21 Note Soldier piles are embedded in drilled shafts extending below
the slope failure surface Figure 2-5: Slope stabilization with pile and lagging wall. Figure 2-6: Schematic loading in abridge pier (from O’Neill and Reese 1999). 23 Lateral loads can also include those due to vessel impact on fender systems and other structures around bridge piers in rivers and channels (Figure 2-9), loads that result from scour undermining bridge piers Figure 2-10), and loads that result from liquefaction or soil softening of soil layers around bridge piers and abutments. When a fender system (i.e., dolphin or mooring system) is an
integral part of abridge pier, lateral loads from vessel collision or mooring would be transmitted to the foundation. In rivers and streams
with a high scour potential, deep foundations must extend sufficiently below the scour zone to maintain necessary lateral support. Scour does not apply a load directly to the foundation. However, scour of material from one side of a foundation or from around the entire foundation will result in unbalanced earth pressures and/or additional moments on the foundation due to the increased unsupported pile length. Lateral loads acting on deep foundations can be significantly larger during seismic events than for the static case because of the added inertia forces of the structure and the potential reduction of lateral resistance if liquefaction occurs. Liquefaction reduces the resistance
of the soil to lateral load, thereby reducing the lateral
resistance of the foundation, and may cause an increased load demand as a result of lateral spreading or lateral flow of the ground above the liquefied layer.
Share with your friends: 
