Colonial Rule #3 I. Growth 17
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Secession & Civil War #15 I. Confederacy, 2/4/1861 Montgomery Jefferson Davis Alexander Stephens Confederate States Judiah P. Benjamin, Toombs, Walker, Memminger Joseph E. Johnston C.S.A. Constitution II. Abraham Lincoln, 3/4/1861 Hannibal Hamlin “Preservation of Union” Lincoln… Winfield Scott Irvin McDowell Henry W. Walleck Fort Pickens & Fort Sumter III. Fort Sumter Robert Anderson P.G.T. Beauregard Anderson Lincoln Only 16,000 Troops IV. “War Between The States” Virginia Richmond “Border States” Maryland’s Secession… Difficult Choices… Robert E. Lee Mary Todd Lincoln John J. Crittenden J.E.B. Stuart Franklin Buchanan V. Union Military Strategy “Anaconda Plan” Take Control… Union Army Southern Pro-Union… Lincoln VI. Union Advantages Northern Industries 22 Million Union Navy Natural Resources Agricultural Crops VII. Confederate Military Strategy Lengthy War “King Cotton” Confederate Army VIII. Confederate Advantages More Officers Confederate Troops Confederacy Knowledge of Local “King Cotton” IX. Battle of Bull Run (7/21/1861) Pierre G.T. Beauregard & J.E. Johnston Confederate Army Northern Aristocrats Lincoln… Congress… X. Trent Affair (Nov. 1861) Trent James M. Mason & John Slidell William H. Seward Confederacy XI. Ironclads Monitor Merrimac XII. 2nd Battle of Bull Run, 8/30/1862 Robert E. Lee XIII. Antietam, 9/17/1862 George B. McClellan Bloodiest Battle Emancipation Proclamation Frederick Douglass John Bright & Richard Cobden The 54th Regiment XIV. Rotating Generals… Seven…
“Clement L. Vallandigham Jefferson Davis Robert E. Lee Union Losses Fredericksburg, 12/13/1862 Chancellorsville, 5/5-6/1863 Henry W. Halleck & Don Carlos Buell General U.S. Grant & William T. Sherman XV. Union Victories
Fort Henry (Feb. 6) & Fort Donelson (Feb. 16) Shiloh (April 6-7) Albert S. Johnson Grant & Sherman Vicksburg, 7/4/1862 David Farragut “Unconditional Surrender” Grant XVI. Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863) Robert E. Lee General George Meade General George Pickett General “Jeb” Stuart Gettysburg Address, 11/19/1863 XVII. Chickamagua, 9/19-20/1863 Lincoln… XVIII. Chattanooga, 11/23-25/1863 Braxton Bragg Railroads ControlledXIV. William T. Sherman (May 1864) “March to the Sea” Atlanta Election of 1864 Savannah John B. Hood XV. The South Surrenders Lee Grant Richmond Appomattox Court House (April 9, 1865) XVI. Lincoln Assassinated John W. Booth, 4/14/1865 Lincoln Booth, Atzerodt, Herold, Paine XVII. Final CostsReconstruction #16 I. After Effects 614,000 258,000 Confederate Thousands… Former Confederate South Plantations Major Cities “Sherman’s March” “Scorched Earth” Confederate Currency “Cash Crops” Labor Force? South’s “Ante-bellum” “Planters” Refuges… Jefferson Davis Freedmen’s Bureau, 3/3/1865 Oliver Otis Howard “Freedmen” Provided… 250,000 students, 1870 600,000 students, 1877 Howard, Atlanta, Fisk Univ, Hampton Inst. “40 Acres & a Mule” II. Two Major Theories of Reconstruction President Lincoln CSA never left… Proclamation of Amnesty, 12/8/1863 Full Pardon 10% of Voters Some… Louisiana, Arkansas, Tennessee US Congress… Radical Republicans Former Confederate officers White Union Loyalists Full Citizenship Wade – Davis Reconstruction Bill Majority Benjamin F. Wade, Henry Davis, Charles Sumner, Thaddeus Stevens Lincoln’s Response… Andrew Johnson John W. Booth Radical Republicans 13th Amendment, 12/18/1865 Radicals Humanitarian Johnson vetoes… 2/19/1866 Civil Rights Bill, 4/9/1866 Charles Sumner “State Suicide” Thaddeus Stevens “Conquered Province” 14th Amendment, 5/16/1866 Freedmen’s Privileges “Due process of law” Johnson… 1866 elections 2/3 Majority Congressional Reconstruction Acts, 3/11/1867 Military Reconstruction Act 10 Southern States 20,000 Federal Troops Statehood Command of the Army Act, 3/2/1867 Tenure of Office Act, 3/2/1867 Supreme Court’s Power… Andrew Johnson, 8/5/1867 Impeachment Lorenzo Thomas U.S. Senate Radical Republicans House of Representatives Ben Butler & Thaddeus Stevens Henry Stanberry Johnson’s Trial Salmon P. Chase Nine of 11 Articles House warning… Trail begins… 2/3rds Majority (of 35) Edmund G. Ross, 23-12 “Lame Duck” III. Ulysses S. Grant Horatio Seymour 214 – 80 Materialism & Greed Political Corruption William “Boss” Tweed “Black Friday” Credit Scandal “Whiskey Ring” U.S. Grant Panic of 1873 Radical Republicans, 1868 – 77 Freedmen Two Black US Senators Hiram Revels & Blanche K. Bruce Never equal… P.B.S. Pinchmack “Carpetbaggers” “Scalawags White Southerners Ku Klux Klan, 12/24/1865 Thomas M. Jones & James R. Crowe First “Black Codes” 15th Amendment, 1870 Three Enforcement Acts, 1870-71 Amnesty Act, 5/22/1872 Civil Rights Act, 3/1/1875 IV. 1876 Presidential Election U.S. Grant “Mulligan Letters” Rutherford B. Hayes Samuel J. Tilden “19 Disputed Votes” 11/7/1876 Special Electoral Commission, 1/29/1877 Commission votes… Compromise of 1877 Voting in the South “Solid South” “Grandfather Clause” “Poll Tax” “Literacy Test” Plessy v. Ferguson, 5/18/1896 Booker T. Washington, 1856-1915 W.E.B. DuBois, 1868-1963 New Slavery Tenant Farmers Sharecroppers “Debt Peonage” “Waving the Bloody Shirt” “New South” “Buffalo Soldiers” Lynching… The American West #17 I. “Cattle Kingdom” (1866-90) “Longhorns” U.S. Eastern Markets… Cattle Ranch “Vaquero” American Cowboys… Teenage Boys “Nickel / Dime Novels” African Americans English gentlemen “Rough Riders” 1898 II. “Long Drive” First, 1866 “Round – Up” Rodeo… 1,000 Miles Ten weeks – 3 months San Antonio Abilene, Kansas Kansas Pacific R.R. “Queen of the Cowboys” Lonely cowboys… $4.00 bought Slaughterhouses Jesse Chisholm & Charles Goodknight Goodkinght-Loving Trail Western Trail Chisholm Trail Sedalia-Baxter Springs Trail “Long Drive’s” Crew “Trail Boss” Monthly salary Each Crew… “Cowhand” $25 - $40 a month “Point” “Drag” Cook “Colt 45” “Goodnight’s Code of Conduct” No Gambling… Banishment “Open Range” Quick Money Joseph McCoy, 1866 Tim Hersey Flyers & Pamphlets Final Preparations First “Long Drive”, 1866 Over 300,000 steers, 1870 Over 700,000, 1871 About 2 million 6 Million “Real McCoy” Dodge City, Kansas Last “Long Drive”, 1887 “Barbed Wire”, 1874 “Range Wars” Frederick Jackson Turner, 1890 III. “Sodbusters” “Soddies” Homestead Act, 1862 Morrill Land Grant Act, 7/2/1862 Homestead Act, 1870 Timber Culture Act, 3/4/1873 Desert Land Act, 3/3/1877 Timber & Stone Act, 6/3/1878 Oklahoma Land Rush, 4/22/1889 IV. Mining Strikes Henry P. Comstock, June 1859 Pike’s Peak, Fall 1858 V. Native Americans Plains Indians / Sioux Tribes & “Bands” Each “Band” About 30 Million, 1800 Bison / Buffalo Buffalo Bones Good Hunters… Professional Hunters… “Buffalo Bill” Cody Government Encouraged… Western Tribes VI. Indian Reaction, 1850 – 90 Federal Concentration, 1851 Little Crow John M. Chivington, 11/29/1864 Red Cloud Indian Peace Commission, 1867 Bureau of Indian Affairs Treaty of Fort Laramie, April 1876 George A. Custer, 11/1868 Board of Indian Commissioners, 4/10/1869 Indian Appropriation Act, 3/3/1871 Crazy Horse & Sitting Bull, 1875 Little