 11, Jeff reports on and coordinates coverage of science policy in the United States and around the world. A former newspaper editor, he's been a science writer since 1981. Jeff managed the news section of Nature before joining Science in 1993. Jeffrey Mervis May 2011 Science AAAS “Holdren's Response to Ban on China Science Partnerships Draws GOP Ire” http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2011/05/holdrens-response-to-ban-on-china.html The Obama Administration has carved out a loophole in the recent congressional ban on scientific interactions with China that would permit most activities between the two countries to continue. But that interpretation doesn't sit well with Republicans in the House of Representatives who drafted the language, one of whom said today that ignoring the ban could imperil funding for NASA or other science agencies. The ban is part of the 2011 budget approved last month to avert a government shutdown. It was crafted by Representative Frank Wolf (R-VA), a fierce critic of China who chairs a House spending committee that oversees several science agencies. The ban says that no funds can be used by NASA or the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) "to develop, design, plan, promulgate, implement or execute a bilateral policy, program, order, or contract of any kind to participate, collaborate, or coordinate bilaterally in any way with China or any Chinese-owned company." It also prevents any NASA facility from hosting "official Chinese visitors." Directory: file -> view view -> Western Europe after wwii view -> Author study: paul fleischman view -> Qpa1 7ela study Guide view -> Arctic Oil/Gas Neg view -> November 1970 Approximately 150,000-500,000 deaths Bhola Cyclone Bangladesh view -> Grade Level: 6 Unit of Study: Caribbean glce view -> Citation: Duffield, Katy view -> Table of Contents Lesson # view -> Chinese Wind Energy Disad Download 0.57 Mb. Share with your friends:
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