It was the site of a victorious battle by the Honvéd army units against the Habsburg forces. – B: 1064, 1031, T: 7456. Vác, Bishopric and Chapter of



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Vágó, József (Joseph) (Nagyvárad, now Oradea, Romania, 23 December 1877 - Paris, 7 June 1947) – Architect. He completed his studies at the Budapest Polytechnic, obtaining his Degree in 1900. In 1902, he won the silver medal of the Hungarian Engineers’ and Architects’ Association (Magyar Mérnök és Építész Egylet) for his theater plan and, in 1903, he won the Gold Medal for his railway station plan; he also won the First Prize in the competition of the Museum of the Martyrs of Arad (Aradi Emlékmúzeum). Early on in his career he was mainly under the influence of Ödön Lechner. Later on, his works were characterized by seeking neoclassic solutions. With Ignác (Ignatius) Lapár, he participated in the construction of the Stock Exchange (Magyar Tőzsde), the National Bank (Nemzeti Bank) and the Agricultural Museum (Magyar Mezőgazdasági Múzeum), Budapest, and with Zsigmond (Sigismund) Quittner, he took part in the construction of the Gresham Palace, Budapest. For some time he, together with his brother László, designed his buildings, such as the National Salon (Nemzeti Szalon), the Petőfi House (Petőfi Ház), Gutenberg House, the Town Park Theater (Városligeti Színház), Arcade Bazaar (Árkád Bazár), and several blocks of flats. After 1910, he became self-employed and mainly built villas. In 1919, he was the Head of the Architectural Directorate of the Council (Soviet) Republic of Hungary. As a result, he had to emigrate. From 1920 he lived abroad, mainly in Switzerland, later in Italy. In 1926 he won the Divided First Prize in the application invitation for a plan of the League of Nations’ Palace (Népszövetség). During the following year, together with his four prize-winning companions, he completed the final plans, on the basis of which the slightly anachronistic work was built. His published works include Through Towns (1930), The Tabán Being Rebuilt (1934) and A travers les villes (Through the town) (1939). – T: 0883, T: 7456.→Arad, Martyrs of; Lechner, Ödön; Council (Soviet) Republic of Hungary.




Vágó, Nelly (Budapest, 5 September 1937 - ) – Costume designer. She completed her higher studies at the Costume-designing Section of the School of Applied Arts as a student of Judit Schäffer, receiving her diploma in 1962. She began her career at the Szigligeti Theater (Szigligeti Színház), Szolnok, in 1962 and 1963 and, at the same time, she became a member of the National Theater (Nemzeti Színház), Budapest. In a guest-artist capacity, she designed costumes for virtually all the metropolitan and country theaters, e.g. the Opera House, Erkel Theater, Madách Theater, Attila József Theater and the Microscope Stage, and for the theaters of Kaposvár, Pécs, Veszprém, Győr, Miskolc, Szolnok, the Open Air Theater of Szeged and the theater of Szentendre. She was associated with the leading and most modern theatrical workshops and managers. She was also the costume designer of numerous TV and film productions and, as a guest designer, she worked abroad for the Opera Houses of Graz and Berlin, and the National Theater of Tiblis. She was the outstanding representative of the so-called Hungarian School of Designing. Her costumes serve the anatomy of action and character, with strong feeling for style and taste, formed by the knowledge of material and modern technical resources. She has often appeared in collective and individual exhibitions, as in Budapest, Miskolc, Prague and Újvidék (now Novi Sad, Serbia). Her costume-designs include Shakespeare’s King Lear, Timon of Athens; Madách’s The Tragedy of Man (Az ember tragédiája); Bulgakov’s Hypocrites (Álszentek összeesküvése); Chekhov’s Three Sisters (Három nővér); M. Füst’s Unfortunates (Boldogtalanok); Molière’s Tartuffe; Schiller’s Maria Stuart; Á. Tamási’s Singing Bird (Énekes madár), and Chekhov’s Platonov. She was awarded the Mari Jászai Prize and the Pirandello Prize in 1972, and received the Merited Artist title in 1985. – B: 1445, T: 7456.
