Darlington, 1879

Burns, Peter of Kilwarlin. (b. 1800), muslin weaver and freemason, pub. Poems on Various Subjects (1835). Ref. Hewitt. [I]

Burns, Robert (1759-96), major Scottish poet: for his relationship to the labouring-class tradition see especially Tim Burke’s introductory essay and bibliography in LC 3, further revised in his edition of Burns and in his essay ‘Labour, Education and Genius’ in Fickle Man: Robert Burns in the 21st Century, ed. Johnny Rodger and Gerard Carruthers (Highland, Scotland: Sandstone Press, 2009), 13-24. and Nigel Leask, ‘Was Burns a Labouring-Class Poet?’, in Class and the Canon: Constructing Labouring-Class Poetry and Poetics, 1780-1900, ed. Kirstie Blair and Mina Gorji (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012), 16-33. For some examples of the widespread tradition of labouring-class and other poets honouring Burns in verse see ‘Odes on Burns by Local Bards’, in Knox, 328-44. Ref: LC, 3, 103-16; ODNB; www.robertburns.org/; Radcliffe; Miller, 144-55; Wilson, I, 349-73; Tinker, 104-11; Crawford, passim; Rizzo, 242; Cafarelli, 81-3; Richardson, 250-2; Powell, item 135; Jarndyce, items 1325-30; Christmas, 32-35; Sutton, 139 (numerous manuscripts, letters). [S] [LC 3]

Burns, Thomas (b. 1848), of Eckford, Roxburghshire, self-taught farm-worker, later a police officer in Newcastle upon Tyne and a school board officer, pub. Chimes from Nature, Introduction by James Graham Potter (Newcastle upon Tyne, 1887). Ref: Edwards, 11, 302-6; Reilly (1994), 77. [S]

Burns, William (b. 1825), of Clackmannan, sailor, wood carver. Ref: Edwards, 8 (1885), 340-44. [S]

Burnside, Thomas (1822-79), of Paisley, weaver, shopkeeper, didn’t start writing until aged 40, pub. posthumously Lays from the Loom (Paisley, 1889). Ref: Brown, II, 170-73; Leonard, 311-18. [S]

Burr, James, ‘Quilquox’ (b. 1863), of Tarves, shoemaker. Ref: Edwards, 10, 204-8. [S]

? Bursnell, Sarah, blind woman, broadside balladeer, author of a ‘Lamentation of Sarah Bursnell, Composed by Herself, a Blind Woman’. Ref: Hepburn, I, 40; II, 481. [F]

Butler, Ann (b. 1829), of Abystree, Llawhaden, Pembroke, humble family, Sunday school educated, pub. A Selection of Sacred Poems, ed. by G. S[mith] (London, 1878). Ref: Reilly (2000), 74. [W] [F]

Butterworth, James (‘Paul Bobbin’, 1771-1837), of Ashton under Lyne, poet and local historian, son of two handloom weavers, weaver, Sunday School teacher, later a postmaster, bookseller and stationer; pub. A Dish of Hodge Podge, or, A Collection of Poems by Paul Bobbin, Esq. (1800); Rocher Vale (1804). Ref: ODNB.

