Эумк по дисциплине «иностранный язык (английский)»для студентов заочной формы обучения специальностей
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- Ex. 1. Match the English words with the appropriate Russian equivalents
- Ex.2.Give English equivalents from the text
- Ex.3. Say whether these statements are right or false
- Ex.4. Answer the questions
- Ex.5.Complete the sentences
- Ex.6. Make up a plan of the text and retell it. TASKS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE NATIONAL BANK
- Ex.1. Match the English words with the appropriate Russian equivalents
- Ex3. Say whether these statements are right or false
- Ex.5. Complete the sentences
- Ex.6. Make up a plan of the text and retell it. TAXATION Look through the list of English words and their Russian equivalents before reading the text
- Ex.6.Make up a plan of the text and retell it. THE WORLD BANK
- Ex.2. Give English equivalents from the text
- Ex.6.Make up a plan of the text and retell it.
A sole proprietorship is a form of business organization owned and operated by one person. Sole proprietorships are the most numerous kind of business organization, but most of them are very small. Sole proprietors own all the profits of their enterprises, and they are “own bosses”. They don’t have to pay the special taxes placed on corporations. Among sole proprietors are farmers, professional men, small storekeepers and small manufacturers. The greatest disadvantage of a sole proprietorship is unlimited liability that each proprietor faces. Liability refers to legal obligations to pay for debts or damages. Other disadvantages may include lack of opportunities for employees, limitations of size and growth and lack of management resources. A partnership is a form of business organization that is owned and run by two or more persons. Partnerships are easy to form, relatively small to control and often get tax benefits from the government. Partnerships are not subject to special taxation. Partnerships can be found in such professional fields as medicine, law, accounting, insurance. In many cases partnerships have unlimited liability. Each partner is both jointly or separately responsible for all the debts of their business. If the business fails, its creditors have the right to recover their money from any, or all, of the partners. A corporation is a form of business organization created under a government charter. A corporation may issue and sell stock certificates. A person who owns a stock certificate is called a stockholder. Shareholders are the owners of a corporation and their shares of ownership are represented by stock certificates. A corporation is managed by the Board of Directors. It is difficult and expensive to organize a corporation. The process of obtaining a charter usually requires the services of a lawyer. Corporations are subject to special taxes. Ex. 1. Match the English words with the appropriate Russian equivalents:
Ex.2.Give English equivalents from the text: Единоличные владельцы, прибыль, производители, налоги, подлежать налогообложению, держатели акций, услуги юриста, устав, совет директоров, неограниченная юридическая ответственность, недостаток возможностей, долг, сталкиваться, недостаток возможностей, бухгалтерский учет. Ex.3. Say whether these statements are right or false:
Ex.4. Answer the questions:
Ex.5.Complete the sentences:
Ex.6. Make up a plan of the text and retell it. TASKS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE NATIONAL BANK Look through the list of English words and their Russian equivalents before reading the text:
The National Bank of Belarus occupies the central position in the country’s banking system and is accountable to the Parliament. The Head of the National Bank is appointed by the President. His deputies and members of the board are appointed by the Presidium of the Parliament. The National Bank is an independent institution acting within the limits of the legislation and its Charter. The Charter is the subject to approval by the Parliament. The Bank sends annual reports of its activities to the Parliament. In cooperation with the government, the National Bank drafts and sends to the Parliament the guidelines for financial and credit policies for the coming year and reports the implementation of such policies in the previous year. The National Bank regulates inflation chiefly by internationally accepted economic means, such as interest rates, minimum requirements for banking services and activity on the open financial market. The National Bank acts as a creditor, economic advisor and representative of the government on the financial market. The National Bank participates in the work of international organizations. It co-operates with the International Monetary Fund, World Bank and European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and foreign banking and financial control institutions. The main functions of the National Bank are: - develop and pursue monetary policy of the Republic of Belarus jointly with the government of the Republic of Belarus; - to issue money; - to regulate money circulation; - to regulate credit relations; - to carry out foreign exchange regulation; - to act as a central depository. The National Bank does not provide crediting to economic entities. Under the current legislation, crediting, cash collection and other financial services are provided to economic entities by commercial banks.