Vágó, Pál (1) (Paul) (Jászapáti, 6 June 1853 - Budapest, 15 October 1928) – Painter. He studied Law but chose painting. He was a student of Sándor (Alexander) Wagner and Gyula (Julius) Benczúr. At the Julian Academy of Paris, he studied under the direction of J. P. Laurens. First, he painted life-scenes, such as the Lizard (Gyík), Old Woman Reading (Olvasó öregasszony), and Scenes of Jászapáti (Jászapáti jelenetek). Later, he followed the styles of Bertalan (Bartholomew) Székely and Viktor Madarász, and painted large historical tableaus, such as Hungarians at Kiev (Magyarok Kiev előtt) (1882); the Feszty Cyclorama, with others (1893-1894), and the Taking of Buda Castle in 1849 (Budavár bevétele 1849-ben) (1906). His picture entitled The Flood of Szeged (A szegedi árvíz) (1881) made his name famous. He painted a picture for the World Fair of Paris entitled The Triumphal March of the Hussars (A huszárság diadalútja), which earned him the Lotz Prize (1899) and the French Legion d’Honneur (1900). He painted frescos for the Church of Jászapáti. He also made illustrations for the poems of Sándor (Alexander) Petőfi, and for the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in Writings and Pictures, vols. i-xxi (Az Osztrák-Magyar Monarchia Írásban és Képben, I-XXI) (1887-1901). He won a Grand Prix with his work String Quartet (Vonósnégyes). A number of his paintings are in the National Gallery, Budapest. There is a Pál Vágó Commemorative Committee (Vágó Pál Emlékbizottság). – B: 0883, 1031, T: 7103.→Benczúr, Gyula; Székely, Bertalan; Madarász Viktor; Feszty Cyclorama; Wagner, Sándor.
Vágó, Pál (2) (Paul) (Literáti) (Budapest, 24 May 1889 - Buenos Aires, 10 November 1982) – Engineer, publicist and politician. He obtained a B.Sc. Degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Budapest Polytechnic in 1911, and a Ph.D. in 1929. From 1927 to 1939, he designed engines for electric power stations; from 1942 to 1944, he worked for the Hungarian Optical Works (Magyar Optikai Művek). During 1939 and 1940, he was a Member of Parliament with the right-wing Arrow Cross Party (Nyilas Párt) program. In October of 1944, he became the economic expert of the Arrow Cross Party. In the Szálasi Government he was Price Commissioner and Undersecretary of State for Public Food Supply from late November 1944. He settled in Austria with the Arrow Cross Party Government in the spring of 1945. Later, he emigrated to Argentina, where he worked as an engineer. During 1953-1954, he worked for the Argentine National Energy Directorate. His publications appeared in South American émigré papers. In the late 1950s, he published articles on the relationship between Hungarian National Socialism and Maoism; he recommended co-operation between the Chinese Communists and the “national” émigré community. His works include Open Letter to Professor C.A. Macartney (1960); Ein europaischer Friede im Karpathenraum (1960), and Strength of the Blood Covenant (A vérszerződés ereje), (Buenos Aires, 1976). – B: 1672, T: 7456.→Szálasi, Ferenc.
Vágó, Péter (Pierre Vago) (Budapest, 30 August 1910 - Noisy-sur-École, 1 February 2002) – Frenchman with Hungarian roots, architect, town planner and editor. In 1919, after the fall of the Hungarian Soviet (Council) Republic, he found himself in the West, when his parents were forced to emigrate. He completed his high school studies in Rome. Between 1928 and 1932, he studied at the École Speciale d’Architecture of Paris, and he received his diploma in 1932. In the same year, he became Editor for the architectural journal L’Architecture d’Aujourd’hui, continuing the editing of this distinguished organ until 1948, after which he was President of its editorial committee until 1975. In 1932 he established the Réunions Internationales d'Architectes (RIA) (Architects’ International Association), working in it as a secretary. From 1948 to 1969, he was also secretary of what became the Council from the Association. During World War II, he fought on the side of General De Gaulle; in 1945, he received the Resistance Medal. Between 1948 and 1956, he took part in the post-war reconstruction as a senior architect. As an architect and town planner, he worked in several European, American, Asian and African states. The establishment of some famous buildings is linked with his name including St. Pius X Basilica Lourdes (1956-1958), Churches (Vanves, Arles, Marseille, Le Mans), University Library (Bonn), and the University of Lille. His works include l'Architecture d'aujourd'hui, revue internationale d'architecture contemporaine, (Paris, 1971); Architektur-Experimente in Berlin und anderswo. Für Julius Posener, with others (1989), Pierre Vago, une vie intense (2000) and A Life Full of Movements (Egy mozgalmas élet) (Budapest, 2002). He was member of the Hungarian Academy of Arts from 1994, the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA), the German Bund Deutscher Architekten (BDA), and the American Institute of Architects (AIA). He was a recipen of a number of distinctions including Medaille de la Resistance (France, 1945), Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres (France), Comm. Grégoire le Grand (Vatican); French Knight of the Legion d’Honneur and the Star of the Order of Honor of the Repubiuc of Hungary. – B: 1672, 1031, T: 7456.→Council (Soviet) Republic of Hungary.
