Int’l cps- brag lab- wave 1 Theory

Icebreakers

China is making investments in new icebreaking tech—China has better icebreakers than the US

The United States, Russia, Canada and other countries near the Arctic have claim upon it, but China? Whether it does or not, Paul McLeary writes in World Politics Review, it’s making its move. The notable holdout on climate-emissions cutbacks has been expanding its navy and its quest for resources and land from Latin America to Africa to the Middle East. Now this:¶ … It’s not what China has done so far, but instead what it appears to be planning to do, that has raised eyebrows among members of the Arctic Council [the federation of Arctic powers].¶ Specifically, not only does the Beijing government operate the world’s largest non-nuclear icebreaker — the Xuelong (Snow Dragon), purchased from Ukraine in 1993 — but in October 2009, China’s State Council declared that that Xuelong needed “brothers and sisters,” approving construction of a $300 million Chinese-built icebreaker expected to be operational in 2013. Between the two ships, China will have larger and more modern icebreakers than either the United States or Canada. While the new vessel is smaller than the Xuelong, with a displacement of 8,000 tons to the Xuelong’s 21,000 tons, its construction is a bold statement from a country that would benefit from the seasonal shipping lanes many expect to open up over the next several decades, as well as from the possibility of future oil and gas extraction in the unclaimed far north.¶ China- and Arctic-watchers have also noted that the new Chinese Embassy in Reykjavík, Iceland, will be the largest in the capital, and that the Chinese have been making investment overtures in the country since the island nation’s economy collapsed in 2008. The Chinese, as usual, have been circumspect about all of this activity.

China can build icebreakers and is making new tech improvements to its newest ship

China Daily 14 [China Daily is an English-language daily newspaper published in the People's Republic of China, 1/6/14, “New icebreaker planned by 2016: officials”, http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2014-01/06/content_17216619.htm] alla

China expects to build its new icebreaker before 2016, government officials said, as the veteran Xuelong, or Snow Dragon, remains stuck in Antarctic ice after rescuing 52 passengers from a Russian vessel.¶ "The new ship will surpass China's only icebreaker, the Xuelong, in scientific research and ice-breaking ability, greatly improving the country's polar research capability," Qu Tanzhou, director of the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration under the State Oceanic Administration, said on Sunday.¶ The new icebreaker will be designed mainly for field research, instead of transporting supplies, and it will have a better power system plus larger decks and laboratories, making it a "mobile research station", Qu said.¶ It will be shorter and have blades at the bow and a stern that will be able to break ice up to 1.5 meters thick, about 0.4 meters more than the Xuelong can handle.¶ The design contract, which cost more than $613 million, was signed with Aker Arctic Technology of Finland in 2012, and it will be built by a Chinese shipyard, the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration said.¶ According to the preliminary design, the vessel will be 100 to 120 meters long and about 24 meters wide, and it will displace 8,000 metric tons.¶ The ship, which will have a crew of 90, will have a cruising radius of 37,000 km, and it will be fitted with twin propeller drives.¶ One icebreaker cannot meet China's increasing demand for polar expeditions, scientists and experts said.

MH370

Chinese deep sea vessels can find the missing plane

China Daily 14 [China Daily is an English-language daily newspaper published in the People's Republic of China, 4/8/14, “Jiaolong 'up to MH370 salvage task’”, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2014planemissing/2014-04/08/content_17415083.htm] alla

China's deep-sea manned submersible Jiaolong is capable of salvaging the black box flight recorders from the missing Malaysia Airlines jet, according to an official.¶ Liu Feng, director of the National Deep Sea Center, a government-funded organization in charge of the submersible's management and maintenance, said Jiaolong is ready for the salvage operation.¶ Chinese patrol ship Haixun 01 picked up electronic pulse signals in the Indian Ocean on Friday and Saturday.¶ Liu said that after the black boxes from flight MH370 are located Jiaolong can play an important role in salvage work and in evaluating deep-sea conditions.¶ Xiangyanghong 09, the mother ship of Jiaolong, will start a 40-day scheduled mission to the northwest Pacific in May or June before going to the southwestern Indian Ocean in November.

Tidal Power

Chinese companies are creating new offshore wind farms—small company collaboration solves

MEC Intelligence 14 [MEC Intelligence is a focused market insight company supporting growth by providing high quality actionable insights ¶ for the maritime, energy and cleantech sectors, “Chinese build-up in offshore wind gains momentum

paving way for a global supply chain”, 2/14/14, http://www.mecintelligence.com/uploads/Press%20Release-Offshore%20Wind%20China%20-An%20Insight.pdf] alla

