It was the site of a victorious battle by the Honvéd army units against the Habsburg forces. – B: 1064, 1031, T: 7456. Vác, Bishopric and Chapter of



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Voigt, Vilmos (William) (Szeged, 17 January 1940 - ) – Folklore researcher. In 1963 he obtained a Degree in Ethnography from the University of Budapest. Later, he was a research student at the Folklore Department (1963), a demonstrator (1964), an assistant lecturer (1970), an assistant professor, and from 1979, Professor and Head of the Folklore Department of the University of Budapest. He obtained a Ph.D. in Literature in 1995. He was awarded the Széchenyi professorial scholarship in 1999. He is engaged in the study of comparative philology and the theory of folk poetry. Since 1982, he has been Editor for the publication, Folklore, Folkloristics and Ethnology (Folklór, Folklorisztika és Etnológia) and, since 1989, Editor of the Hungarian Folk Poetry Collection (Magyar Népköltési Gyüjtemény). He has been President of the Hungarian Semiotical Society and Vice-President of the Ethnographic Society. From 1985 to 1988 he edited the journal, Hungarian Studies. He is the author of numerous articles in scientific journals in Hungary and abroad. His works include To the Esthetics of Folklore (A folklór esztétikájához) (1972); Glaube und Inhalt (1976); Introduction to Semiotics (Bevezetés a szemiotikába) (1977), and Suggestions Toward a Theory of Folklore (1999). – B: 1134, 1257, T: 7456.
Voith, Ági (Agnes) (Budapest, 17 March 1944 - ) – Actress. Her mother is actress Agi Mészáros, and her husband is Gyula (Julius) Bodrogi. From 1966, when she finished her studies at the Academy of Dramatic Art, until 1984, she was a member of the Attila József Theater (József Attila Színház). Since 1984, she has played at the Thália Theater (Thália Színház) and the Arizona Theater (Arizóna Színház), Budapest. In 1993 she became a freelance artist. Her acting is characterized by humor, hence she mainly appears in comedies, but she also scored great success in a number of musicals. Her roles include Stéphanie in Barillert-Gredy’s Cactus Flower (A kaktusz virága); the angel in M. Gyárfás’ Forced Landing (Kényszerleszállás); Vica in L. Németh’s Great Family (Nagy család); Marie in Magnier’s A Certain Smile (Mona Marie mosolya); Polly in B. Brecht - K. Weill’s Beggar’s Opera (Koldusopera), and Elisabeth in Schiller’s Maria Stuart. Her feature and TV films include I Usually Don’t Lie (Nem szoktam hazudni) (1966); Old Summer (Régi nyár) (1969); The Caucasian Chalk Circle (Krétakör), manager (1978); Lucky Daniel (Szerencsés Dániel) (1983); Wedding Anniversary (Házassági évforduló) (1970), and Linda - The Satyr (Linda – A szatír) (1984). She is also a recording artist. In 1976 she was awarded the Mari Jászai Prize. – B: 1445, 1031, 1742, T: 7456, 7103.→Mészáros, Ági; Bodrogi, Gyula.
Vojnics, Oszkár (Oscar) (Bajsa, 18 May 1864 - Port Said, Egypt, 18 March 1914) – World traveler, geography writer. His financial circumstances made it possible for him to make several globe-circling trips. He traveled to observe coastal conditions, mainly the effects of volcanoes. He visited Russia's coastal areas, island groups of the Pacific Ocean, India, Burma, the Malay Peninsula, and the Indonesian Archipelago. He photographed more than 50 active volcanoes in Oceania and Asia and wrote descriptions about them. He climbed the smoke-emitting Vesuvius Mountain in 1906, together with his friend, the geologist Lajos (Louis) Lóczy, and witnessed an actual eruption. – B: 0883, 1020, T: 7675.→Lóczy, Lajos Sr.
Vojvodina→Southern Hungary.
Volf, György (George) (Törökbálint, 3 October 1843 - Budapest, 13 September 1897) – Linguist. He completed his higher studies at the University of Budapest; thereafter, from 1872, he worked as a teacher in Buda and, from 1890, he was Director of the Training School of the Teachers’ College of Budapest. In his published works he was mainly engaged in the study of old Hungarian culture and language, and he also studied the correctness of language and the critique of the language reform. He was the editor of the 15-volume work entitled: Collection of Linguistic Records (Nyelvemléktár) (except vols. i, and xv). For a while, he participated in the editing work for the Historical Dictionary (Nyelvtörténeti Szótár). His works also include László Bátori and the Jordánszky Codex (Bátori László és a Jordánszky-Codex) (1879); Old Hungarian Linguistic Records, vols. i,ii, (Régi magyar nyelvemlékek, I-II (1888); The Basis of Hungarian Orthography (A magyar helyesírás alapja) (1894), and The Culture of Hungarians at the Carpathian Conquest Times (A honfoglaló magyarok műveltsége) (1897). – B: 0883, 1257, T: 7456.