Byrne, Mary, of Ballyguile, Co. Wickow, daughter of a labouring man, blind from birth, whose ‘genius’ was discovered when she was twelve years old. Her poem The Blind Poem, written by a GIRL, BORN BLIND, and now in her Eighteenth Year (Dublin: 1789), pp. 24, was published after a parishioner at her church ‘accidentally heard’ her reciting poetry and suggested that publishing these works might alleviate some of the girl’s debts. The text is marked ‘Price 3s. 3d., or such greater price as the affluent choose to bestow on poverty’, and the poem is ‘dedicated to the world’, with two lines from Gray, ‘Perhaps in this neglected spot is laid /Some heart, once pregnant with celestial fire’. Elsewhere she defensively emphasises her disability: ‘And let the Scorners keep this truth in mind, / That she who writes is unimprov’d and blind’ (p. 7), and ‘The Grammar Criticks who in closets pore, / May find some Lines too long – some wanting more, / May find the Persons chang’d without a rule, / And then pronounce the Poetess a Fool’ (p. 8). She also uses her blindness metaphorically to assert her gratitude to God: ‘Who hast in mercy been kind to me, / Knowing my heart and its Propensity: / To veil in darkness my exterior Sight, / Yet shew’st thy wonders by internal Light’ (p. 7). The ‘parishioner’ who writes the preface explains that the ‘short, sudden, and frequent Transitions from one [subject] to another,’ happen because, ‘Had the whole of her works been printed, they would have made a large and an expensive Volume.’ Ref O’Donoghue, 52; inf. Dawn Whatman. [F] [I]

Bywater, Abel (b. 1795), of Sheffield, awl-blade maker, pub. two Yorkshire dialect poems in the England anthology, ‘Sheffield Cutler’s Song’ and ‘Owd Pinder’; between 1830 and 1834 pub. a number of prose ‘conversations’ entitled The Sheffield Dialect: Be a Sheevild Chap; other prose works include The Wheelswarf Chronicle (1832), and for twenty years from 1836 The Shevvield Chap’s Annual, the first of many West Riding publications of this sort (see also e.g. John Hartley’s (qv), The Halifax Clock and Thomas Blackah’s (qv) ‘Nattie Nydds’ pubns.) Ref England, [5], 30-1 and 59-60; Moorman, xxix-xxxi, 22-4.

Cadenhead, William (b. 1819), of Aberdeen, worked in a factory from age 9, pub. The Prophecy (1839), Flights of Fancy and lays of Bon-accord (1853). Ref: Edwards, 1, 347-50. [S]

Cairns, Arthur (b. 1840), of Dundee, spinner, powerloom tenter, weaver (weaving foreman), worked in India in a jute factory. Ref: Edwards, 6, 96-101; Reid, Bards, 81-2. [S]

? Calder, Robert MacLean (1841-95), of Duns, Berwickshire, draper, emigrated to America, returning in 1882 to work in shoe-trimming and embroidery trade, pub. A Berwickshire bard: the songs and poems of Robert MacLean Calder, ed. by W. S. Crockett (Paisley and London, 1897). Ref: Edwards, 12, 42-9 and 16, [lix], who gives a death date of 1896; Crockett, 254-60; Reilly (1994), 81. [S]

Calder, William, pub. Poems, Moral and Miscellaneous, with a Few Songs. By a Journeyman Mechanic (Edinburgh, 1863). Ref: COPAC. [S]

Cameron, Archibald (d. 1887), of Edinburgh, builder’s clerk in London, disabled by rheumatism, admitted to workhouse, ‘died in Dartmouth infirmary after three years as an inmate’ (Reilly), pub. An invalid’s pastime: musings in the infirmary ward (London, 1878). Ref: Edwards, 15, 239-43; Reilly (2000), 80. [S]

Cameron, John (d. 1850), of Dundee, bagpipe-maker and player, piper to the Dundee Highland Society, later mentally deranged, and took his own life. Ref: Reid, Bards, 85. [S]

Cameron, William C. (1822-89), of Dumbarton-castle, son of a sergeant and schoolmaster, stable boy, shoemaker, foreman in Glasgow, bankrupt businessman, employed in Menzies, Glasgow, pub. Light, shade and toil: poems, with an Introductory note by W.C. Smith (Glasgow and London, 1875). [This may be the same ‘W.C. Cameron’ who Brown says was ‘a fireman in Backhall Factory—a coarse fellow’, and pub. Mall Jamieson’s Ghost, or The Elder’s Dream, founded on fact, with other Poems (Paisley, 1844), especially if Brown’s ‘fireman’ (repeated by Leonard) were a typo for ‘foreman’, since Macleod says William C. Cameron was a foreman in a large shoemaking establishment for 13 years.] Ref: Edwards, 3 (1881), 274-8 and 12 (1889), xxii; Murdoch, 217-21; Macleod, 157-59; Brown, I, 436; Leonard, 180; Reilly (2000), 80. [S]

