Simulation is often used to figure out how complex systems will act. Simulation has been used since the earliest days of analogue computers (Tacchino et al., 2020). But because it has been shown to improve parts of manufacturing systems (like products, materials, and ergonomic design, as well as energy use, production processes, and efficiency) (Mawson & Hughes, 2019), it has been used in a wide range of fields, including education and other industries (Hanga &
Kovalchuk, 2019). Such as making complex vehicles as shown in figure 5. (Kuutti et al., 2020)
Figure 2.4 Vehicle under simulation for aerodynamic capabilities Source: (Scurtu & Gheres, 2022)
Simulation ceramics and chemical processes (Bulychev & Rabinskiy,
2019). It has also been used to study clouds (Amani et al., 2020) and improve the safety of underground mining groups (Gul et al., 2019). As new, communication, medicine, and metrology make systems more complicated for humans to understand, simulation is likely to make a lot of progress quickly. Siemens, Rockwell Automation, MathWorks, and Festo, the companies that made Solid Edge, Arena, systems more complicated for humans to understand, simulation is likely to make a lot of progress quickly. Siemens, Rockwell Automation, MathWorks, and Festo, the companies that made Solid Edge, Arena, Simulink, and FluidSim, have all released updated versions of these programmes to meet the needs of Industry 4.0 (Bongomin et al., 2020a).
The theoretical framework component of the present study offers a summary of the major ideas that support the investigation into using disruptive technologies in engineering education to close the digital skills gap, with an emphasis on mechanical engineering at Ghanaian technical universities. The research examined fundamental, intermediate, and applied theories that shed light on the topic. Technological determinism and the disruptive model are the grand theories examined in this study, while the middle-range theories include the
Diffusion of Innovations Theory and the Social Learning Theory. The reviewed applied theories are the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Skills Mismatch. This section examines the relevance of each theory to the research questions and objectives of this study. This study seeks to develop a comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence the adoption and effective use of disruptive technologies in engineering education and the implications for addressing the digital skills gap in the industry by investigating and analysing these theories.
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