Education resource centre

Types and functions of facings.

• 
  Identification of fabrics for interfacing.
  
• 
  Functions of interfacings.
  

Resources; samples of facing on garments, different types of fabric for interfacings.

• 
  Attachments of facings on different edges for neatening e.g shaped, straight and scalloped.
  

Resources; fabrics and sewing tools.

• 
  Types of openings
  
• 
  Functions of openings i.e faced, bound panel and continued strip.
  

Resources; samples of opening on garments, accessories for making openings.

• 
  Identification of items used for fastenings e.g zip, buttons, Velcro.
  
• 
  Working of button holes.
  

Resources; samples of fastenings.

Resources; samples of fastenings on garments.

• 
  Methods of attaching zips
  
• 
  Practical attachment of zips on fabrics.
  

Resources; zip, fabrics, and sewing tools.

• 
  Definition of patterns and pattern drafting.
  
• 
  Advantages of the use of patterns.
  
• 
  Tools and equipments for pattern drafting.
  

Resources; tools for drafting patterns.

• 
  Different methods of obtaining patterns e.g draping, flat, knock-off,.
  
• 
  Advantages and disadvantages of each method.
  

Resources; samples of some patterns.

• 
  Types of flat patterns- drafted and commercial.
  
• 
  Merits and demerits.
  
• 
  Pattern markings and symbols.
  
• 
  Printed and perforated.
  

Resources; chart showing pattern marking and the meanings.

Meaning of free hand method of cutting fabric.

• 
  Techniques involved in free hand cutting.
  
• 
  Merits and demerits of free hand cutting.
  

Resources; fabrics, chalk, scissors, etc

Importance of taking accurate body measurements.

• 
  Principles involved in taking body measuremenst.
  
• 
  Essential body parts to be measured.
  

Resources; diagram of a person, indicating parts for measurements.

Practical on how to take accurate body measurements.

Resources; tape measure, note book, and pencil.

Abura, iroko, mahogany etc.

1. Guide students to identify common west African timber

2. Name five common west Africa timber

1. 
   Describe tree growth and structure
   
2. 
   Identify the committees where each timber grown on a map of west Africa
   

1. 
   Describe tree structure.
   
2. 
   View sample of timber under microscope
   

1. 
   Describe the growth of a tree
   
2. 
   Sketch and label the cross section of a tree
   
3. 
   Sketch the structure of a wood
   

Characteristics of soft wood and hard woods.

Physical properties of common west African timbers

1. 
   Display specimens of common west African timbers
   
2. 
   Explain differences between soft and hard wood.
   

Characteristics of soft wood and hard woods.