Campbell, Archibald (b. 1855), of Dumbarton, painter, ‘the poet-laureate of football players’. Ref: Macleod, 206-12; Edwards, 14, 66-69. [S]

Campbell, Mrs C. (b. 1844), of Alexandria, Vale of Leven, cooper’s daughter, married a master brass founder; composed poems from age 13; poems in Macleod. Ref: Macleod, 187-92. [F] [S]

Campbell, Duncan (fl. 1798), of Scottish origin, private soldier stationed at Cork, pub. A New Gaelic Song-Book (Cork, 1798). Ref O’Donoghue, 55. [I] [S]

Campbell, Duncan (fl. 1825), cotton spinner, pub. Miscellaneous Poems and Songs (Carlisle: George Irwin, 1825), his only publication, copy in Bodleian Library. Ref: inf. Bob Heyes.

Campbell, Elizabeth Duncan (1804-78), ‘The Lochee Poetess’, of Lochee, b. at Quarryhead, by the ruins of Castle Vane, Edzell, fifth of eight children of a ploughman, mother died when she was three; began work as a cowtender and whin gatherer aged seven, received one quarter session of schooling; in service as a maid at various farms, taken by one of her employers for two years to France; after returning to Scotland she married William Campbell, a flax dresser; since she had learned to work the handloom, for two years after marriage she filled pirns to four weavers. She and her husband and their children lived in Brechin and Arbroath. He suffered an accident which permanently disabled him and led to his death, and all four of their sons died, two in accidents. (Wilson locates her in Tannadice, Forfarshire, a ‘poetess in humble life...entirely self-taught’.) She published small collections of her verses to enhance their earnings; for example, Poems (Arbroath: printed by the author, 1972); Poems by Elizabeth Campbell, 3rd series (Arbroath, 1865), including ‘Cora’s House’, ‘A Prison Cell’, ‘The Criminal’s Death-Bell’, ‘Winter’ and ‘The Bereaved Mother.’; pubs. incl. Burns’ centenary: an ode, and other poems (Arbroath, 1862), Poems (four series, Arbroath, 1862, 1863, 1865 and 1867), Songs of My Pilgrimage, with an introduction by George Gilfillan, and autobiographical sketch and photograph (Edinburgh: A. Elliot, 1875), her fullest collection. Gilfillan's introduction describes her reading: Scott’s novels, some history, very little literature. Some of her notable poems are ‘The Fairy King’s Wedding’, ‘The White Lily’, ‘Willie Bill’s Burn’, ‘Nelly’, ‘Struck by Lightning’, ‘The Spanish Rock’, ‘My Infant Day and My Hair Grown Grey’, ‘My Tramp to See the Queen’, ‘Threescore and Ten’, ‘First Love’, ‘The Graves on My Sons’, ‘The Shadows on the Wall’, ‘Ossian’s Grave’, and ‘The Death of Willie, My Second Son.’ Ref: Edwards, 1, 135-38; Reid, Bards, 86-90; Wilson, II, 514-15, Boos (1998), Reilly (2000), 81; Boos (2008), 120-45, includes photograph and autobiography; inf. Florence Boos. Link: wcwp [F] [S]

Campbell, George (bap. 1761-1817), of Kilmarnock, shoemaker poet, ordained minister of the Secession church of Stockbridge, Midlothian, 1794, pub. Poems on Several Occasions (Kilmarnock, 1787). Ref: LC 3, 131-2; ODNB, ESTC. [S] [LC 3]

