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V. be -violent &c. adj.; run high; ferment, effervesce; rage, romp, rampage, go on a rampage, roar.

run wild, run amuck, run riot; break the peace; rush, tear; rush headlong, rush foremost, roar off; raise a storm, make a riot; rough house*; riot, storm; wreak, bear down, ride roughshod, out Herod, Herod; spread like wildfire.

break out, fly out, burst out; bounce, explode, go off, displode[obs1], fly, detonate, thunder, blow up, crump[obs3], flash, flare, burst.

shock, strain.

break open, force open, pry open, prize open.

render violent &c. adj.; sharpen, stir up, quicken, stimulate, turn on; inflame, kindle, suscitate[obs1], foment; fan the flame; add fuel to the flame, pour oil on the fire, oleum addere camino[Lat].

{[with_object(person)]} [render violent] excite, incite, lash; convulse, infuriate, madden, lash into fury.

{[with_object(person)]} {{has_low_intensity}} [render violent] annoy, urge.

irritate, accelerate, aggravate, exasperate, exacerbate.

explode; let fly, fly off; discharge, detonate, set off, detonize[obs3], fulminate.



Adj. violent, vehement; warm; acute, sharp; rough, rude, ungentle, bluff, boisterous, wild; brusque, abrupt, waspish; impetuous; rampant.

turbulent; disorderly; blustering, raging &c. v.; troublous[obs3], riotous; tumultuary[obs3], tumultuous; obstreperous, uproarious; frenzied &c. (insane) 503. desperate &c. (rash) 863; infuriate, furious, outrageous, frantic, hysteric, in hysterics.

fiery, flaming, scorching, hot, red-hot, ebullient.

savage, fierce, ferocious, fierce as a tiger.

orgastic, orgasmatic, orgasmic.

spasmodic, convulsive, explosive; detonating &c. v.; volcanic, meteoric; stormy &c. (wind) 349.

{[when_modifying(fire)]} roaring.

Adv. violently &c. adj.; amain[obs3]; by storm, by force, by main force; with might and main; tooth and nail, vi et armis[Lat], at the point of the sword, at the point of the bayonet; at one fell swoop; with a high hand, through thick and thin; in desperation, with a vengeance; a outrance[obs3], a toute outrance[Fr]; headlong, head foremost.

Phr. furor arma ministrat[Lat]; "blown with restless violence round about the pendent world" [Measure for Measure].
#173a. Uncontrollability. -- N.

exacerbation, exasperation, malignity.

hysterics, bluster, passion &c. (state of excitability) R825.

chain reaction.

{{has_subtype(chain reaction)}} excursion, nuclear excursion.

{{similar_to: violence, R173}}.



V. go out of control, fly out of control.

{[with_subject(person)]} [shout or act in anger at something] explode, make a row, kick up a row; boil, boil over; fume, foam, come on like a lion, bluster, rage, roar, fly off the handle, go bananas, go ape, blow one's top, blow one's cool, flip one's lid, hit the ceiling, hit the roof; fly into a rage (anger) 900.



Adj. extravagant; unmitigated; ravening, inextinguishable, tameless.

{[when_modifying(person)]} excited &c. v.; out of control, uncontrollable, incontrollable[obs3]; insuppressible, irrepressible; unquelled[obs3], unquenched, unextinguished[obs3], unrepressed, unbridled, unruly; headstrong, ungovernable, unappeasable, immitigable, unmitigable[obs3].



#174. Moderation.-- N. moderation, lenity &c. 740; temperateness, gentleness &c. adj.; sobriety; quiet; mental calmness &c. (inexcitability) 826.

moderating &c. v.; anaphrodisia[obs3]; relaxation, remission, mitigation, tranquilization[obs3], assuagement, contemporation[obs3], pacification.

wet blanket; palliative.

{{has_metaphor; wet blanket}}.

measure, juste milieu[Fr], golden mean, ariston metron/gr>.

.

<-- 1-29-92 note that these physical objects are left here(temporarily?), with pointers to the physobj supertypes -->

moderator; lullaby; pacifier.

{{function_of}} {{has_subtype(medicament)}} sedative, lenitive, demulcent, antispasmodic, carminative, laudanum; rose water, balm, poppy, opiate, anodyne, milk, opium, "poppy or mandragora".

{{has_subtype(sedative)}} tranquilizer; barbiturate; sleeping pill; downer[coll.].

