Hiv testing and counselling for women attending child health clinics: An opportunity for entry to prevent mother-to-child transmission and hiv treatment. Author
Lessening the burden of HIV / AIDS
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- Letting them fail: government neglect and the right to education for children affected by AIDS. Abstract
- Male circumcision for HIV prevention: Research implications for policy and programming WHO / UNAIDS technical consultation 6 -- 8 March 2007 conclusions and recommendations (excerpts).
- Missing the target. Off target for 2010: how to avoid breaking the promise of universal access. Update to ITPCs AIDS treatment report from the frontlines. Abstract
- Models of Care Project. Linking HIV / AIDS treatment, care and support in sexual and reproductive health care settings: examples in action. Abstract
- Newer approaches to HIV prevention [editorial]. Source
- Prevention and Treatment Access (PTA): a comprehensive HIV / AIDS program for Kenyan teachers. Award Number 623-A-00-05-00006-00. Final performance report. Abstract
- Quantification workbook for GOK NASCOP ARVs. Abstract
- Refocusing on HIV prevention. Operations research in Kenya and South Africa targets key populations. Source
- Rescued from the grip of death. Source
- Responding to HIV / AIDS through health system strengthening: results and lessons. Abstract
- Reuniting families. Source
- Shaping childrens future. Source
- Statement on Kenyan and Ugandan trial findings regarding male circumcision and HIV. Male circumcision reduces the risk of becoming infected with HIV, but does not provide complete protection.
- UN System HIV workplace programmes. HIV prevention, treatment and care for UN System employees and their families. Abstract
- Paediatric HIV and neurodevelopment in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Author
- Mens condom use in higher-risk sex: Trends and determinants in five Sub-Saharan countries. Author
- Male circumcision in Siaya and Bondo Districts, Kenya: prospective cohort study to assess behavioral disinhibition following circumcision. Auhthor
Lessening the burden of HIV / AIDS. Source: Ray of Hope: A Newsletter of the Hope for African Children Initiative. 2006 Mar; 10. Abstract: Every Friday, Members of Tupendane Support Group gather at the Fish Group Office in Manyatta Sub-location in Kisumu to make aloe vera soap. Tupendane is a Swahili word for "let's love one another" and the members try to live up to the name by assisting one another in difficult times. Brought to together by a common goal -- to prevent early death from HIV/AIDS and support their families -- the group has learnt to work as a solid unit. "When we meet, we share our experiences and give one another a shoulder to lean on. This has helped strengthen our group and lessen the burden of HIV/AIDS on individual members,'' says Rachel Nyagweth, a member of the group. The Group, founded by the Fish Group and benefiting from HACI support, brings together forty people living with HIV/AIDS. According to Rachel, a resident of Kano Kasule Village in Kisumu's Winam Division, the group provides invaluable support to people infected with the HIV virus. "When I tested positive for HIV in 2004, I thought my world would crumble. I lost hope and started worrying about how my neighbors and friends would react to the news. However, the support group gave me the hope to live and the resolve to defy early death. Now I am alive and I want to see my children complete their studies,'' says Rachel, a mother of five who lost her husband to the virus in 2003. (excerpt Letting them fail: government neglect and the right to education for children affected by AIDS. Abstract: This report is based on detailed interviews with dozens of children affected by HIV/AIDS and their caregivers in three sub-Saharan African countries--Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda. Their testimonies revolve around a common theme: neglect and abuse within families, in communities, and by schools and governments have hindered AIDS-affected children's ability to enroll, remain, or advance in school. Children whose parents were terminally ill dropped out of school to act as caregivers to their parents and younger siblings. The successive death of multiple family members to HIV/AIDS led to the gradual erosion of children's extended-family safety net, resulting in inadequate financial support for schooling. Parental illness or exploitation by subsequent caregivers led children to work long hours to offset lost family income or provide basic sustenance. The stigma associated with HIV led to taunting by peers, and made it difficult for children to communicate with their teachers about illness or death in the family. Children who were themselves HIV-positive experienced prolonged absences from school due to ill-health, poor access to essential medicines, and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination. (excerpt) Male circumcision for HIV prevention: Research implications for policy and programming WHO / UNAIDS technical consultation 6 -- 8 March 2007 conclusions and recommendations (excerpts). Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2007 May; 15(29):11-14. Abstract: A number of observational studies indicate that circumcised men have lower levels of HIV infection than uncircumcised men. On 13 December 2006, the US National Institutes of Health announced that two trials assessing the impact of male circumcision on HIV risk would be stopped on the recommendation of the Data Safety and Monitoring Board. The trials being carried out in Kisumu, Kenya, and Rakai District, Uganda revealed at least a 53% and 51% reduction in risk of acquiring HIV infection, respectively. These results support findings published in 2005 from the South Africa Orange Farm Intervention Trial, sponsored by the French National Agency for Research on AIDS, which demonstrated at least a 60% reduction in HIV infection among men who were circumcised. WHO and UNAIDS convened an international consultation to review the results of the three randomised controlled trials and other evidence on male circumcision and HIV prevention, to discuss the policy and programme implications, and to make recommendations regarding public health issues. This document summarizes the principal conclusions and recommendations of the meeting. The international consultation was attended by experts representing a wide range of stakeholders, including government representatives, researchers, civil society representatives, gender experts, human rights and women's health advocates, young people, funding agencies and implementing partners. (excerpt) Missing the target. Off target for 2010: how to avoid breaking the promise of universal access. Update to ITPC's AIDS treatment report from the frontlines. Abstract: Actions by governments and multilateral institutions over the last year helped lay the foundation for gradual expansion of AIDS treatment access. Yet the world is on a trajectory that will fall significantly short of the internationally endorsed universal access goal for 2010, leaving millions without lifesaving care and hundreds of thousands of people with HIV/AIDS facing the prospect of imminent death. In December 2005, the "3 by 5" initiative came to an end, having helped spur treatment expansion but falling 1.7 million people below its goal. In the wake of this failure the international community has made new promises, developed new plans, and is experimenting with new systems of operating. Despite these positive developments, no one should be fooled that the current pace or magnitude of the response will come close to achieving the universal access pledge that will be solemnly reaffirmed at the UNGASS Review meeting in May 2006. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 600,000 more people gained treatment access in 2005. At that rate fewer than half of those who need AIDS treatment will have access in 2010. An international alliance of civil society advocates has called for setting a new global AIDS treatment target of "10 by 10" - 10 million people accessing treatment by 2010. But the international community seems to have gone out of its way to avoid setting explicit global treatment targets that would focus attention on specific outcomes, acknowledge the responsibilities of global institutions as well as countries, and drive accountability. (excerpt) Models of Care Project. Linking HIV / AIDS treatment, care and support in sexual and reproductive health care settings: examples in action. Abstract: IPPF wishes to showcase different models using a variety of entry points to bring SRH closer to HIV/AIDS. The three types of examples in action covered in this booklet use these entry points: Better linking of prevention and care through providing ARVs and opportunistic infection (OI) services (our case studies on the Dominican Republic, Kenya and Rwanda); Working with and developing programmes to reach specific populations (our case study on Colombia); Strengthening programming to address HIV/AIDS vulnerability and young people (our youth course). (excerpt) Newer approaches to HIV prevention [editorial]. Source: Lancet. 2007 Feb 24; 369(9562):615. Abstract: The publication of two randomised trials in today's Lancet signals a new era for HIV prevention. The studies, in Uganda and Kenya, show that male circumcision halves the risk of adult males contracting HIV through heterosexual intercourse. This success is extremely welcome news. The results of these trials, along with the findings of a preliminary South African trial published in 2005, now provide a solid evidence-base to inform health policy. Large-scale implementation of male circumcision has the potential to substantially reduce HIV transmission, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. But, as an accompanying Comment and Viewpoint highlight, this new intervention presents many opportunities but also raises many questions. One such question is the effect of male circumcision on women. Initially, wide-scale implementation of male circumcision will lower HIV infection in men. But modelling studies suggest that over time women could benefit from an effect similar to the herd immunity seen with mass immunisation. Male circumcision might also directly protect against male-to-female transmission of HIV. A trial to test this hypothesis is under way in Uganda, with results expected in 2008. (excerpt) Prevention and Treatment Access (PTA): a comprehensive HIV / AIDS program for Kenyan teachers. Award Number 623-A-00-05-00006-00. Final performance report. Abstract: The Prevention and Treatment Access (PTA) project of the American Federation of Teachers Educational Foundation (AFTEF) is a public-private partnership designed to increase the capacity of the Kenya National Union of Teachers (KNUT) to address HIV and AIDS issues among teachers and learners in Kenya. The two year project begun in November 2004 was extended by five months for the purpose of conducting an end-of-project evaluation, which was completed in March 2007. The project ended on April 30, 2007. In addition to providing direct technical assistance to KNUT, several joint interventions were used to achieve the project goal, including: establishing teacher peer education (study circles) in 647 primary, secondary and teacher training colleges in 14 high risk administrative districts (Meru Central, Busia, Malindi, Bondo, Kakamega, Machakos, Garrisa, Nairobi, Kericho, Uasin Gishu, Kirinyaga, Kisumu, Nakuru and Mombasa); training and supporting head teachers, principles and teachers implementing theMinistry of Education's policy on HIV and AIDS in 636 educational institutions; conducting a national HIV and AIDS policy advocacy campaign under the leadership of the KNUT National Executive Council; and, integrating HIV and AIDS issues into KNUT negotiations with the Ministry of Education (MOE) and the Teachers Service Commission (TSC). (excerpt) Quantification workbook for GOK NASCOP ARVs. Abstract: This quantification workbook is a tool to assist the pharmacy staff at Coast Provincial General Hospital (CPGH) to quantify needs of ARVs for the GOK ART Program. The workbook is designed to take the pharmacy staff through the process step by step. Each step has a table to be completed which either requires data to be collected or a calculation to be done. Some of the tables require data to be collected over a number of months (usually the last six months). It is anticipated that during the scale up phase that CPGH will place an order for ARVs every month – therefore a quantification workbook will be completed every month. Use the data collected for the previous workbook to complete the data collection tables for each new workbook to minimise work. Some of the calculations e.g. for estimating the quantities needed for new patients, will not need to be done every month. Once the program has stabilised you can use the same estimates from month to month making adjustments for fluctuations in recruitment if needed. It is suggested that you review this data every 3 to 6 months after the program has stabilised. When instructed to round up or down to the nearest whole number, for numbers where the first decimal place is 0.5 or higher round up (e.g. for 6.7 round up to 7) and where the first decimal place is less than 0.5 round down (e.g. for 3.3 round down to 3). When instructed to round up or down to 2 decimal places, for numbers where the third decimal place is 0.005 or higher round up (e.g. for 1.008 round up to 1.01) and where the third decimal place is less than 0.005 round down (e.g. for 0.033 round down to 0.03) (excerpt) Refocusing on HIV prevention. Operations research in Kenya and South Africa targets key populations. Source: Horizons Report. 2005 Dec; [2] p. Abstract: In 2005 AIDS claimed another 3 million lives, and it relentlessly threatens millions more. Despite global and national efforts to quell the pandemic, 40.3 million people are currently living with HIV--the highest level ever. Nearly 5 million new cases occur each year, with almost every region of the world reporting increasing numbers. Yet amid the grim statistics there are some encouraging signs. Although far below the World Health Organization's target goal of reaching 3 million people by 2005, about one million people in low- to middle-income countries are receiving antiretroviral therapy, which has prevented an estimated 250,000 to 300,000 deaths this year. Further, a few countries, including Kenya and Zimbabwe, were able to lower their HIV prevalence rates through a heavy investment in prevention programs. (excerpt) Rescued from the grip of death. Source: Ray of Hope: A Newsletter of the Hope for African Children Initiative. 2006 Mar; 2. Abstract: Grace Aoko Onyango's story is heartbreaking. Since 1999, her family has been stalked by death, which has claimed her husband, daughter, cowife, and her brother in-law and his wife. With too many graves around her house, she had to move to a new place to escape the curse of death. According to her Luo culture, one is not supposed to live near a graveyard lest he or she dies too. No sooner had she settled in her new home than the spell of sickness started afflicting her. Grace knew her co-wife, husband and two women he had inherited had died of HIV/AIDS. So when she fell ill, she knew her turn to die had come. "My illness defied all forms of treatment and I knew I would soon die,'' she says. (excerpt) Responding to HIV / AIDS through health system strengthening: results and lessons. Abstract: Strengthening health systems is essential to establish, expand, and sustain preventive and curative services for HIV/AIDS. There has been a lack of recognition and understanding of the links between the provision of HIV/AIDS services and the broader health system requirements to ensure an effective response to the epidemic over the long term. PHRplus has contributed to the fight against HIV/AIDS by: Providing policymakers with tools and technical assistance to design programs and mobilize resources needed to mount responses to combat HIV/AIDS; Building financial analysis skills to improve effective use of scarce resources; Increasing access to HIV/AIDS services through community-based health financing (CBHF); Assisting countries with their proposals to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis (TB) and Malaria (Global Fund); Promoting evidence-based antiretroviral treatment (ART) policy development in low-resource countries; and Studying the effects of the sudden surge in donor funding for HIV/AIDS on country health systems. (excerpt) Reuniting families. Source: Ray of Hope: A Newsletter of the Hope for African Children Initiative. 