Physical properties of common west African timbers

1. 
   Observe specimens describe their physical properties
   
2. 
   Describe characteristics of soft wood
   
3. 
   Describe characteristic of hard wood
   

1. 
   Describe the differences between the soft wood and hard wood
   
2. 
   Describe the physical properties of common west African timbers
   

Physical properties of common west African timbers

1. 
   Explain the physical properties of west African timber
   
2. 
   State at least four physical properties of each of the following
   

1. 
   Abura
   
2. 
   Mahogany
   
3. 
   Iroko
   
4. 
   Opepe
   

Definition of timber conversion

Method of timber conversion

Common market size of timber

1. 
   Define timber conversion
   
2. 
   Describe timber conversion
   
3. 
   Sketch some method
   

Definition of timber conversion

Method of timber conversion

• 
  Through & through sawing
  
• 
  Tangential sawing
  
• 
  Rift/ quarter sawing
  

1. 
   Describe the methods of timber conversion with the aid of sketch\
   
2. 
   Make sketches of methods of timber conversion
   

1. 
   Through & through sawing
   
2. 
   Tangential sawing
   
3. 
   Rift / quarter sawing
   

1. 
   List common market sizes of timber
   
2. 
   Explain the common market sizes of timber e.g
   

1. 
   Board
   
2. 
   Plank
   
3. 
   Scanting etc
   

General machine shop safety rules

Electrical safety rules

Mechanical safety rules

1. 
   Explain and demonstrate appropriate general machine shop, electrical and mechanical safety behaviors
   
2. 
   Define safety
   

General machine shop safety rules

Electrical safety rules

Mechanical safety rules

1. 
   State two general machine shop safety rules
   
2. 
   List some electrical safety rules
   
3. 
   Explain the electrical safety rules
   

General machine shop safety rules

Electrical safety rules

Mechanical safety rules

1. 
   Describe some mechanical safety rules
   
2. 
   List some mechanical safety rules
   
3. 
   Explain the mechanical safety rules
   

General machine shop safety rules

Electrical safety rules

Mechanical safety rules

1. 
   Observe appropriates safety rules
   
2. 
   Differentiate between electrical and mechanical hazards in the machine shop
   

General machine shop safety rules

Electrical safety rules

Mechanical safety rules

1. 
   State the causes and remedies of accident in the working machine shop
   
2. 
   Discuss actively in the class for proper observation of safety rules
   

Common machine shop safety equipment and devices: fire extinguisher, first aid box, and sand bucket

Common machine shop safety equipment and devices: fire extinguisher, first aid box, and sand bucket

1. 
   Names some safety devices and equipments use in the machine shop
   
2. 
   Explain the equipment and their uses in the machine shop
   

Common machine shop safety equipment and devices: fire extinguisher, first aid box, and sand bucket

1. 
   Demonstrate the different methods on the operation of the equipment and devices in the wood machine shop
   
2. 
   State one use of each devices in the wood machine shop
   
3. 
   List the equipment and devices
   

Common machine shop safety equipment and devices: fire extinguisher, first aid box, and sand bucket

1. 
   Fire extinguisher
   
2. 
   Sand bucket
   
3. 
   First aid box
   
4. 
   Fire alarm etc
   

Principles of machine layout

Flow diagram of a machine shop lay out

1. 
   Explain principle s of machine shop layout
   
2. 
   Draw a flow diagram of machine layout.
   

Principles of machine layout

Flow diagram of a machine shop lay out

1. 
   Describe the importance of the flow diagram of machine shop layout
   
2. 
   Visit an existing wood machine shop.
   

Principles of machine layout

Flow diagram of a machine shop lay out

1. 
   Practice machine shop layout with aid of a flow diagram
   
2. 
   Draw a flow diagram showing the relative position of mortise, jointer, planner, tenoner, circular saw, grinder, driller, band saw etc,
   

Principles of machine layout

Flow diagram of a machine shop lay out

1. 
   Describe the relative positions of a machine shop
   
2. 
   Explain reason for machine layout
   

Principles of machine layout

Flow diagram of a machine shop lay out

1. 
   Illustrate wood machine shop layout with the aid of a flow diagram
   

Parts, accessories, uses and maintenance of

1. 
   Cross cut
   
2. 
   Circular saw
   
3. 
   Surface planner
   
4. 
   Thicknesses
   
5. 
   Band saw
   

1. 
   Show machine parts and accessories to the students
   
2. 
   Name machine parts and accessories to the students
   

Parts, accessories, uses and maintenance of

1. 
   Cross cut
   
2. 
   Circular saw
   
3. 
   Surface planner
   
4. 
   Thicknesses
   
5. 
   Band saw
   

1. 
   Explain the uses of machines and accessories
   
2. 
   Demonstrate the uses of machine parts and accessories
   

Parts, accessories, uses and maintenance of

1. 
   Cross cut
   
2. 
   Circular saw
   
3. 
   Surface planner
   
4. 
   Thicknesses
   
5. 
   Band saw
   

1. 
   Demonstrate correctly the use of machine and accessories
   
2. 
   Name four parts and two operations that can be performed on
   

1. 
   Circular saw
   
2. 
   Surface plane
   

Parts, accessories, uses and maintenance of

1. 
   Cross cut
   
2. 
   Circular saw
   
3. 
   Surface planner
   
4. 
   Thicknesses
   
5. 
   Band saw
   

1. 
   Name two accessories used on a circular and surface planner
   
2. 
   Explain the reason for carrying out maintenance on machine parts accessories
   
3. 
   Describe the types of maintenance
   

Parts, accessories, uses and maintenance of

1. 
   Cross cut
   
2. 
   Circular saw
   
3. 
   Surface planner
   
4. 
   Thicknesses
   
5. 
   Band saw
   

*meaning of marketing

*charts

*marketing terms

*needs, wants, demands,

Products, exchange ,transactions

Markets and marketing management.

The students listen attentively and participate in discussion

*functions of marketing system

-maximize consumption

-maximize consumer satisfaction

-maximize choice

-maximize life quality

-maximize profit

The student participates in discussion.