*WTG=Wind Turbine Generator

Interest in developing the industry remains high. Onshore wind developers such as China Longyuan Power Group, ¶ China Datang Renewables, Huaneng New Energy; renewable energy subsidiaries of nuclear generation company ¶ China Guangdong nuclear and hydro power developer China Three Gorges see this as an opportunity for growth. Oil ¶ extraction company CNOOC - has plans to utilize its offshore installation experience into offshore wind and has ¶ announced its plan to develop offshore wind. ¶ ¶ Experience and supply chain is required ¶ The increased optimism of the opportunity must be balanced with the relative nascent stage of the local industry. ¶ Developers, turbine’s component suppliers, foundation suppliers, and installation equipment manufacturers either ¶ currently under-estimate the challenges and timelines or are currently researching new equipment compatible with ¶ local and international requirements. This creates an opportunity for experienced international players to chalk out a ¶ measured strategy and develop co-operative business models along with the right timing to maximise the opportunity ¶ offered by the offshore wind market in China. ¶ ¶ Similar need leads to global opportunity ¶ The European WTGs have been able to develop 5-6 MW capacity turbines, which are considered superior in ¶ technology to their Chinese counterparts. However, the Chinese WTGs operate on a cost-effective model. In China ¶ smaller players such as Shanghai Electric, Dongfang, CSIC Haizhuang & XEMC have developed and currently ¶ testing turbines of 5-6 MW. Top four Chinese suppliers Sinovel, Goldwind, United Power and Ming Yang have also ¶ developed 5-6.5 MW turbines and shown their intent to aggressive research by announcing involvement in R&D of ¶ 10-12 MW capacity. Although, the market is likely to be controlled by local players – the main opportunity for foreign ¶ WTGs and component manufacturers to invest in the Chinese market lies in production and supply of downstream ¶ products such as control systems, power converters and bearings. ¶ ¶ Similarly, in foundations, the needs of the Chinese offshore industry will converge with European foundation ¶ technologies. Most projects so far have come up in the regions closer to shore that require multi-pile foundations (due ¶ to muddy seabed) compared to projects in Europe where mono-pile foundations are typically used for shallow-water ¶ establishments. However, new developments in China are going to push offshore development in deeper waters ¶ creating potential for joint collaboration on jacket and tripod collaboration designs. Two biggest players China ¶ Longyuan Power Group (Developer) and ZPMC (ship construction company) have joined hands to provide overall ¶ offshore wind farm construction equipment and services including foundation and logistics.

China is investing in offshore tidal and wave energy parks—government allocation of funds

China Daily 14[China Daily is an English-language daily newspaper published in the People's Republic of China, 6/9/14, “3 trial parks will harness wave and tidal power”, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2014-06/09/content_17571500.htm] alla

China plans to build three marine renewable-energy trial parks by 2016, to help speed up the commercial expansion of the wave and tidal power industry, a senior official said.¶ "The parks will be developed in Zhuhai, Guangdong province, Zhoushan, Zhejiang province and Weihai, Shandong province, to help accelerate research and development in marine energy technologies," said Kang Jian, deputy director of the science and technology department of the State Oceanic Administration, on the eve of the World Oceans Day. Such parks generate electricity by converting the energy of waves and tides.¶ The site in Zhuhai will be a wave park, where a 300-kilowatt wave farm and a test site will be built, while the Zhoushan site will have a tide farm with a 1 megawatt or more capacity and a test zone.¶ The one in Weihai will be a comprehensive project for wave and tide power, according to the administration.¶ "Once the parks are built, companies and institutions can research and develop marine wave and tide power technologies there and turn them into products," Kang said.¶ Because the parks are still in the design phase, authorities did not disclose the total investment involved.¶ Lian Lian, a researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, applauded the plan, saying the trial parks will be platforms connecting scientists and engineers with users, forming a complete chain from research and development to testing and final application.¶ "These parks will definitely boost the country's science and technology development in marine renewable energy," Lian said.¶ The State Oceanic Administration's latest marine resources survey, released in 2011, estimated that marine energy potential in the coastal areas can reach 1.6 billion kW.¶ The huge potential bodes well for the country's large appetite for energy.¶ As a newcomer to the nascent marine energy industry, China, the world's largest energy consumer, is accelerating its pace in exploring the ocean for the country's future energy supplies.¶ The 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-15) on renewable energy spelled out that by 2015, the country plans to build offshore marine power farms with a total capacity of 50,000 kW, helping lay the foundation for commercial expansion.¶ "Developing marine renewable energy will be on top of our work agenda in the coming years," said Lei Bo, director of the SOA's science and technology department.¶ But because marine energy technology is in an early stage, the large-scale commercial exploration of marine energy cannot be realized before 2030, according to a report released in late May by the National Ocean Technology Center.¶ Kang admitted that the investment in research and development of marine energy technology is huge and said the government needs to take the lead.¶ From 2010, the central government has allocated 800 million yuan ($128 million) for marine energy funding, sponsoring 93 related projects.¶ As one of the sponsored projects, the expansion of the Jiangxia tidal range power station in Zhejiang, operated since 1980, is scheduled to be completed in September. The annual capacity will increase by 200,000 kWh.¶ "It is a good sign that the investment in the marine sector is increasing and the marine economy is playing a role in the country's economic blueprint," Lian said.

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