V. be -moderate &c. adj.; keep within bounds, keep within compass; sober down, settle down; keep the peace, remit, relent, take in sail.

moderate, soften, mitigate, temper, accoy[obs1]; attemper[obs3], contemper[obs3]; mollify, lenify[obs3], dulcify[obs3], dull, take off the edge, blunt, obtund[obs3], sheathe, subdue, chasten; sober down, tone down, smooth down; weaken &c. 160; lessen &c. (decrease) 36; check, palliate.

rock to sleep.

tranquilize, pacify, assuage, appease, swag, lull, soothe, compose, still, calm, calm down, cool, quiet, hush, quell, suppress, sober, tame, damp, lay, allay, rebate, abate, slacken, smooth, alleviate, deaden, smooth, throw cold water on, throw a wet blanket over, turn off; slake; curb &c. (restrain) 751; tame &c. (subjugate) 749; smooth over.

{{has_metaphor}} pour oil on the waves, pour oil on the troubled waters; pour balm into, mattre de l'eau dans son vin[Fr].

go out like a lamb, "roar you as gently as any sucking dove," [Midsummer-Night's Dream].



Adj. moderate; lenient &c. 740; gentle, mild, mellow; cool, sober, temperate, reasonable, measured; calm, unruffled, quiet, tranquil, still; slow, smooth, untroubled; tame; peaceful, peaceable; pacific, halcyon.

tempered &c. v..

unexciting, unirritating[obs3]; soft, bland, oily, demulcent, lenitive, anodyne; hypnotic &c. 683; sedative; antiorgastic[obs3], anaphrodisiac[obs3].

mild as mother's milk; milk and water.



Adv. moderately &c. adj.; gingerly; piano; under easy sail, at half speed; within bounds, within compass; in reason.

Phr. est modue in rebus[Lat]; pour oil on troubled waters.
A7.5 INDIRECT POWER...R175 to R177 [[control]]

<-- 175. Influence 175a. Absence of Influence

176. Tendency

177. Liability

-->

<-- && valve, spigot, faucet have_property = control -->

<-- influence has to be distinguished betweeen physical and mental -->

#175. Influence.-- N. influence, pull[coll.]; effect; importance &c. 642; weight, pressure.

{{has_high_level}} control, controlling influence, regulation, domination, dominion; governance, government, dominance, reign; preponderance, prevalence, sway; predominance, predominancy[obs3]; ascendency[obs3].

{{has_method}} {{has_subtype(communication)}} suggestion; inducement; persuasion; bribe; threat; praise; criticism.

{{assessed_by}} sphere of influence; range; area under control, territory.

{{property_of}} control point, choke point.

{[in_frame(society): authority, prestige &c. 737]} protection, patronage, auspices.

capability &c. (power) 157; effect &c. 154; interest.

synergy (cooperation) 709.

{{has_metaphor}} tower of strength, host in himself.

{{has_method}} footing; purchase &c. (support) 215; play, leverage, vantage ground.

{{has_metaphor}} wire-pulling, pulling strings; power behind the throne, grey eminence, eminence grise.

{[in_frame(legislation/government)]} lobbying.

{{performed_by(lobbying): lobbyist}}.

{{function_of}} regulator.

{{has_subtype: tendency, R176}}.

V. influence, affect, exert influence on; have -influence &c. n.; be -influential &c. adj.; carry weight, weigh, tell; have a hold upon, magnetize, bear upon, gain a footing, work upon; take root, take hold; strike root in.

run through, pervade; prevail, dominate, predominate; outweigh, overweigh; override, overbear; gain head; rage; be -rife &c. adj.; spread like wildfire; have the upper hand, get the upper hand, gain the upper hand, have full play, get full play, gain full play.

control, govern; regulate.

be recognized, be listened to; make one's voice heard, gain a hearing, weigh in; play a part, play a leading part, play a leading part in; take the lead, pull the strings; turn the scale, throw one's weight around, throw one's weight into the scale, tilt the balance; set the fashion, lead the dance; call the tune.



Adj. influential, effective; important &c. 642; weighty, telling.

controlling, prevailing &c. v.; prevalent, rife, rampant.

dominant, regnant, predominant, in the ascendant, hegemonical[obs3].

Adv. with telling effect.

Phr. tel maure tel valet[Fr].
#175a. Absence of Influence.-- N. impotence &c. 158; powerlessness; inertness &c. 172; irrelevancy &c. 10.

{{trait_of: wimp, P2.3.2.3.2.4.23}}.



V. have no -influence &c. 175.

Adj. uninfluential, ineffective, ineffectual; inconsequential, nugatory; unconducing, unconducive, unconducting to[obs3].

impotent, powerless &c. 158; irrelevant &c. 10.