Campbell, James, of Ballymure (1758-1818), weaver, born near Larne, Co. Antrim, member of the Samuel Thomson circle. The Posthumous Works of James Campbell of Ballymure (Belfast, 1820; Ballymena/Ballyclare, 1870) was published to raise money for his widow and children. According to Hewitt, ‘Campbell was the most socially outspoken, the most class-conscious, of weaver bards. He composed an ‘Inscription for the Tombstone of Thomas Paine’…which had 171 octosyllabic lines—implying a huge headstone—expounding his views on preist-craft and extolling the virtue of social justice. Ref O’Donoghue, 55; Hewitt, p. 53; Jennifer Orr, ‘Constructing the Ulster Labouring-Class Poet: The Case of Samuel Thomson’, in Class and the Canon: Constructing Labouring-Class Poetry and Poetics, 1780-1900, ed. Kirstie Blair and Mina Gorji (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012), 34-54; inf. Bridget Keegan. [I]

Campbell, John, ‘Will Harrow’ (1808-92), of Kinclaven, Perthshire, agricultural labourer, Chartist. Ref: Edwards, 3, 164-7. [S] [C]

Campbell, John (b. 1846), of Kilburnie, Ayrshire, compositor. Ref: Edwards, 6, 200-5. [S]

Campbell, John, of Oban, Argyllshire, worked in a Glasgow warehouse, later postmaster at Ledaig, often wrote in Gaelic, pub. Yggdrassill and other poems (London, 1898). Ref: Edwards, 6, 35-48; Reilly (1994), 83. [S]

Campbell, John (b. c. 1900s), of Annathill, New Monkland, miner, Christian poet. Ref: Knox, 278-9. [S] [OP]

Campbell, Samuel Scott (b. 1826), of Abercorn, Linlithgowshire, son of a shoemaker and a weaver, self-taught shoemaker, published poems in the newspapers. Ref: Edwards, 15, 266-71. [S]

Campbell, Thomas (b. 1837), of Alton, Loudon, Ayrshire, herder, weaver, musician, vocalist, travelling salesman. Ref: Edwards 1, 25-6. [S]

Campbell, Thomas (fl. 1884), of Lisnagarvey, Lisburn, County Down, millworker, pub. Lays from Lisnagarvey (Belfast, 1884); wrote to local press over signature of ‘Pat McBlashmole’. Ref: O’Donoghue, 55; Reilly (1994), 84. [I]

Candler, Ann (1740-1814), of Yoxford, Suffolk, daughter of a glover who learned to read and write by imitating her father, pub. Poetical Attempts...with a short narrative of her life, by Ann Candler, a Suffolk Cottager (Ipswich and London, 1803); ‘Stanzas addressed to the inhabitants of Yoxford, in 1787’ included in The Suffolk Garland (Ipswich and London, 1818). Ref: LC 4, 1-20; ODNB; Jackson (1993), 49-50; Kord, 259-60; Cranbrook, 53, 173; C. R. Johnson, cat. 49 (2006), item 55. [LC 4] [F]

Canning, Dan (b. 1851), of Glasgow, printer, singer. Ref: Edwards, 3, 363-4. [S]

Cannings, Thomas, (fl. 1800), private soldier in the 61st Regiment, pub. ‘The Unfortunate Lovers’, Hibernian Magazine (1790), collected in Detached Pieces in Verse (Cork, 1800). Ref O’Donoghue, 57. [I]

Capern, Edward (1819-94), ‘The Rural Postman of Bideford’, of Tiverton, Devon, baker’s son, worked in a lace-factory, then as a letter-carrier, later lectured in the Midlands, author of Poems (2nd edn 1856, 3rd edn, London, 1859); The Devonshire melodist: a collection of original songs by Edward Capern, rural postman, Bideford, Devon, transcribed for the voice and pianoforte, under the author's direction, by T. Murby (London: Boosey & Sons, [1861]); Wayside Warbles (London, 1865; 2nd edn, London and Birmingham 1870); Sungleams and shadows (London and Birmingham, 1881); The Postman’s Poems [Selections] (Bristol: Bellman Press, 1939). Ref: LC 5, 289-300; ODNB; William Ormond, Recollections of Edward Capern (Bristol, [1860?]); W. Ormond, An Hour with Edward Capern. An Address (Bristol: Taylor, undated pamphlet, c. 1860s.); Maidment (1987), 137, 147-9; Miles, X, xiv; Wright, 71-3; Reilly (1994), 85; Reilly (2000), 83; Ilfra Goldberg, Edward Capern: The Postman-Poet (Cambridge: Vanguard Press, 2009). [LC 5]