*magazines

*pictures

*charts

History of marketing in Nigeria .

-colonial age 100AD to 1860

-colonial era

1860-1960.

-post independence

Age 1960 to date

The students listens and participates in the discussion

-Charts

-Magazines

• 
  Concepts under which organization conduct marketing activities.
  
• 
  The production concept
  
• 
  The product concept
  
• 
  The selling concept
  

- charts

• 
  Marketing Concepts Cont.
  
• 
  Concepts under which organization conduct marketing activities.
  

- The consumer orientation

- Integrated organizational efforts

- Profit orientation

- Charts

• 
  Meaning
  
• 
  Basic of segmentation
  
• 
  Geographical
  
• 
  Social-economic
  
• 
  Psychographic
  
• 
  Behavior
  
• 
  Characteristics
  

• 
  Meaning of product
  
• 
  Classification of product
  
• 
  Industrial goods
  
• 
  Consumer goods
  
• 
  Differences between goods and services
  

- Pictures, charts, real objects , different products

• 
  Explanation of marketing mix(4ps)
  
• 
  Identification of the 4ps of marketing.
  
• 
  Product
  
• 
  Price
  
• 
  Place
  
• 
  Promotion
  
• 
  
  

- Real objects

- Products (Consumer goods)

• 
  Explanation of market Environment .
  

- Market/Shop

• 
  Factors affecting market environment
  

- Market/ Shop

• 
  Actions before marketing e.g. mobilization of workforce
  

• 
  Explanation of operations of organizations and individual using organizational chart
  
• 
  Actions before marketing;
  
• 
  Mobilization of force
  
• 
  Utilization of feedback
  
• 
  Production of quality goods and services
  
• 
  Managing distribution networks
  
• 
  Advertisement and promotion
  
• 
  
  

• 
  Meaning of market
  
• 
  Types of market
  
• 
  Organizational market
  
• 
  Consumer market
  

• 
  Types of organizational market
  
• 
  Industrial
  
• 
  Reseller
  
• 
  Government market
  

• 
  Consumer behavior
  
• 
  Factors influencing consumer behaviour
  
• 
  Cultural factors
  
• 
  Social factors
  
• 
  Personal factors psychological factors
  

• 
  consumer decision process
  
• 
  Problem recognition
  
• 
  Information search
  
• 
  Evaluation of alternatives
  
• 
  Purchase decision
  
• 
  Post purchase behaviour
  

• 
  Marketing planning process
  
• 
  Meaning
  
• 
  Key elements in marketing planning
  

• 
  Importance of marketing plan
  
• 
  Marketing research
  

• 
  Reasons for marketing research
  
• 
  Getting information for planning
  

• 
  Definition
  
• 
  Pricing strategies
  
• 
  Haggling, cost –plus etc
  
• 
  Price determinants
  
• 
  Ability to pay
  
• 
  Competition
  
• 
  Profit maximization
  

The students listen, design a product and determine it’s price

News on price watch

• 
  Advertising
  
• 
  Roles of advertising
  

• 
  Advertising media
  
• 
  Print
  
• 
  Electronics
  

• 
  Advantages and disadvantages of each medium (Electronic media)
  

• 
  Advantages and disadvantages of each medium (Print media)
  

• 
  Meaning of promotion
  
• 
  Forms of promotion
  
• 
  Pricing –off
  
• 
  Coupon
  
• 
  Salesman competition
  
• 
  Loyalty scheme
  

• 
  Forms of promotion
  
• 
  Premium offers
  
• 
  Words of mouth
  
• 
  Trade-in-allowance
  
• 
  Sampling
  
• 
  Merchandising incentives
  
• 
  Training schemes
  

• 
  Functions of promotion
  

• 
  Merchandising ; meaning
  
• 
  Features of merchandising
  
• 
  Packaging
  
• 
  Branding
  
• 
  Labeling
  

• 
  Conditions in merchandizing
  
• 
  Ware housing cost
  
• 
  Cost resulting from reduction in inventory value
  
• 
  Transportation cost etc
  
• 
  
  

• 
  Functions of merchandising
  
• 
  Scrambled merchandising
  

• 
  Distribution
  
• 
  Types of distribution
  
• 
  Channels of distribution
  

• 
  Factors influencing consumer behavior
  
• 
  Cultural factors
  
• 
  Social factors
  
• 
  Personal factors
  
• 
  Psychological factors
  

The meaning of photography

Scopes of photography

Essence of photography

Importance of photography historical purpose (b) Educational purpose (c) Security purpose (d) advertising purpose (e) communication purpose (f) labelling.