<-- many of these words apply to people, and should be under traits, but enough are of general meaning to be included here -->

#176. Tendency.-- N. {{has_subtype(influence)}}.

tendency, proneness, proclivity, bent, turn, tone, bias, prejudice, set, leaning to, predisposition, inclination, propensity, susceptibility; aptness, aptitude; cast, vein, grain; humor, mood.

{{conceptual_part_of}} quality, nature, temperament; idiocrasy[obs3], idiosyncrasy.

{{similar_to}} drift &c. (direction) 278.

{{similar_to}} conatus[Lat], nisus[Lat]; liability &c. 177.

{{caused_by}} conduciveness, conducement[obs3].

applicability &c. (utility) 644; subservience &c. (instrumentality) 631.

V. tend, contribute, conduce, lead, dispose, incline, verge, bend to, trend, affect, carry, redound to, bid fair to, gravitate towards.

promote &c. (aid) 707.



Adj. tending &c. v.; conducive, working towards, in a fair way to, calculated to; liable &c. 177; subservient &c. (instrumental) 631; useful &c. 644; subsidiary &c. (helping) 707.

Adv. for, whither.
<-- ability to be influenced by something -->

#177. Liability.-- N. liability, liableness[obs3]; possibility, contingency.

susceptibility, sensitivity, sensitiveness, susceptivity[obs3]; exposure.

{{has_subtype: P2.2.1.2, instability, physical susceptibility}}.

{{has_conceptual_part: possibility, R470; probability, R472}}.

{{has_conceptual_part: change, R140}}.

V. be -liable &c. adj.; incur, lay oneself open to; run the chance, stand a chance; lie under, expose oneself to, open a door to.

Adj. liable, subject; in danger &c. 665; open, open to, exposed to, obnoxious to[obs2]; answerable; not exempt from, unexempt from[obs3]; apt to; dependent on; incident to.

contingent, incidental, possible, in the cards, on the cards, within range of, at the mercy of.


A7.6 COMBINATIONS OF CAUSES....R178 to R179

<--- 178. Concurrence 179. Counteraction

-->

#178. Concurrence.-- N. concurrence, coincidence, conjunction; cooperation, cooperativity, coagency[obs3]; union; agreement &c. 23; consilience[obs3]; consent, coincidence &c. (assent) 488; alliance.

common cause.

{{similar_to: cooperation, concert, additivity, synergy &c. 709}}.

{{similar_to: joining, &c. 43}}.

{{similar_to: combination &c. 48}}.

[ref: partnership &c. (party) 712, @P2.3.2.3.1.5 Human groups].



V. concur, conjoin, conduce, conspire, contribute; agree, unite; hang together, pull together, join forces, make common cause &c. (cooperate) 709; help to &c. (aid) 707.

keep pace with, run parallel; go with, go along with, go hand in hand with, coincide.



Adj. concurring &c. v.; concurrent, in alliance with, banded together, of one mind, at one with, coinciding.

Adv. with one consent.
<-- we want the general concept of antagonism located here, but the specific human actions related to competition to be at R720 and opposition at R708. Roget refers to the R708 entry as "voluntary opposition ".

The difference between contrariety R14, and antagonism is that contrariety is a property of the two things which are antagonistic, and therefore is listed here as a cause of antagonism. When antagonism is a visible result, it can also be said to be a manifestation of contrariety.

-->

#179. Counteraction.-- N. counteraction, antagonism, opposition; clashing &c. v.; collision, interference, inhibition, resistance, renitency, friction; reaction.

{{&manifestation_of: contrariety, polarity, R14}}.

{{&caused_by: contrariety, polarity, R14}}.

retroaction &c. (recoil) 277; counterblast; neutralization &c. (compensation) 30; vis inertiae[Lat].

{{has_subtype(resistance): voluntary resistance &c. 719}}.

repression &c. (restraint) 751.

opposites, action and reaction, yang and yin, yang-yin (contrariety) 14.

{[in_subject(biochemistry/enzymology)]} inhibition, antagonism; competitive inhibition; non-competitive inhibition; uncompetitive inhibition.

{[in_subject(biochemistry/enzymology)]} {{property_of(inhibition): inhibitor, antagonist}}.

{{has_subtype: opposition, voluntary opposition, R708, @M8.2 Antagonism}}.

{[in_subject(medicine)]} {{property_of}} antidote; remedy; antacid.

{[in_subject(chemistry)]} {{property_of}} buffer, neutralizer.

{{has_subtype: competition, R720}}.