Capitein [or Captain], Jacobus Elisa Johannes (1717-1747), former slave educated at Lyden, wrote a Latin dissertation, ‘Is Slavery Contrary to Christian Liberty’, which included a long poem. Ref: Basker, 84-6.

Carey, Mr, first name unknown (fl. 1815), an Armagh stone-mason, referred to as a poet in the Newry Magazine, I (1815), 138. Poems include an epitaph on a ‘clergyman inordinately fond of oysters’: ‘Behold the spot where A[verell] lies, / Amid these lonely cloisters! / Michael! if he will not rise / At the last trump, cry “Oysters!”’. Ref O’Donoghue, 57. [I]

Carleton, William (1794-1869), of Tyrone peasant stock, ‘hedge-school’ educated, successful novelist, protestant convert, received Civil List pension, numerous novel publications and political/religious disputes, wrote ballad of Sir Turlough, also pub two posthumous volumes: Farm Legends (New York: Harper, 1876) and Farm Ballads (London, Routledge, 1889); his son, William Carleton jun., became a leading Australian poet. Ref: ODNB; O’Donoghue, 59; Taylor, 311-16, 389; Sutton, 169 (manuscripts, letters). [I]

Carmichael, Daniel (b. 1826), of Alloa, Clackmannanshire, son of stonemason, engineer on Clydeside and Merseyside, pub. Cosietattle, and other poems (Liverpool, 1888), Rhyming lilts and Doric lays (1880). Ref: Edwards, 9, 88-96; Murdoch, 201-6; Reilly (1994), 85. [S]

Carmichael, Peter (b. 1807), of Kirkfieldbank, Clydeside, kinsman of banished Jacobites, apprenticed shoemaker, later station-master at Douglas, Lanarkshire, pub. Clydesdale poems (Hamilton and Glasgow, 1884). Ref: Edwards, 4, 230-33; Reilly (1994), 86 (misdating birth date as 1897). [S]

? Carmichael, Rebekah, later Hay (fl. 1790-1806), orphaned young, left destitute as a widow; Burns subscribed to her Poems by Miss Carmichael (Edinburgh: printed by the author and sold by Peter Hill, 1790), full text on Google Books. Ref: Lonsdale (1989), 445-7; Johnson 46, no. 161. [F] [S]

Carnegie, David (1826-91), of Arbroath, Forfarshire, bookseller’s messenger, handloom then powerloom weaver, pub. Lays and lyrics from the factory (Arbroath, 1861, 1879). Ref: Edwards, 1, 189-91 and 16, [lix]; Reid, Bards, 106-7 (gives death date of 1890); Reilly (2000), 83. [S]

Carnie, Ethel (1886-1962), of Oswaldtwistle, Lancashire, cotton worker, poet and novelist, ‘the early twentieth-century’s best-known working-class woman poet’ (Boos); pub. Rhymes of the Factory (1907 and 1908), Songs of a Factory Girl (1911), Voices of Womanhood (1914), ten novels including [Ethel Carnie Holdsworth], This Slavery, ed. Nicola Wilson (Nottingham: Trent Editions, 2010), plus short stories and articles. Ref: Boos (2008), 252-78, includes photographs of the author. Link: wcwp [F] [OP]

Carr, James (b. 1825), boot and shoemaker of Ipswich, author of a poem on the Crimean veterans, Heroes Wreaths; or tributes to the brave (Ipswich, 1857). Ref: Cranbrook, 144, 173; Copsey (2002), 68.