Vág Valley Szekler Border Guards - The region is in the Northland of Historic Hungary, (Felvidék, now Slovakia). Many names point to the former settlements of the Szekler border guards, like Dócs, Gázlós, Gimes, Jókő, Jókút, Kopcsány, Morvaőr, Nyitranagykér, Nyitratormás, Sasvár, Végvecse, Várkős and Üzbéd. – B: 1304, 1020, T: 3240.→Szeklers.
Vahot, Imre (Emeric) (Vachott) (Gyöngyös, 25 February 1820 - Budapest, 21 February 1879) – Writer, playwright. During his student years in Eperjes (now Prešov, Slovakia), he was imprisoned for a short time for organizing a torchlight procession of protest against the conviction of László (Ladislas) Lovassy and his associates. His first writings appeared in Outlines (Rajzolatok) in 1837. In 1838, he moved and settled in Pest, and his works were published in the papers Athenaeum and Observer (Figyelő). During 1842 and 1843, he led the Novelties (Újdonságok) and Art (Művészet) columns in Kossuth’s Pest News (Pesti Hírlap). In his articles, he advocated the cause of a National Theater and Hungarian theatrical works. In the service of Kossuth’s political aspirations, he published the Parliamentary Gazette (Országgyűlési Almanach) in Pozsony (now Bratislava, Slovakia) in 1843. From 1844 on, he took over the editing of the Story-telling Fashion Magazine of Pest (Regélő Pesti Divatlap), continuing its publishing under the title of Pest’s Fashion Magazine (Pesti Divatlap). He supported the young writers; the great poet Sándor (Alexander) Petőfi was the assistant editor of the magazine for a year, though he came up against Vahot later. Vahot continued publishing the magazine until the end of 1848 already entitled Budapest Fashion Magazine (Budapesti Divatlap). In the form of a supplement, he edited the political weekly National Guard (Nemzetőr) from July to December 1848, in which he openly opposed the radical-plebeian views of Petőfi. After the downfall of the War of Independence against Habsburg Rule (1848-1849), he was briefly imprisoned. In 1851-1852, he published a 3-volume work, The Phoenix of Losoncz (Losonczi Phőnix), written for the benefit of the City of Losonc (now Lučenec, Slovakia), burned down by the Austrian Imperial troops. In this work, he provided a platform for all significant writers of the era. From 1857 to 1862, he edited the weekly Sunrise (Napkelet). Between 1848 and 1863, he was a member of the drama-critic committee of the National Theater (Nemzeti Színház), Budapest. His Memorial (1880), as well as his Petőfi biography: Life and Works of Sándor Petőfi (1884), was published by his son after Vahott’s death. His works include Selected Theatrical works of Imre Vahot, 1840-1848 (V. I. válogatott színházi írásai, 1840–1848), edited by G. Szigethy, facsimile edition (1981). – B: 1445, 1257, T: 7456, 7617.→Kossuth, Lajos; Petőfi, Sándor; Lovassy, László; Vachott, Sándor.
Vajay, Szabolcs (Budapest, 9 October 1921 - Vevey, Switzerland, 6 July 2010) – Writer, historian and journalist. He obtained his Ph.D. in Law and Political Science at the University of Budapest in 1943. In the same year he moved to Switzerland and, in 1945 he settled in Argentina and became a correspondent for the paper the South American Hungarians (Délamerikai Magyarság). He continued his studies at the Institut Universitaire de Hautes Études Internationales of Geneva in 1946. He was the secretary of the Institute of Modern Art Foundation in Buenos Aires from 1939 to 1953. He moved to Paris in 1953, and lived from journalism. In the meantime he studied Economics at the University of Paris (Sorbonne), and Protestant Theology at the University of Franeker in Holland. From 1959 to 1983, he represented Argentina at the UNESCO Center in Paris, and was Head of the Latin-American section of its Sociological Division. After his retirement, he settled in Vevey, Switzerland in 1983. As a historian, he was interested in ancient Hungarian history, e.g. the Arpád Dynasty (1000-1301). He wrote novels, short stories, essays and studies. His literary and historical works appeared in the papers As Possible (Ahogy Lehet); the South American Hungarians (Délamerikai Magyarság); the New Hungaria (Új Hungária); New Hungarian Path (Új Magyar Út), South American Hungarian Courier (Délamerikai Magyar Hírlap); Literary News (Irodalmi Újság); New Horizon (Új Látóhatár); Ungarn-Jahrbuch (Magyar Évkönyv), and the Catholic Review (Katolikus Szemle). Vajay was a correspondent for a number of European scientific journals. In his historical research, he was engaged in genealogical and heraldic problems and dealt with ancient Hungarian history. From 1965 to 1976, he was Vice-President of the International Heraldic Academy; from 1982 to 1986, President of the International Association of the Genealogical and Heraldic Societies. He was an Honorary Doctor of the Gáspár Károli Reformed University of Budapest, and Professor of the Péter Pázmány Catholic University. His works include L’aspect international des tentatives de restauration Habsbourg en Hongrie (1946); Der Eintritt des Ungarischen Stämmebundes in die europäische Geschichte, 862-933 (1968); Knights of the Johannite Order 1854-1987 (1987), and I, Anonymus (Én, Anonymus) (Hungarian, 2000). Among his distinctions are the Madách Prize (1956), the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (1991), and the Széchenyi Prize (1995). – B: 1672, 1257, T: 7456.→Árpád, House of; Anonymus.