{{&has_conceptual_part: check &c. (hindrance) 706}}.

{{&has_conceptual_part(plan)}} {{has_subtype(counteraction)}} countermeasure, counterblow, counterattack.

V. counteract; run counter, clash, cross; interfere with, conflict with; contravene; jostle; go against, run against, beat against, militate against; stultify; antagonize, block, oppose &c. 708; traverse; withstand &c. (resist) 719; hinder &c. 706; repress &c. (restrain) 751; react &c. (recoil) 277.

undo, neutralize; counterpoise &c. (compensate) 30; overpoise[obs3].



Adj. counteracting &c. v.; antagonistic, conflicting, retroactive, renitent, reactionary; contrary &c. 14.

Adv. although &c. 30; in spite of &c. 708; against.

Phr. "for every action there is a reaction, equal in force and opposite in direction" [Newton].
<--

------------------------------------------

[End of Abstract Relations]
=============== P = PHYSICAL UNIVERSE =============================

-->

P. Physical Universe

P1. Dimensions of existence of matter

P1.1 Time (R106 to R139)

P1.1.1 ABSOLUTE TIME ....R106 to R115

<-- 106. Time 107. Neverness
Definite Indefinite

108. Period 109. Course

108a. Contingent Duration

110. Diuturnity 111. Transientness

112. Perpetuity 113. Instantaneity

114. Chronometry 115. Anachronism

-->[[time]]



<-- time in the abstract, point in time and time interval are intertwined here -->

#106. Time. -- N. time, duration; period, term, stage, space, span, spell, season.

the whole time, the whole period; space-time; course &c. 109.

snap.

interval, intermediate time, while, interim, pendency[obs3]; intervention, intermission, intermittence, interregnum, interlude; meantime, meanwhile.



{{has_subtype(cessation, R142)}} {{has_subtype(interval): pause, respite &c. R142}}.

era, epoch; time of life, age, year, date; decade &c. (period) 108; moment, &c. (instant) 113.

{{has_units: period, R108}}.

{{has_metaphor}} glass of time, sands of time, march of time, Father Time, ravages of time; arrow of time; river of time, whirligig of time, noiseless foot of time; scythe; hourglass.



V. continue last endure, go on, remain, persist; intervene; elapse &c. 109; hold out.

take time, take up time, fill time, occupy time.

pass time, pass away time, spend time, while away time, consume time, talk against time; tide over; use time, employ time; seize an opportunity &c. 134; waste time &c. (be inactive) 683.

Adj. continuing &c. v.; on foot; permanent &c. (durable) 110

Adv. while, whilst, during, pending; during the time, during the interval; in the course of.

then, at that point, at that point in time.

in the time of, when.

meantime, meanwhile; in the meantime, in the interim; for the time being, between now and then; ad interim, pendente lite[Lat]; de die in diem[Lat].



from day to day, day by day; from hour to hour &c.; hourly, always; for a time, for a season.

till, until, up to, till then

yet, as far as, by that time, so far, hereunto, heretofore, prior to this, up to this point.

the whole time, all the time; all along; throughout &c. (completely) 52; for good &c. (diuturnity)[obs3] R110.

hereupon, thereupon, whereupon; then; anno Domini; A.D.; ante Christum; A.C.; before Christ; B.C.; anno urbis conditae[Lat]; A.U.C.; anno regni[Lat]; A.R.; once upon a time, one fine morning, one fine day, one day, once.

Phr. time flies, tempus fugit [Lat.]; time runs out, time runs against, race against time, racing the clock, time marches on, time is of the essence; "time and tide wait for no man".

ad calendas Groecas[Lat]; "panting Time toileth after him in vain" [Johnson]; "'gainst the tooth of time and razure of oblivion "[Measure for Measure]; " rich with the spoils of time" [Gray]; tempus edax rerum [Lat][Horace]; "the long hours come and go" [C.G. Rossetti]; "the time is out of joint" [Hamlet]; "Time rolls his ceaseless course" [Scott]; "Time the foe of man's dominion" [Peacock]; "time wasted is existence, used is life" [Young]; truditur dies die [Lat][Horace]; volat hora per orbem [Lat][Lucretius]. ; carpe diem[Lat: seize the day].

<-- shift includes the concept R108a (Contingent Duration.-- Adv. during pleasure,) from the 1911 Roget -->

#106a. Shift. [work period] -- N. {{has_subtype(interval, @R106)}}.

{{has_temporal_part(employment, work)}} shift, duty.

{{property_of(alternation)}} turn; round.

tenure.