Carrick, John Donald (1788-1837), of Glasgow, of humble parents, worked variously in Glasgow and London, in an architect’s office, a pottery, and opened a china/stoneware establishment, later travelling agent and a journalist, wrote songs pub. in Whistle-Binkie, and a collection of Scottish anecdotes, The Laird of Logan (1835). Ref: ODNB; Glasgow Poets, 190-94; Powell, item 148; Wilson, II, 91-3; Sutton, 183 (manuscripts, letters). [S]

Carroll, John, of Dublin, boot and shoemaker, pub. Circular of the poet shoemaker: being a few poems promiscuously selected from the volume preparing for publication (Dublin, 1860). Ref: O’Donoghue, 61; Reilly (2000), 86. [I]

Carson, Joseph, of Kilpike, weaver, pub. Poems, Odes, Songs, and Satires (1831). Ref. Hewitt. [I]

Carter, Thomas (b. 1792), of Colchester, tailor, author of The Tailor (1840); Memoirs of a Working Man (London, 1845), A Continuation of the Memoirs of a Working Man (London, c. 1850). Ref: Burnett et al (1984), nos. 131-2; Cross, 128, 151-2, Vincent, 35.

? Carter, William, Lieutenant in the 40th Regiment of Foot, author of The Disbanded Subaltern, an Epistle (?1780), BL 11779.bb.47, Dobell 2800; A Genuine Detail of the Several Engagements...during the years 1775 and 1776 (1784). Ref: BL C.33.g.31.

Carter, William, hairdresser of Manchester, pub. Rhythmical essays on the beard question (London, Liverpool and Manchester, 1868). Ref: Reilly (2000), 86.

? Casey, Elizabeth Owens Blackburne (E. Owens Blackburne, 1845-84) of Slane, Co. Meath, lost her sight at age 11, regained it under skilled medical treatment, a successful novelist but latterly became almost destitute and took assistance from the Royal County Fund, died in Dublin in a burning accident. As well as her Irish novels and two vols. of Illustrious Irish Women, pub. Con O'Donnell and Other Legends and Poems for Recitation (London, 1890). Ref O’Donoghue, 62. [F] [I]

Casey, John Keegan (‘Leo’, ‘Kilkeevan’, 1846-70) of Mount Dalton, near Mullingar, Co. Westmeath, peasant farmer’s son, mercantile clerk, popular radical journalist writing for The Nation, The Irishman, The Irish People and other periodicals, first poem appearing in The Nation when he was 16; imprisoned in 1867 for complicity in the Fenian rising and died aged 24. It ‘is said that 60,000 people attended his funeral’; a monument was raised in Glasnevin. Pub. A Wreath of Shamrocks (1866); The Rising of the Moon... (1869; reprinted, Glasgow); Reliques of J. K. Casey, collected and edited by ‘Owen Roe’ (Eugene Davis), and published by Richard Pigott (Dublin, 1878). Ref O’Donoghue, 63. [I]

Castillo, John (1792-1845), journeyman stonemason, born in Rathfarnham, County Dublin, brought up at Lealham Bridge in Cleveland, died at Pickering, Yorkshire; of poor Catholic parentage, embraced Wesleyan Methodism and became a fiercely puritanical preacher, pub. ‘Awd Isaac’ (in Cleveland dialect, first pub. Northallerton, 1831); ‘T’ Leealholm Chap's Lucky Dream’; Awd Isaac, The Steeplechase, and Other Poems (Whitby, 1843); The Bard of the Dales: Or, Poems and Miscellaneous Pieces, partly in the Yorkshire Dialect (1850); Poems in the North Yorkshire Dialect, ‘by the late John Castillo, Journeyman Stonemason and Weslayen Revivalist, ed George Markham Tweddle (Stokesley: Tweddle, 1878). Ref: ODNB; Newsham, 217-18; O’Donoghue, 64; Moorman, xxxi-xxxii, 33-5; Ashraf, I, 33-4; Cowley, Cleveland. 10-11; Charles Cox, Catalogue 51 (2005), item 64. [I]