Bighorn, 6/25/1876 George A. Custer 265 men Alfred H. Terry Crazy Horse Nelson A. Miles At Fort Buford, 1881 Chief Joseph, Spring 1877 Bear Paw Mountain, Idaho Cochise & Mangas Coloradas Geronimo, 1829-1909 Nelson A. Miles, 9/4/1886 Dawes Severalty Act, 2/8/1887 US Citizenship “Ghost Dance” 1890 Wounded Knee, 12/29/1890 US 7th Cavalry Indian Reorganization Act, 1934 Helen Hunt Jackson, 1881 VII. Lawmen Wyatt Earp, 1848-1929 “Doc” Holiday O.K. Corral, 11/1881 “Bat” Masterson, 1856-1921 “Bat” 1903 “Wild Bill” Hickok, 1837-76 “Wild Bill” 1872-73 Jack McCall, 8/2/1876 VIII. Outlaws William Bonney, 1859-81 Pat Garret, 1881 Jesse James, 1847-82 “Butch Cassidy” & Sundance Kid “Wild Bunch” IX. William Cody “Wild West Show” 1. Annie Oakley, 1860-1926 Captains of Industry #18 I. American Industrial Revolution “Laissez Faire” Capitalism Alexander Hamilton Protective Tariff Agriculture II. Inventions Henry Bessemer, 1859 Edwin L. Drake, 8/27/1859 Alexander G. Bell, 3/7/1876 Thomas A. Edison, 10/19-21/1879 Henry Ford, 1903 Frederick W. Taylor, 1920s III. Philosophies Charles Darwin, 1859 Adam Smith, 1776 Andrew Carnegie, 1901 Horatio Alger, 1880s IV. “Old Immigrants”, 1860-80 Germans, British, Irish, Scandinavians Ellis Island, 1/1/1892 Labor Contractors “Debt Peonage” “Company Housing” Colorado Miners “Company Stores” “Script Money” Division of Labor Dangerous / Unhealthy Conditions No compensation Factory Workers Hours worked… Pay… “Sweatshops” 1882 Children Pennsylvania & Massachusetts “Survival Wages” Over – Crowded Tenements “34-room” 4 – 16 families Average… Women’s role “Know – Nothing” Party Nativism Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882 Immigration Law, 1882 “Political machines” Tammany hall “Boss” Tweed & George Washington Plunkitt “New Immigrants”, 1880-1900 Italians, Russians & Other Baltic countries V. Railroads US Congress, 1860s $16,000 $32,000 $48,000 20 Acres Only 30,636 Miles, 1860 35,000 miles, 1865 George M. Pullman, 1865 George Westinghouse, 1868 William David, 1868 George M. Pullman, 1868 Promontory Point, Utah, 5/10/1869 Central Pacific Union Pacific Powerful Steam engines 93,000 miles, 1880 166,000 miles, 1890 193,000 miles, 1900 254,037 miles, 1916 VI. “Robber Barons” Corporations Limited Liability Managerial Techniques Monopoly Trust Pool Holding Company Interlocking Directorate VII. “Captains of Industry” Cornelius Vanderbilt, 1794-1877 Andrew Carnegie, 1835-1919 The Gospel of Wealth John D. Rockefeller, 1839-1937 J. P. Morgan, 1837-1913 Leland Stanford James J. Hill, 1838-1916 William R. Hearst, 1863-1951 Gustavus Swift & Philip Armour 1875 James B. Duke, 1890 Isaac M. Singer, 1860s VIII. Variety of Stores Department Stores Chain Stores Mail Order Catalog IX. Marketing $50 Million, 1867 N.W. Ayer & Son, 1870s $500 million, 1920 X. Labor Unions National Labor Unions, 8/20/1866 William Sylvis Knights of Labor, 12/1869 Uriah S. Stephens Terence V. Powderly, 1879 American Federation, 12/8/1886 Samuel Gompers XI. Labor Strikes “Yellow Dog Contract”: “Strike Breakers” “Lockout” “Picket Lines” “Injunctions” Railroad Strike, 7/14/1877 “General Strike” “Collective Bargaining” XII. U.S. Presidency, 1869-1901 Most Presidents Ulysses S. Grant, 1869-77 Rutherford B. Hayes, 1877-81 James A. Garfield, 1881 Chester A. Arthur, 1881-85 Grover Cleveland, 1885-89 “Mulligan Letters” 1884 “Mugwumps” 6. Benjamin Harrison, 1889-93 Yankee Imperialism #19 I. New “Manifest Destiny” Frederick Jackson Turner, 1893 Depression of 1893
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