{{has_subtype(shift)}} {{property_of(alternation)}} split shift; swing shift; night shift; day shift.

{{has_subtype(duty)}} guard duty.

{{has_temporal_part(guard duty)}} watch.

{[in_frame(military)]} hitch, enistment; tour of duty.



V. take one's turn, work a shift; be on duty.

spell one.



Adj. on duty, on.

{{antonym(on duty)}} off duty, off.



Adv. during pleasure, during good behavior; quamdiu se bene gesserit[Latin].

#107. Neverness. -- N. "neverness", timelessness; absence of time, no time; dies non; Tib's eve; Greek Kalends, a blue moon.

Adj. timeless.

[ref: eternal].



Adv. never, ne'er[contr]; at no time, at no period.

{{has_metaphor}} on the second Tuesday of the week, a cold day in Hell, when Hell freezes over.

on no occasion, never in all one's born days, nevermore; in no degree.

{[in_frame(parliamentary procedure)]} without date, sine die.



#108. [Definite duration, or portion of time.] Period. -- N. {{has_units(time, R106)}} {{has_subtype(interval)}}.

period, time interval, interval of time; unit of time.

{{has_large_quantity(time)}}{{has_temporal_part(the past, R122)}} age, era.

{{has_large_quantity(time)}} eon; epoch; cycle.

{{measures(chronometer, clock, &c. P2.3.1.3.12.3.4)}} {{has_small_quantity(time)}} second; millisecond; microsecond; nanosecond, picosecond, femtosecond.

{{measures(chronometer, clock, &c. P2.3.1.3.12.3.4)}} minute; hour.

day; week; month, calendar month.

lunation[obs3], moon, lunar month.

{{has_large_quantity(time)}} season; quarter.

{{has_large_quantity(time)}} year; fiscal year.

{{has_large_quantity(time)}} decade, decenniumm; lustrum[obs3]; quinquennium; lifetime, generation; ghurry[obs3].

{{has_large_quantity(time)}} century, millennium; annus magnus[Lat].

{{has_instance(age)}} prehistory, prehistoric times.

{{has_instance(season)}} winter; spring; summer; fall, autumn.

{{has_temporal_part(prehistory)}} stone age; iron age; bronze age.

{{has_instance(age)}} Golden Age; middle ages, dark ages, medeival times; the rennaissance, the Italian renaissance; the enlightenment; the Age of Reason.



Adj. horary[obs3]; hourly, annual &c. (periodical) 138.
#109. [Indefinite duration.] Course. -- N. corridors of time, sweep of time, vesta of time[obs3], course of time, progress of time, process of time, succession of time, lapse of time, flow of time, flux of time, stream of time, tract of time, current of time, tide of time, march of time, step of time, flight of time; duration &c. 106.

[Indefinite time] aorist.



V. elapse, lapse, flow, run, proceed, advance, pass; roll on, wear on, press on; flit, fly, slip, slide, glide; run its course.

out; expire; go by, pass by; be -past &c. 122.



Adj. elapsing &c. v.; aoristic, aorist; progressive.

Adv. in due time, in due season; in in due course, in due process, in the fullness of time; in time.

Phr. labitur et labetur [Lat][Horace]; truditur dies die [Lat][Horace]; fugaces labuntur anni [Lat][Horace]; "tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow creeps in this petty pace from day to day" [Macbeth].
#110. [Long duration.] Longevity. -- N. longevity, diuturnity[obs3]; a long time, a length of time; an age, a century, an eternity; slowness &c. 275; perpetuity &c. 112.

durableness, durability; persistence, endlessness, lastingness &c. adj.[obs3].

{{property_of(continuity, R69)}} continuance, standing.

permanence &c. (stability) 150.

survival, survivance[obs3]; longevity &c. (age) 128; distance of time.

protraction of time, prolongation of time, extension of time; delay &c. (lateness) 133.

{{has_metaphor}} blue moon, coon's age [U.S.], dog's age.

{{&caused_by}} steadfastness, stubbornness.

{{has_high_intensity: perpetuity &c. R112}}.

V. last, endure, stand, stay, remain, abide, continue, brave a thousand years.

linger, tarry &c. (be late) 133; drag on, drag its slow length along, drag a lengthening chain.

protract, prolong, extend; spin out, eke out, draw out, drag out, lengthen out, stretch out.

temporize; gain time, make time, talk against time.

{{similar_to(exceed, R33)}} {{result_of(remainder, R40)}} outlast, outlive; survive; live to fight again.

{{similar_to}} go the distance, complete the course.



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