? Cathcart, Robert (1817-70), of Paisley, shawl designer, pub. early pamphlet and Gloamin’ Hours (1868). Ref: Brown, II, 89-92. [S]

Catcott, William, Somerset baker, son of a stocking-maker, pub. Morning Musings, Second Series, with a Memoir of the Author (Wells, 1870). Ref: inf. Bob Heyes.

Catto, Edward (b. 1849), of Aberdeen, father died when he was two, sent to work at 8 as a half-timer, worked in the calendaring department of the Camperdown linen works, first poem ‘The Orphan Laddie’ pub. in the Weekly News; poems include ‘The Crippled Orphan Loon’. Ref: Edwards, 1, 144-6. [S]

? Caulfeild, John, soldier, ‘late Cornet of the Queen’s Regiment of Dragoon Guards’; pub. The Manners of Paphos, or, Triumph of Love (Dublin; London: Edward and Charles Dilly, 1777); extracts of two approving letters from Thomas Blacklock (qv) appear before the poem, which was well received; sole publication. Ref: Dobell 2808; O’Donoghue, 64; BL 643.k.6(6); BL 161.l.21; BL 992.g.1(6); BL 12330.aaa.8(3); Croft & Beattie, I, 39 (item 116).

Cavanagh, Michael (c. 1827-1900), of Cappoquin, Co. Waterford, cooper, Fenian, moved to USA in 1849, working as a cooper until in 1867 began contributing on Irish matters to the Emerald and the Celtic Monthly Magazine, New York and the Boston Pilot; fought in the Oivil War, then worked in the Treasury at Washington; secretary to Fenian John O'Mahony. Gaelic scholar, ‘and many of his poetical versions from the old tongue are well known’. Ref O’Donoghue, 65. [I]

? Cave, Jane (b. c. 1754, d. 1813), b. in South Wales, daughter of an English exciseman stationed in Talgarth, also m. an exciseman, lived in Bristol, Winchester, Newport; pub. Poems on Various Subjects, Entertaining, Elegiac and Religious. With a few select poems, from other authors. By Miss Cave. Now Mrs. W___ (Winchester, 1783; Bristol, 1786 [with new poems added]; ‘second’ [in fact third] edition, Shrewsbury, 1789; further editions pub. by 1794). Title given here is as per the Shrewsbury third edition listed by Edwards, who notes the presence of a subscription list focused on Shrewsbury and Chester. There were considerable changes between editions of her work. Ref: Grundy, entry in Blain et al (1990), 190; Gramich & Brennan, 78-83, 396; Kord, 260; Christopher Edwards catalogue 55, item 31. [W] [F]

? Chadwick, [Richard] Sheldon, son of Jeremiah Chadwick, city missionary of Manchester, Chartist poet, lived in London, author of a ‘Labourer’s Anthem’ printed in Red Republican, I (1850) 56, pub. Working and singing: poems, lyrics and songs on the life-march (London, 1895). Ref: James, 175; Ashraf (1975), 221-3; Reilly (1994), 89; Scheckner, 126-7; Schwab, 187. [C]

? Chadwick, William Henry (1829-1908), of Manchester, Wesleyan preacher at age 14, temperance advocate who became a zealous Chartist; imprisoned in 1848 for Chartist agitation, wrote poems in prison, later an actor, phrenologist, mesmerist and touring seance-holder; helped found the agricultural workers’ union with Joseph Arch; pub. A Voice from Kirkdale Gaol: A Poem for the People (nd, c. 1849). Ref T. Palmer Newbould, Pages of the Life of Strife. Being Some Recollections of William Henry Chadwick. The Last of the Manchester Chartists (London, 1911); Schwab, 187; www.chartists.net