2006 Mar; 11. Abstract: George Owino's wife ran away when he became very ill and he was left alone, bedridden and heart-broken. He lost all hope and thought he would die soon. For days, he led a solitary life in his hut, wondering when his time to die would come. "It was the most difficult time in my life. I lost a lot of weight and I knew only God's intervention would save me from dead,'' says George. However, when volunteers of DADRA, a HACI-supported community-based organization in Migori District of Kenya's Nyanza Province learnt of his predicament, they helped nurse him back to health and assisted him get back his wife. "DADRA is a good friend. It not only stood by me when I was going through difficult times, but it also helped me get back my wife. Through counseling, my wife and I have been able to have a harmonious relationship once again," he says. Today, George has turned into voluntary work, assisting people affected by HIV/AIDS. "I realized that if it were not for DADRA, I would be dead by now. It gave me hope when I thought my world had collapsed, and I feel obliged to assist those who are facing tough situations, especially those infected with HIV/AIDS.'' (excerpt Shaping children's future. Source: Ray of Hope: A Newsletter of the Hope for African Children Initiative. 2006 Mar; 9. Abstract: When Tom Omondi Oselu joined the Fish Group, a church-based organization in western Kenya's Kisumu City, his motive was to benefit from its spiritual and social guidance. "Members of the Fish Group were always associated with good virtues and deeds and I wanted to be like them,'' he says. Ten years later, Oselu has found himself with the daunting task of not only transferring the good virtues to the youth, but also providing guidance as well as emotional and psychological support to children impacted by HIV/AIDS. Everyday, he sets out in the morning to homes and schools to see the children, some of whom have no adults to look up to for guidance and protection. "Most orphans have a lot of problems. They often go without food, and suffer emotional and psychological problems, which are exacerbated by lack of parental guidance and protection. Even those who are lucky enough to go to school always lag behind in their school work because of numerous challenges which take away their attention from class work,'' he says. (excerpt) Statement on Kenyan and Ugandan trial findings regarding male circumcision and HIV. Male circumcision reduces the risk of becoming infected with HIV, but does not provide complete protection. Abstract: The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS and its Cosponsors, WHO, UNFPA, UNICEF and the World Bank, note with considerable interest today's announcement by the US National Institutes of Health that two trials assessing the impact of male circumcision on HIV risk are being stopped on the recommendation of the NIH Data Safety and Monitoring Board (DSMB). The two trials, funded by the US National Institutes of Health, were carried out in Kisumu, Kenya, among men aged 18-24 years and in Rakai, Uganda, among men aged 15-49 years. The trials, which completed enrolment of patients in 2005, were stopped by the DSMB evaluating the results of interim analyses. The role of the DSMB is to assess progress of the trials and recommend whether to continue, modify or terminate them. Although no detailed results have been released at this time, the National Institutes of Health statement makes it clear that the studies are being stopped because they revealed an approximate halving of risk of HIV infection in men who were circumcised. The results support the findings of the South Africa Orange Farm Intervention Trial, funded by the French Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA (ANRS) and published in late 2005, which demonstrated at least a 60% reduction in HIV infection among circumcised men. (excerpt UN System HIV workplace programmes. HIV prevention, treatment and care for UN System employees and their families. Abstract: Today, more than 20 years since the first cases of HIV infection were recognized, the epidemic continues to expand relentlessly. Despite early and ongoing efforts to contain its spread and to find a cure, 20 million people have died and an estimated 40.3 million people worldwide are living with HIV. In the latter half of 2004, the number of people on antiretroviral therapy in low-income and transitional countries increased dramatically, but still only about 12% of the 5.8 million people in developing and transitional countries who need treatment are