The brief history of photography

The word photography derives from a Greek word.

The mentor of photography and permanent photography.

The various areas of photography

Fashion

Sports

Nature

Under water.

The meaning of photography terminologies.

Photography terminologies such as (a) zoom (b) focus (c) print (d) exposure (e) develop (f) image (g) subject etc. `

What is light?

Various sources of light e.g.;

Natural and artificial light

Importance of light to photography

What are properties of light?

The various properties of light e.g.;

Absorption

Reflection

Refraction

Dispersion

What is camera

Classification of camera based on lenses

Single lens reflex

Twin-lens reflex

Video camera

Types of Cameras

Analogue camera

Digital photo camera

Video camera

Types of video cameras e.g. (a) camcorder (b) close circuit (c) television camera (d) camera phone range camera etc.

Basic parts of the camera

Functions of the camera

Care of the camera

List the function of the identified parts of camera

How to operate the camera

How to maintain the camera e.g. (a) cleaning the lens

(b) packaging of the camera when not in use

(c) cleaning of the body.

Clean the lens

Handle the camera when loading the film.

Keep camera in the bag when not in use.

The meaning of film

The nature of film

Types of photography films e.g. black and white, coloured film.

Meaning of film format.

The film format (sizes)

The meaning of film speed

Importance of film speed

The meaning of shooting preparation

The various forms of preparation prior to shooting photographs.

1.types of photographs

Two ways of handling camera e.g. hand held and using tripod.

The meaning of darkroom

Darkroom layout.

Darkroom tools and equipment.

Darkroom safety

wearing of rubber gloves

Apron and laboratory coat.

Identify the various tools and equipment in the darkroom.

Film development definition

Film development method.

Experiment with development tank and serious method.

Film development materials and equipment.

The use of each materials and equipment.

The meaning of negative

The meaning of drying of negative

Method of drying of negative e.g. drier and open air method.

Development using dryer and upon air method.

The meaning of storage of negative.

Method of storage of negative e.g. film containers, cello-phone jackets.

The meaning of printing

The printing materials and equipment such as; i. Enlarge, ii. Safelight, iii. Drier, iv. Developing tank, v. Guillotine, vi. Developer, vii. Fixer, viii. Stop bath, xi. Timer etc.

The printing process

The printing of photographs using contact method, enlarging method.

The drying and storage of photograph by using drying and open air drying method.

Storage of photographs by using photo albums, cello-phone jacket, printing paper pack.

Negative and printing papers (contact printing)

Negative and enlarger.

• 
  Meaning
  
• 
  History and
  
• 
  Importance of salesmanship
  

Students participate in the group discussion in the class

• 
  Development of salesmanship
  
• 
  Importance of salesmanship to the Nigerian economy
  
• 
  Benefits of salesmanship.
  

Students explain the importance of salesmanship, and copy the board summary.

• 
  Concept of salesmanship
  
• 
  Meaning and application of these concepts.
  
• 
  Basic terms in salesmanship i.e selling consumer satisfaction profit etc.
  
• 
  
  

Students identify four concept of salesmanship.

• 
  Salesmanship strategies
  
• 
  Objectives of the salesmanship to;
  

1. 
   Company
   
2. 
   Customer
   
3. 
   Environment
   
4. 
   Himself
   

• 
  Application of these concepts to the business.
  
• 
  
  

Students explain the concepts of salesmanship, copy white board summary.

• 
  Characteristics of salesman
  
• 
  Functions of salesman.
  
• 
  Features; motivation, friendliness, confidence.
  
• 
  Duties of a salesman to the customer, company, government, public.
  
• 
  
  

Students participate by asking questions, and demonstrating the qualities of a good salesman.

• 
  Relationship of a salesman to his immediate environment.
  
• 
  Benefit of persuasive, politeness to business environment.
  
• 
  Traits of a successful salesman.
  
• 
  
  

Students participate, listen and copy the white board summary.

• 
  Define marketing
  
• 
  Interrelationship between salesmanship and marketing
  
• 
  Differentiate between salesmanship and marketing.
  