Vajda, Albert (Budapest, 9 September 1919 - Sarasota FL. USA, 10 April 1991) – Writer and journalist. From 1939 he was a correspondent for the papers Fresh News (Friss Újság) and Treasure News (Kincses Újság). In 1945 he was a columnist for the paper, Independent Hungary (Független Magyarország), later Press Head of the Ministry of Commerce. In 1948 he was Editor for the paper World Daily of Workers (Dolgozók Világlapja). He also worked for the comic weekly Crafty Matt, the Goose-herd (Ludas Matyi). He also appeared as an M.C. and, together with Dénes (Denis) Kovács, under the name Vajkó, he wrote theatrical satires, musical radio plays, picture plays, and also puppet shows. After the 1956 Revolution and Freedom Fight, he fled to the West and settled in London. Until 1964, he edited and published the humorous paper Wooden Dog (Fakutya). In late 1958, he became the London reporter for Radio Free Europe and, from June 1967 until his retirement in March 1984, he worked at its editorial office in Munich. Finally, he settled in Sarasota, Florida. His humorous writings appeared in the Literary News (Irodalmi Újság), the American Hungarian People’s Word (Amerikai Magyar Népszava), the New Europe (Új Európa), the Hungarians in Canada (Kanadai Magyarság), the New World (Új Világ), and the National Guard (Nemzetőr). Some of his books also appeared in English, German and Swedish. His works include How to be a Communist, with Dénes Kovács, under the name Vajkó (London, 1958); The Origin of Monkeys, a New Discovery: Apes Are Descendants of Man (London, 1964); Lend Me an Eye (Vakulástól látásig) (London, 1972), in 1974 in German and in Swedish; Remade in England (Edinburgh, 1981), and The Eastern Triangle (Toronto, 1986). – B: 1672, 1257, T: 7456.→Kovács, Dénes.
Vajda, István (Stephan) (pen name: András Örvélyes) (Budapest, 19 March 1926 - Vienna, 18 March 1987) – Writer and journalist. He studied Law at the University of Budapest and became a journalist. Between 1945 and 1949, he worked for the periodical, Light (Világosság), from 1951 to 1953 for the paper, Independent Hungary and, between 1953 and 1956, for the periodical, Peace and Freedom (Béke és Szabadság). One of his novels led to the film Running Over (Gázolás). He also wrote radio plays. During the 1956 Revolution, he was the internal Political Editor of the paper, Truth; later, Editor for the cultural column of the Evening News. In February 1957 he fled Hungary and settled in Vienna. Until early 1960s, he published in Hungarian. Under his pen name, he wrote reports for the Literary News (Irodalmi Újság). Thereafter, he wrote only in German. He was an associate of the Europe Studio in Salzburg – an international theatrical venture; then he worked for the economic-political journal, Trend, Vienna, and became its Eastern European expert. He wrote novels, plays, radio plays, historical studies and TV-plays. His works include Ungarn, with Hella Pflanzer (1986); L’Accident, novel (1960, in English 1963); Felix Austria (1980), and Reisen Anno 1900 (1981). In 1963, he received the Mackensen Prize, and was also given an honorary doctorate. – B: 1672, 1257, T: 7456.




