Russia plans to spend $730 billion by 202 on its military
Ardayeva, FSN Moscow Correspondent ‘11
(Anya, July 8, Defence Professionals “Russia to Spend $730 Billion on New Weapons“http://www.defpro.com/daily/details/849/?SID=92e05482301377d4f6f0d9787b502a99 7/11/11 BLG)
Russia plans to spend $730 billion by 2020 to upgrade and re-arm its military. That’s nearly $20 million a day.
The new state arms procurement program includes purchases of eight missile-carrying strategic submarines equipped with Bulava ballistic missiles. Plus 600 aircraft and S-400 and S-500 air defense systems. The arms purchases, both at home and abroad, would allow Russia to raise the proportion of modern weaponry in its arsenal to 70 percent by 2020.
Independent military analyst Pavel Felgenhauer says upgrading the strategic nuclear forces is at the top of the list, but the rest of the military needs a boost as well.
“Then there’s of course the air force, the air defense system, the army – actually, everything needs re-arming because right now they say that [only] 10-15 percent of our weaponry is modern,” Felgenhauer noted.
BUDGET INCREASE
As Russia exports weapons worth billions of dollars abroad, the country’s armed forces are mostly equipped with outdated Soviet-era weaponry. In the last 10 years the government has increased the defense budget tenfold, says Felgenhauer, but still failed to bring the military up to date.
**AT Brain Drain Good** AT: Strengthens US Space Industry
US Monopoly on space and science hurts other countries economically and politically- UN Conference says
Space Daily ‘99
(No Author, SpaceDaily, 7/20/99, “Space Widening technology Gap” http://www.spacedaily.com/news/unspace-99b.html, accessed 7/5/11 BLG)
A monopoly on space science would bring power and wealth to privileged nations and cause hardship and deprivation to others, the Third United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNISPACE III) was warned this afternoon by the head of Indonesia's delegation to the Conference, Harijono Djojodihardjo. He proposed creation of a United Nations fund for large-scale educational opportunties, particularly in developing countries that would focus on space technology for social and economic development applications. Norway's Ambassador, Helga Heres, also expressed concern about the widening technology gap between rich and poor nations. Unless developing countries were given access to the technologies being discussed at the Conference, and on an equitable basis, they were likely to be further marginalized. At the same time, she added, developing countries must also develop their own capacities to use those technologies. On the same theme, the Ambassador of Uganda, Semakula Kiwanuka, said the abundant space-related benefits should be made available to developing countries. Africa needed a critical mass of men and women who were capable of utilizing and building on existing knowledge. An enabling political and economic environment was critical in attracting investment not only to produce wealth but also to produce and retain national capacity and prevent the "brain drain".
Brain Drain makes peaceful space impossible.
Spacedaily ‘99
(No Author, SpaceDaily, 7/20/99, “Space Widening technology Gap”, http://www.spacedaily.com/news/unspace-99b.html, accessed 7/5/11 BLG)
Also this afternoon, several speakers emphasized the importance of using space for peaceful purposes. Alexander Medvedchikov, the Deputy Director- General of the Russian Federation's Space Agency, stressed that space must not be used as an arena for rivalries or a testing ground for new weapons. Ensuring that space was not militarized required coordinating the world community's efforts in the peaceful uses of outer space. The United Nations was the only entity capable of assuming that task. Only the United Nations could translate the will of the international community into action, solve global problems such as environmental pollution and overpopulation, and ensure the adoption of a code of space law. New norms of space law must be created to take into account the participation of industry and other actors in space activities. Existing legal norms were created when governments were the only players, but that was no longer the case.
AT: Brain Circulation
Restricted sector like aerospace do not experience circulation
Harvey, University of Sydney - Faculty of Economics and Business - School of Business, 8
(William S., “BRAIN CIRCULATION? British and Indian scientists in Boston, Massachusetts, USA”, Asian Population Studies, Vol. 4, No. 3, p. 299, CW)
The frequency of business travel is, instead, likely to be affected by the sector. In the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors, for example, it is costly, time-intensive and complicated to collaborate because scientists are often restricted to obtaining results in the laboratory. In contrast, in the information and communication technology (ICT) sector, engineers can write software and programmes remotely using laptops. As a result, scientists are more geographically restricted to where they collaborate compared to information technology (IT) workers. Yet, although differences in sector might explain why Saxenian’s (2006) Indian sample travelled more to their home country than my Indian sample, it does not explain why British and Indian scientists in Boston differed in how frequently they travelled to their home countries for business purposes.
Brain Circulation Fails- ¾ Of scientists don’t make investments in their home country
Harvey, University of British Colombia, Department of Geography ‘08
(William S, November 2008, Asian Population Studies Vol. 4 No. 3 “Brain Circulation? British and Indian scientists in Boston Massachusetts, USA” p.305 BLG)
The type and frequency of business information that is exchanged between highly skilled migrants and people in their home countries is arguably a significant indicator of their desire to invest in those countries. In addition, the social relationships that are formed when highly skilled migrants travel to and collaborate with organisations in their home countries are also an important indicator of brain circulation. The fact that British and Indian scientists are investing in their home countries in a limited way, however, questions the full extent of brain circulation. Although the literature has emphasised the importance of brain circulation, I suggest that scholars focus on brain drain as well because it is also germane in the context of highly skilled migration.
In terms of the level of personal investments in their home country, British and Indian scientists have contributed to brain circulation only in a limited way. At least three- quarters of British and Indian scientists have not made any personal investments in their
home country. Although fewer Indian respondents have made investments in their home country, those who invested have taken more advanced procedures to contribute to the economy of India, compared to the contribution that British scientists have made to the UK economy. In addition, 13 per cent more Indian than British scientists considered making future investments in their home country and showed a much greater desire to contribute to the economic development of their home country. In short, Indian scientists were much more positive about the professional opportunities developing in India compared to British scientists who were predominantly negative about the professional opportunities available in the UK.
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