Ex.2.Give English equivalents from the text: Занимать центральное положение, быть ответственным перед кем-либо, банковские услуги, заместители главы Национального банка, ежегодные доклады, совместно с правительством, регулировать инфляцию, минимальные требования, экономический консультант, представитель государства, экономическая единица, предоставлять, Международный Валютный Фонд, Всемирный Банк, денежное обращение. Ex3. Say whether these statements are right or false:
Ex.4. Answer the questions:
Ex.5. Complete the sentences:
Ex.6. Make up a plan of the text and retell it. TAXATION Look through the list of English words and their Russian equivalents before reading the text:
The principal purpose of taxes is to pay for the cost of government. Sometimes taxes are levied to protect selected industries. The federal government can use its ability to tax to regulate the level of economic activity. Taxes may be imposed on transactions, institutions, property and all kinds of other things. But the most important thing is that taxes are paid by people. All taxes are paid out of income. Two principles of taxation deal with the equity in distributing tax burdens. The benefit-received principle of taxation states that those who benefit from government programme are the ones who ought to pay for it. The ability-to-pay principle states that taxes ought to be paid by those who can best afford them, regardless of the benefits they receive. Most taxes can be classified as progressive, regressive and proportional. A progressive tax takes a larger percentage of a higher income and a smaller percentage of a lower income. A regressive tax is one that takes a higher percentage of a low income and a lower percentage of a high income. A proportional tax takes the same percentage of all incomes, regardless of size. A sales tax is a general tax levied on consumer purchases of nearly all products. Sales taxes have a regressive effect. A value-added tax is similar to a sales tax and is also regressive. An income tax, a property tax and an inheritance tax are progressive taxes. Much of the government’s revenue comes from the income and property taxes.
Ex.2.Give English equivalents from the text: Главная цель, облагать налогами, налоги выплачиваются из прибыли, распределение налогового бремени, принцип извлечения выгоды, принцип платёжеспособности, налог с оборота, налог на добавленную стоимость, подоходный налог, прогрессивный налог, налог на наследство, налог на собственность. Ex3. Say whether these statements are right or false:
Ex.4. Answer the questions:
Ex.5.Complete the sentences:
Ex.6.Make up a plan of the text and retell it. THE WORLD BANK Look through the list of English words and their Russian equivalents before reading the text:
The World Bank was founded in July 1944. It is a group of four institutions: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Finance Corporation, the International Development Association and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency. The World Bank has about 40 offices throughout the world with the staff over 7,000 members including economists, engineers, agronomists, statisticians, lawyers, experts in telecommunications, water supply, transportation, education, energy, rural development, population and health care and other disciplines. The headquarters of the World Bank is situated in Washington. The World Bank is a lending institution. The first loans were extended during the late 1940s to finance the reconstruction of the war-destroyed economies of Western Europe. When these countries recovered, the Bank turned its attention to assisting the world’s poorer nations, known as developing countries. The World Bank has one central purpose: to promote economic and social progress in developing countries by helping to raise productivity so that they may live a better and fuller life. The World Bank is an investment bank, intermediating between investors and recipients, borrowing from the one and lending to the other. It obtains most of the funds through the issue of bonds. The World Bank also borrows money by selling bonds and notes to governments, their agencies and central banks. The proceeds of these bond sales are lent to developing countries to help to finance projects and policy that give promise of success. The World Bank started working with the government of Belarus in 1992. The first project was focused on improving forest management in the Belavezhskaya Pushcha nature reserve. From that time the World Bank has assisted with an economic rehabilitation loan, institution building, forestry development and a number of technical assistance projects. Ex.1. Match the English words with the appropriate Russian equivalents:
Ex.2. Give English equivalents from the text: Заём, разрушенные войной экономики, обращать внимание, главная цель, жить лучшей и более полной жизнью, продажа облигаций, давать взаймы, способствовать, получать, финансировать проекты, быть посредником, средства, развитие, улучшение, заповедник, выпуск облигаций, помощь, правительство, штаб-квартира, восстанавливать. Ex3. Say whether these statements are right or false:
Ex.4. Answer the questions:
Ex.5.Complete the sentences:
Ex.6.Make up a plan of the text and retell it. Directory: bitstream -> edoc bitstream -> College day annual report bitstream -> A mathematical theory of communication bitstream -> Images of Fairfax in Modern Literature and Film Andrew Hopper bitstream -> Amphitheater High School’s Outdoor Classroom: a study in the Application of Design bitstream -> Ethics of Climate Change: Adopting an Empirical Approach to Moral Concern bitstream -> The Age of Revolution in the Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal and South China Sea: a maritime Perspective bitstream -> Methodism and Culture bitstream -> Review of coastal ecosystem management to improve the health and resilience of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area bitstream -> Present state of the area edoc -> Учебно-методическое пособие по профессионально-ориентированному английскому языку для студентов специальности «Финансы и контроль в сфере таможенной деятельности» Download 4.35 Mb. Share with your friends:
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