Völgyes, Iván (Budapest, 25 August 1936 - ) – Historian. He began his higher studies at the University of Budapest, and completed them at the American University in Washington. He obtained a Ph.D. in History, after which he went to the University of Nebraska to teach European History. His main field of interest is 20th century Central-European and Hungarian History. He worked for Radio Free Europe as an outside consultant under the name István (Stephen) Zuglói. His works in English appeared mainly in American periodicals, dealing with Eastern Europe. His works include Hungary in Revolution, 1918-1919, editor (1971); The Liberated Female: Life, Work and Sex in Socialist Hungary, co-author Nancy Völgyes (1977), and Politics in Eastern Europe (1986). – B: 1672, T: 7456.
Vona, Gábor (Gabriel) (until 2000, Zázrivecz) Gyöngyös, 20 August 1978 - ) – Politician and historian. He comes from a peasant family, and was brought up with strong traditional values. He was influenced by the memory of his grandfather, who was killed in World War II on the Eastern Front, fighting against the Soviet Army. His higher studies were at the University of Budapest, where he obtainined a Degree in Education, majoring in History. After working only for a short time as a teacher, he became a production manager for a security firm. In his university years, he was active in the Christian Student Committee. Later, he became President of the Christian Intellectuals’ Association (Keresztény Értelmiségiek Szövetsége). In 2002, at the invitation of the Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, he joined the Association of Civic Circle for the Nation (Szövetség a Nemzetért Polgári Kör). He was one of the founders of the Conservative Youth Community which, in 2003, was transformed into a political party called “Jobbik, the Movement for a Better Hungary” (Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom) commonly known as Jobbik (the Better One), where Vona became one of the Vice-Presidents, and in 2006 its President. The controversial Hungarian Guard (Magyar Gárda) was also his brainchild, founded in 2007, organized for the protection of the poor and the intimidated. However, later it was banned as a semi-military organzation. Vona succeeded in establishing Jobbik as a patriotic force in Hungarian political life against all odds. His Party had an important victory during the EP election in 2009 and, as a result, the Party was able to send three representatives to the EU Parliament, among them the charismatic human-rights lawyer Krisztina (Christina) Morvai. The support of the party also grew in municipal and in by-elections. At the 2010 Parliamentary election, Jobbik won 47 seats in the Parliament and became the No. 3 Party of the nation. – B: 2006, T: 7103, 7456.→Orbán, Viktor; Morvai, Krisztina; Gaudi-Nagy, Tamás; Political Parties in Hungary.
Vönöczky-Schenk, Jakab (Jacob) (Óverbász, now Stari Vrbas, Serbia, 2 June 1876 - Kőszeg, 22 February 1945) – Zoologist and ornithologist. He began his higher studies at the University of Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania), and completed them between 1896 and 1899 at the University of Budapest. He started work as a mathematician and, inspired by Otto Herman, he became interested in ornithology. In 1898 he worked as an assistant at the Ornithological Institute, Budapest, where he became Acting Director in 1927, and Director in 1933. He studied mainly the problems of bird-migration, and in this field he gained a reputation abroad as well. In 1908 he introduced the practice of bird ringing. Thanks to his nature-conservation activity, the heron colony of Lake Balaton was saved. Near the end of his life, he was engaged in the history of falconry in Hungary, and the study of various falcon species. From 1905 he edited the journal Aquila and, thereby, he developed the international journal exchange. He was elected as member of several Ornithological Societies abroad. His works include The Question of Bird Migration (A madárvonulás kérdése) (1902); The Aves-volume of the work Fauna Regni Hungariae (1917); The Past and Present Nesting Colonies of Herons in Hungary (A kócsag hajdani és jelenlegi telepei Magyarországon) (1918), and Effect of a Lunar Eclipse on Bird Migration (A holdfogyatkozás hatása a madárvonulásra)(1938). – B: 0883, T: 7456.→Herman, Ottó.