getting treatment. The far-reaching social and economic consequences of the epidemic are having an impact on individuals, communities and the workplace. The UN, like many employers all over the world, is faced with major challenges related to the direct and indirect costs of the epidemic: increasing medical costs, absenteeism related to illness, high staff turnover, increasing recruitment and training costs, strained labour relations and the ever-increasing erosion of human capital. Many UN staff come from and/or work in countries with high HIV prevalence and perform duties that may put them at increased risk of exposure to the virus. The UN recognizes its duty as a socially responsible employer and has thus committed to protecting the rights of its staff by making HIV in the UN workplace a priority. (excerpt Paediatric HIV and neurodevelopment in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Author: Abubakar, A.; Van Baar, A.; Van de Vijver, F. J.; Holding, P., and Newton, C. R. Source: Trop Med Int Health. 2008 Jul; 13(7):880-7. Abstract: Objective: To determine the degree of motor, cognitive, language and social-emotional impairment related to HIV infection in children living in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods: Literature searches using MEDLINE and PsycINFO. Additionally, the reference lists of previous reviews were checked to ensure that all eligible studies were identified. Cohen's d, a measure of effect size, was computed to estimate the level of impairment. Results: Six reports met the inclusion criteria. In infancy a consistent delay in motor development was observed with a median value of Cohen's d = 0.97 at 18 months, indicating a severe degree of impairment. Mental development showed a moderate delay at 18 months, with a median value d = 0.67. Language delay did not appear until 24 months of age, d = 0.91. Less clear findings occurred in older subjects. Conclusion: Although HIV has been shown to affect all domains of child functioning, motor development is the most apparent in terms of severity, early onset, and persistence across age groups. However, motor development has been the most widely assessed domain while language development has been less vigorously evaluated in SSA, hence an accurate quantitative estimate of the effect cannot yet be made. Men's condom use in higher-risk sex: Trends and determinants in five Sub-Saharan countries. Author: Adair, T. Abstract: This paper examines men's condom use at last higher-risk sex (i.e., nonmarital, noncohabiting partner) in five sub-Saharan countries: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Kenya, Tanzania, and Zambia. The two most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in each country are analyzed to show trends in various indicators. Condom use is an important way to prevent the transmission of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Encouragingly, use of condoms has increased substantially in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, and Tanzania, with smaller increases in Kenya and Zambia. At the same time, levels of higher-risk sex have declined in four of the five countries, although use of a condom at last higher-risk sex remains below 50 percent in Kenya and Zambia. Multivariate analysis shows that higher education is a consistently strong, positive predictor of condom use at last higher-risk sex, whereas higher wealth status is not significant in most surveys. Knowledge that use of condoms can reduce the risk of HIV transmission is a consistently strong, positive predictor of condom use, but urban-rural residence and region are significant only in some surveys. Comparing the two most recent DHS surveys in each of the five countries, there are no clear patterns of change in the predictive strength of explanatory variables. However, there is evidence of widening gaps in condom use by level of education in Cameroon and by urban-rural residence in Kenya. One important policy finding that emerged from this study is that low wealth status is not a barrier to condom use in most countries, but lack of education is. (author's) Male circumcision in Siaya and Bondo Districts, Kenya: prospective cohort study to assess behavioral disinhibition following circumcision. Auhthor: Agot, K. E.; Kiarie, J. N.; Nguyen, H. Q.; Odhiambo, J. O.; Onyango, T. M., and Weiss, N. S. Source: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007 Jan 1; 44(1):66-70. Abstract: Background: Evidence for efficacy of male circumcision as an HIV prevention measure is increasing, but there is serious concern that men who are circumcised may subsequently adopt more risky sexual behaviors. Directory: sites -> default -> files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations files -> Nstructions for Acquiring Excess Equipment online, through the 1033 Program files -> Occupational health and safety files -> The Black Panther Party’s Ten Point Program files -> International programs roel profile files -> Fermi Questions a guide for Teachers, Students, and Event Supervisors Lloyd Abrams, Ph. D. DuPont Company, cr&D/ccas experimental Station Wilmington, de 19880 files -> Personal Information Name: Maha Al-Ammari Nationality: Saudi Relationship Status Download 4.05 Mb. Share with your friends:
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