Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question

143

A		C
B		D

144 Caytonia is an extinct plant that existed between 200 and 140 million years ago. It had reproductive structures that resemble structures in modern flowering plants. How do scientists know about the structures of this ancient extinct plant?

145 The map shows where woolly mammoth and Columbian mammoth fossils have been found in North America. What kind of information does this map provide for paleontologists?

146 This food chain can be found in the coastal waters of Virginia. The population of which organisms in the food chain would be the first to decline if commercial fishing over-harvested shrimp?

147 Which of these best describes an organism’s ability to maintain the constant internal conditions necessary for life?

148

F		H
G		J

149

150

F
G
H
J

151

A		C
B		D

152 A biology class wanted to develop a research project to predict the effects of a new highway on

wildflower species found in the Piedmont region of Virginia. The class could best conduct such a study by sampling flowers found in the highway construction area —

F	one year before highway construction begins
G	immediately after highway construction is finished
H	both before and after highway construction is completed
J	during the time highway construction is taking place

153 An example of a biotic factor in the ecosystem shown below is

154 The relationship between a tick and the dog it is biting is called

155 A scientist is examining what happens to rodents and grasses when more hawks are allowed to hunt rodents in a field. What level of ecology is he observing?

156 One way that pesticides have had a negative effect on ecosystems is by

157 A certain kind of protist can digest wood. It lives in the intestines of insects that fly and reproduce rapidly. This can cause problems for the

158 The student below is concerned with the survival of the plant in his aquarium.

Which level of ecology is his focus?

159 What always occurs when converting wildlife habitats into farmland?

160 The higher the animal in a food chain for a particular ecosystem, the greater the concentrations of toxins found in the animal’s body. This is often the result of

161 Which describes a group of organisms that belong to the same species and live in the same area?

162 A fish species lives in the coral-like tentacles of a primitive invertebrate. Scientists believe that fish droppings and scraps of food provide nutrients for the invertebrate. What additional information would make this a mutualistic relationship?

163 In which set is a biotic factor paired with an abiotic factor?

164 A biology class is conducting a year-long field study on animals in a nearby pond. The chart below shows each group’s topic.

		Group	Topic
		I	Competition among turtles for mates
		II	The predator-prey relationship between turtles and fish
		III	Length of time required by frogs to complete metamorphosis
		IV	The effects of water temperature on the hatching success of toad eggs

165 Which biome has the greatest amount of biodiversity?

166 Which question could a student investigate to determine the effects of a biotic factor on a pond community?

168 How do exergonic reactions differ from endergonic reactions?

169 Which technology was specifically developed to lessen the effects of human population growth on the environment?

170 What is a difference in how primary and secondary succession begin?