Vörös János (John) (Csabrendek, 25 March 1891 - Balatronfüred, 23 July 1968) – Army Officer and politician. He was trained at the Cadet School of Traisskirchen, Austria and, from 1911 he served in the Army of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. At his request, he was transferred to the Hungarian Army, and served in the Seventh Home Defense Artillery Group of Hajmáskér. He fought in World War I at the Eastern Front, and in the Italian Campaign. In 1921 he was Head of the Operational Group of the Chief of Staff. Between the two wars, he served at the Ministry of Defense, and later taught at the Ludovika Royal Military Academy. In 1932, he was appointed Lieutenant-General, Commander of the Second Legion of Székesfehérvár. In 1939-1940 he was Leader of No. 7. Communication Department of the Chief of Staff as Colonel-General. On 1 May 1941, he became Commander of the No.2 Motorized Brigade. He was appointed Chief of Army Staff on 19 March 1944, when the Germans occupied Hungary. Later, he joined the Soviet Army, which had arrived at Hungary's eastern border. He served as Minister of Defense in the Interim National Government, which was led by Béla Miklós Dálnoki. He was one of signatories of the Moscow armistice, as one of the members of the Interim Government delegation. On 1 September 1946, at his own request, he was retired. On 23 July 1949, he was arrested on the charge of spying, and he was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1950. He was released in 1956, and after that he lived desolately and in poor conditions. – B: 0883, 1031, T: 7103.→Dálnoki Miklós, Béla.
Vörösmarty, Mihály (Michael) (Pusztanyék, 1 December 1780 - Pest, 19 November 1855) – Poet and dramatist. He studied in Székesfehérvár and Pest. Following the early death of his father, he took a position as a tutor, in order to support his siblings. He studied Law, but never practiced. He wrote poetry from childhood, and his first poems appeared in print in 1823. In 1825, when his great hexametric epic about the Settlement Period of the Magyars, The Flight of Zalán (Zalán Futása) was published, his name became known nationwide. With this work, he founded the nostalgic, independence-oriented, romantic national epic poetry. After 1826 he lived for literature alone, wrote one epic and lyric poem after another, establishing himself as the founder of modern Hungarian poesy. Between 1827 and 1832, he edited the journal, Scientific Collection (Tudományos Gyüjtemény), and its supplement, Wreath (Koszorú).

Vörösmarty won numerous Academic prizes. In 1830, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences elected him a member. In 1831, he published his favorite work, the charming fairytale play, Csongor and Tünde (Csongor és Tünde). At the same year, he wrote his widely romantic work, Two Neighboring Forts (Két Szomszédvár), in which his extraordinary mastery of language and his flights of fancy, at times bordering on the fantastic, reached its climax.



In 1832, the Academy commissioned him to write a work on the Principal Rules of Hungarian Spelling and Declensions (Magyar Helyesirás és Szóragasztás főbb Szabályai). He excelled with his spiritual portrayal in the poetic narrative Belle Helene (Szép Ilonka), published in 1833. In 1836, he became one of the founders of the Kisfaludy Society. His patriotic poem, Call to the Nation (Szózat), put to music by Béni (Ben) Egressy, became a second national anthem. He wrote many romantic dramas. The new National Theater in Pest opened with his play, The Awakening of Árpád (Árpád Ébredése), in 1837. In 1848, Vörösmarty became a Member of Parliament and an unconditional devotee of Lajos (Louis) Kossuth. After the surrender at Világos in 1849, he had to go into hiding. He received amnesty in 1850. Following these events, he occupied himself solely with translations. However, in 1854, his great poetic inspiration once again revived, and he composed one of the most moving Hungarian lyric rhapsodies, the The Old Gypsy (A Vén Cigány). He translated into Hungarian Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar (1839) and King Lear (1854). He also wrote literary critiques for the paper Atheneum (1837-1843). When he died, the Austrian censorship forbade orations at his graveside. At the funeral, 20,000 Hungarians bade a silent farewell to the greatest master of the Hungarian language. The guardian of his children was “the Sage of the Country” Ferenc (Francis) Deák. He was the greatest Hungarian romantic poet. His inimitably vivid language and the many colors of his rich imagination make it almost impossible to translate into another language. – B: 0883, 1153, 1257, T: 7617, 1445.→Egressy, Béni; Kossuth, Lajos; Deák Ferenc.
Vörösváry, István (Stephen) (Weller) (Szentendre, 4 November 1913 - Toronto, 7 December 1993) – Writer, journalist, publisher and editor. He read Law at the University of Szeged, but gave it up for a journalistic career. He became a correspondent for the papers published by the Central Press Enterprise: National News (Nemzeti Újság), New Generation (Új Nemzedék) and the Illustrated Chronicle (Képes Krónika). In 1938 he joined the Pest News (Pesti Újság), where he worked for two years. In 1943 he launched the Hungarian Festival (Magyar Ünnep), a literary and art journal. This was closed down when the rightwing Arrow Cross Party rose to power in October of 1944. Although after 1945, the People’s Tribunal (Népbíróság), for lack of any crime, freed him from the political charges brought against him, the police arrested and interned him. When he was freed, he fled to the West and settled in Rome in August 1947. In the spring of 1948, he emigrated to Argentina. In Buenos Aires, he learned the printing trade. In July 1949, together with Márton (Martin) Kerecsendi Kiss, as editor, he launched the paper entitled, Hungarians’ Road (Magyarok Útja). He took on book publishing and, in his printery he published a number of notable works. In the summer of 1955 he moved with his family to Toronto. In 1956 he launched the weekly paper called Hungarian Life (Magyar Élet) and, in the middle of 1963, he purchased the title of Canadian Hungarians (Kanadai Magyarság), and founded a paper with that name, later changing it to Hungarian Life (Magyar Élet), and it appears under that name to the present. – B: 1020, 1257, T: 7456.→Kerecsendi Kiss, Márton; Vörösváry-Weller Publishing Company.