Vajda, János (John) (Pest, 8 May 1827 - Budapest, 17 January 1897) – Poet and publicist. He completed his high school education in Székesfehérvár and Pest. His first poem appeared in the paper Life Scenes (Életképek) in 1844. He became a strolling actor in 1845. From the summer of 1846, he was a private tutor, then a trainee farm manager at Alcsút. In 1847 he worked as an official at Pest, his poems regularly appearing. He was accepted into Petőfi’s circle of friends, and into the writers’ society of the Pilvax Coffee House. He took part in the March 1848 events in Pest; in August he joined the army and later became a Second-Lieutenant. After the collapse of the 1848-1849 War of Independence against Habsburg oppression, in December 1849, he was drafted into the Imperial Austrian Army, where he served for one year. After his return to Hungary, he worked in Kiskunhalas and Buda. He was hopelessly in love with Georgina Kratochwill, who however, became the sweetheart of a rich count. This experience became the source of the Gina poems that played such an important role in his lyric poetry. From 1855, he was a correspondent for the journal Hungarian Press (Magyar Sajtó). Between 1857 and 1863, he was Editor of the weekly Women’s World (Nővilág); in 1861 and 1862, he was Editor of the popular political bi-weekly Fighter (Csatár), then Editor of the Hungarian Press in the first half of 1863. In his pamphlets, Vajda fought for the development of the bourgeoisie. From 1864 to 1866, he worked at the Press Office of the Chancellery in Vienna. He strongly condemned the 1867 Compromise, both in his poems and in his political writings. In 1867 he became a correspondent for the Hungarian News (Magyar Újság), affiliated with the Kossuth Party; in 1868 he was a correspondent for the weekly The Flag of the Nation (A Nép Zászlója). In 1870 he became a member of the Kisfaludy Society. From 1870 until his death, most of his writings appeared in the paper, Sunday News (Vasárnapi Újság), and its supplement Political Novelties (Politikai Újdonságok). The nicest creations of his political and love poetry came from the 1870s and 1880s. It was in 1880 that he married; however, divorce shortly followed. From the 1880s, he suffered from various illnesses. In 1896 he was a correspondent for the journal Present Age (Jelenkor). Deep sorrow radiates from his poems, but they are concise and forceful with bold inventiveness. At the depth of his somber solitude, he longed for a popular and national renewal, as did the poet Endre (Andrew) Ady, who regarded Vajda as his “sacred predecessor”. Vajda was a significant poet of the second half of the 19th century. His works include Poems (Költemények) (1856); Alarm Bells (Vészhangok) poems (1860); From the Diary of a National Guard (Egy honvéd naplójából) (1869); More Recent Poems (Újabb költemények) (1876); Complete Poems vols. i,ii (Összes költeményei I-II (1881), and Morbid Currents (Kóros áramok) (1896). – T: 0883, 1257, T: 7456.→Ady, Endre; Petőfi, Sándor.
Vajda, Lajos (Louis) (Zalaegerszeg, 6 August 1908 - Budakeszi, 7 September 1941 – Painter. He was a student of István (Stephen) Csók at the Academy of Applied Arts of Budapest from 1927 to 1930. First, he appeared with a still life at the 1928 exhibition of the National Salon. He joined the young constructive artists of the paper Work (Munka,) edited by Lajos (Louis) Kassák. Between 1930 and 1934, together with Dezső (Desider) Korniss, he studied under Léger in Paris. There he became acquainted with cubism, surrealism and the avant-garde cinematic art. From 1934 in Szentendre and Szigetmonostor, he studied folk-art motives following the method of Bartók’s folk music collecting. On a number of his drawings, a metamorphism took place between the peasant art of Szentendre and the material culture. In his style, the folk motives became fused with abstract and surrealistic marks and symbols. He also absorbed the style of the Serbian church art. His pictures include Self Portrait (Önarckép) (1925); Girl Icon (Leány Ikon) (1936); Mask with Moon (Maszk holddal) (1938), and Horses (Lovak), pencil-drawing (1935). The Artists’ New Society (Képzőművészek Új Társasága – KUT) rejected his works. He organized his one-man shows in the early 1940s. He died of tuberculosis in 1941, at the age of 33. In 1943, a memorial exhibition was organized for him in the Hall of Art (Művészcsarnok), Creation (Alkotás), followed by exhibitions in several galleries as well. His art is the most original fruit of Hungarian avant-garde painting; rationalistic structural principle is combined in his art with surrealistic visionary effect. The European School exhibited his works in 1948, and in a one-man memorial show in Szentendre in April 1966. – T: 0883, 0934, T: 7456.→Csók, István; Kassák, Lajos; Korniss, Dezső; Szentendre Artist Colony; Bartók, Béla.

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