• 
  
  

Students distinguish marketing from salesmanship, define marketing.

• 
  Skills needed in salesmanship
  
• 
  Difference between sales promotion and salesmanship
  
• 
  Forms of promotion
  
• 
  Requisites of effective salesmanship.
  

Students explain skills needed to be a good salesman, distinguish between sales promotion and salesmanship.

• 
  Meaning of job opportunity.
  
• 
  Job opportunities in salesmanship
  
• 
  Relevance of salesmanship as a course of study
  

Students explain job available in salesmanship, identify courses of study in salesmanship

• 
  Qualities of an entrepreneur
  
• 
  Procedures for self actualization
  
• 
  Job hazard.
  

Students state qualities of an entrepreneur, mention job hazard in salesmanship.

• 
  Types, functions and duties of each salesman.
  
• 
  Differentiate between each type of salesman
  

Students write the difference between each salesman, mention three duties of a salesman.

• 
  Strengths of each type of salesman
  
• 
  Weakness of each type of salesman.
  
• 
  Performance of a good salesman.
  

Students participate in class activities, copy white board summary.

• 
  Meaning of sales management
  
• 
  Role of sales management
  
• 
  Sales decision.
  

Students define sales management, explain the roles of sales management, what is sales decision

• 
  Factors affecting sales, Duties of sales management
  
• 
  Solution to the identified factors.
  

Students state duties of sales managers.

• 
  Meaning of sales forcasting
  
• 
  Reasons for sales forcasting
  
• 
  Uses of sales forcasting
  
• 
  Methods of sales forcasting.
  

Students define, mention, and state the uses of sales forcasting.

• 
  Sales forcasting tools.
  
• 
  Advantages/disadvantages of forcasting
  
• 
  Factors affecting sales.
  

Students write on sales forcasting tools.

• 
  Meaning and
  
• 
  Various forms of finance
  
• 
  Define financial institutions.
  

Students define and identify forms of finance.

• 
  Functions of financial institution to a salesman
  
• 
  Differentiate between long and short term financing
  
• 
  Methods of business financing.
  

Students write on long and short term financing, state functions of financial institution to a salesman.

• 
  Roles and importance of finance
  
• 
  Sources of finance
  
• 
  Types of financial institutions
  
• 
  Finance major is about what?
  

Students participate in class by asking questions, mention sources of finance, copy white board summary.

• 
  Meaning of Advertising
  
• 
  Basic concept of advertising
  
• 
  Role of advertising
  
• 
  Reasons for advertising; to the company, the salesman, the public.
  

Students define, and enumerate reasons for advertising.

• 
  Factors affecting choice of media
  
• 
  Advantages/disadvantages of advertising
  
• 
  Benefits of advertising to; the consumer, the company, the targeted audience.
  

Students discuss on factors affecting choice of media, benefits of advertising to consumer, company etc

• 
  Types of advertising
  
• 
  Methods of advertising
  
• 
  Forms of advertising media.
  

Students give examples of advertising media, join sage or consumers club to advertise products.

• 
  Meaning,
  
• 
  Means, and
  
• 
  Importance of communication to salesman
  

Students define communication, enumerate importance of communication to salesman.

• 
  Benefits of communication to salesmanship
  
• 
  List barriers to communication
  
• 
  Meaning of computer services.
  

Students list barriers to communication, outline four benefits of communication to salesmanship.

• 
  Internet services
  
• 
  E-mail services to a salesman
  
• 
  Satellite
  
• 
  Functions of satellite.
  
• 
  
  

Students explain what internet is, functions of satellite to a salesman.

• 
  Meaning,
  
• 
  Importance,
  
• 
  Reasons,
  
• 
  Advantages and disadvantages of branding.
  
• 
  
  

Students to participate and also copy board summary.

• 
  Meaning,
  
• 
  Reasons,
  
• 
  Advantages and disadvantages of packaging.
  

Students define packaging, prepare different simple packaging.

• 
  Meaning of promotion
  
• 
  Types of promotion
  
• 
  Reasons for sales promotion
  

Students define sales promotion, state four reasons for sales promotion.

• 
  Usefulness of sales promotion
  
• 
  Objectives of promotion
  
• 
  Sales incentives e.g gift item, cash discount.
  
• 
  Advantages and disadvantages of promotion.
  

Students list the merits and demerits of sales promotion, get involved in sage club and promote the school products.