Vörösváry-Weller Publishing Company – In addition to the paper, Hungarian Life (Magyar Élet), István Vörösváry founded a book-publishing firm, the Vörösváry-Weller Publishing Company in Toronto in 1963. Its printery is equipped with the latest machinery, and it employs 55 workers and prints more than 400 publications, not only in Hungarian, but in other languages as well. More than 75% of the Canadian nationality press is prepared here. Among the authors of works printed and published here were: Sándor (Alexander) Márai; Miklós (Nicholas) Horthy; József (Joseph) Mindszenty; Ferenc (Francis) Fáy; Imre; (Emeric) Kovács; Zoltán Nyisztor; László (Ladislas) Mécs; István (Stephen) Fekete, and Albert Wass. – B: 1672, T: 7456. →Vörösváry, István; Márai, Sándor; Horthy, Miklós; Mindszenty József; Fáy, Ferenc; Kovács, Imre; Nyisztor, Zoltán; Mécs, László; Fekete, István; Wass, Albert; Püski Publishers.
Vujicsics, D. Stojan (Vujičič, Stojan) (Pomáz, 15 May 1933 - Budapest, 11 February 2002) – Writer, literary historian and translator of literary works. He was born into a Serbian clerical family, and was the brother of Tihamér Vujicsics. He obtained his diploma of Education from the University of Budapest, majoring in Serbo-Croat and Bulgarian Literature. His first place of employment was in the Institute of Literature of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; later, he was dismissed for political reasons. For four years, he lived from private tuition and occasional editing work. Thereafter, he was an associate of the Institute of Dramatic Art; later, he again joined the Academy of Sciences as an associate, and later as a group leader. His poems appeared in Serbian. He was mainly engaged in the Serbian Culture in Hungary, Serbian literature, and Hungarian-South-Slav cultural connections, and he also did literary translations. He was Secretary of the Committee of East-European Science of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He was also Founder and Director of the Serbian Orthodox Religious Art and Scientific Collection in Hungary, President of the Serbian Cultural Foundation, an honorary member of the Serbian Writers’ Society of Belgrade, Vice-President of the Hungarian Pen Club, an associate of the journal European Traveler (Európai Utas), and a member of the Committee of the Modern Philological Society. His works include The Serbian Church of Pest (A pesti szerb templom), study (1961), and Serbians in Pest-Buda (Szerbek Pest-Budán) (1997). He was awarded the Attila József Prize and the Serbian Pen Club Prize and the memorial medal of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. – B: 0878, 1257,T: 7456.→Vujicsics, Tihamér.
Vujicsics, Tihamér (Pomáz, 23 February 1929 - Damascus, 19 August 1975) – Composer and collector of folk music. In the National Music School (Nemzeti Zenede), Budapest, he was a student of Rezső (Rudolph) Sugár and, in the Ferenc (Franz) Liszt Academy of Music, a student of Sándor (Alexander) Veress and Ferenc (Francis) Farkas. The Hungarian composer with Serbian mother tongue was chiefly a collector and popularizer of the Serbian folk music in Hungary, e.g. Palóc Fantasy, Kalotaszeg Concerto and Dances of Drágszél (Palóc fantázia, Kalotaszegi concerto, Drágszéli táncok). His devotion to a theme and his humor through music became evident in numerous contemporary radio and TV programs. As a composer, he wrote mainly ballet music and film scores, e.g. the music for the TV-series Bors, and The Captain of Tenkes (A Tenkes kapitánya). He also collected Macedonian, Sokac, Albanian, Persian and Arabic folk music, and was the composer of the music for 137 films and one opera. He is the author of Musical Traditions of the Southern Slavs in Hungary (A magyarországi délszlávok zenei hagyományai) (1976). In István (Stephen) Szabó’s avant-garde short film entitled Koncert (1961), it was Vujicsics who played the piano on the banks of the Danube. He was the victim of an airplane accident. In Szentendre (north of Budapest), a Music School and a Plaza bear his name, and there is a Vujicsics Ensemble at Szentendre. – B: 1031, T: 7456.→Vujicsics, D. Stojan; Veress, Sándor; Farkas, Ferenc.

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