It was the site of a victorious battle by the Honvéd army units against the Habsburg forces. – B: 1064, 1031, T: 7456. Vác, Bishopric and Chapter of
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- Kazinczy, Ferenc; Kölcsey, Ferenc; Gyöngyösi, István. V ámbéry, Ármin
- Horváth, Béla . Vámos, László
- Bartók, Béla ; Kodály, Zoltán; Márai, Sándor; Katona, József. Vámos-Tóth, Bátor
- Záray, Márta. Vámossy, Zoltán
- Rajk, László. Vándor, Lajos
- Prayer Codex ; István I, King; László I, King; Vitéz, János; Tempfli, József. Várad Chronicle
- Zagreb Chronicle . Váradi, Antal
- Váradi, Aranka; Paulay, Ede. Váradi, Aranka
- Váradi, Antal. Váradi, Hédi
- Apáczai Csere, János. Várad, Peace of
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- Bartók, Béla; Kodály, Zoltán ; Ránki, György; Hubay, Jenő; Weiner, Leó. Várdy, Béla
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Valkó, László (Ladislas) (Budapest, 18 June 1901 - Spokane WA, 1982) – Economist and agronomist. He obtained his Ph.D. in Agronomics from the University of Budapest. He published several books and studies on problems of agriculture, American and international cooperatives, and social politics. He was an Associate of the National Social Inspectorate. After World War II, he emigrated to the USA. In 1949, he worked as an assistant professor at Washington State University in Pullman, WA, where, in 1957 he became Professor of Cooperative Law. His works include The First Cooperative Law (Pullman, 1952); International Handbook of Cooperative Legislation (Pullman, 1954), in German: Handbuch für Genossenschaftsgesetzgebung (1960), and Cooperative in the U.S. Federal Legislation 1890-1980 (Pullman, 1981). – B: 1672, T: 7456. Vállas, Antal (Anthony) (Pest, 18 May 1809 - New Orleans, LA, USA, 20 July 1869) – Engineer and mathematician. He studied in Pest and Vienna, where he obtained his Ph.D. in 1831. By age 17, he was a teacher in Sátoraljaújhely, and temporarily a member of the Holy Teaching Order; later a private tutor of Hungarian families in Vienna. In 1837, he was invited to become a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He taught at the School of Farming in Rohonc (now Rechnitz, Burgenland, Austria) (1838-1841), and was an Associate Editor of the paper Rohonc Gazette (Rohonci Közlemények) (1840-1841). In 1841, he published his very influential pamphlet entitled On the Hungarian Central Polytechnic, about the economical-technological aspirations of the Reform period, which served as the basis of a future legislative bill. He participated in the organization of the Industrial Association. On the occasion of the 1841 World Fair in Paris, he made extensive tours of the western countries. He was Editor of Weekly (Hetilap) in 1845, and he was appointed a university professor in 1848. In 1850, the Habsburg absolutistic rule stripped him of his position. In 1851, he emigrated to the USA, and in 1854, he established a Naval School, in 1858 a Scientific Academy in New Orleans, and he served as its secretary until his death. – B: 0883, T: 7456. Vályi Nagy, Ervin (Budapest, 11 November 1924 - Budapest, 4 December 1993) – Minister of the Reformed Church and theologian. His father was a Major in the Royal Hungarian Defense Forces; his mother was the descendant of a farmer’s family. In 1944 he completed his studies at the Ludovika Royal Hungarian Military Academy, Budapest, after which he was sent to the front and, for a short time, he fell into captivity. In 1945 he worked as a military counselor. In 1946 he registered at the Reformed Theological Academy of Pápa. In 1947-1948 he studied Theology at Strassbourg on a scholarship from the World Council of Churches. From 1948 to 1957, he was a parish minister in Csurgó. As a member of the National Committee of the Csurgó district, he was arrested in 1957, spent 2 months in detention on remand, and was interned at Balatonlelle. From 1957 to 1964, he was the minister in Balatonlelle. In 1965 he obtained his Theological Doctorate from the University of Basel, with the dissertation entitled: The Dialogical Essence of the Church (Az egyház dialogikus lényege). In 1967 he published his doctoral thesis in form of a book entitled Kirche als Dialog, also in English: Church as Dialogue (Fortress Press). At first, he was a research fellow, later a research professor at the Institute of Denominational Science of the Hungarian Reformed Church (1965 - 1980). From 1968 to 1975, he was a member of Faith and Church Committee of the World Council of Churches. From 1973 to 1974, he was a visiting professor at the University of Mainz, Germany. From 1979, he was a member of the organization Scientific Society for the Study of Protestant Theology (Tudományos Társaság a Protestáns Teológia Művelésére). In 1980, he wrote an essay in the Bibó Memorial Volume. From 1980 to 1985, he was Professor of the Theological Chair of the Reformed Theological Academy of Budapest. His book, Western Theological Trends in Our Century (Nyugati teológiai irányzatok századunkban), was published in 1984. From 1980 (and from 1985 as a pensioner) he was the minister of the German-speaking Reformed Congregation in Budapest. By 22 November 1993, he completed the preview of his book, At the Edge of All Times. Selected writings (Minden idõk peremén. Válogatott írások.) (1993). Vályi Nagy was an outstanding theologian and educationalist. – B: 2039, T: 7456. Vályi Nagy, Ferenc Francis) (Felsővály, 30 September 1765 - Sárospatak, 15 January 1820) – College teacher, philologist and poet. From 1783 to 1793 he worked as a teacher in Miskolc, and then, after his study trip abroad, in Sárospatak from 1798. He wrote fables, lyric poems and poems in the style of István (Stephen) Gyöngyösi; later, under the influence of the eminent Ferenc (Francis) Kazinczy, he also wrote epic poems. More valuable are his translations, e.g. Homer’s Iliad (1821), urged by Kazinczy, and certain of its sections were used in Ferenc (Francis) Kölcsey’s translation; it is the first complete translation into Hungarian and it gave an opportunity for the first Hungarian plagiary trial: the so-called Iliad Trial. His works include Stories of László Hunyadi (Hunyadi László történetei, 1793); Odes in Horace’s Meters (Ódák Horátz mértékein) (1807), and Polyhymnia, his collected poems (1820). – B: 0883, 1257, T: 7456.→Kazinczy, Ferenc; Kölcsey, Ferenc; Gyöngyösi, István. V  ámbéry, Ármin (Hermann Wamberger, Ármin Wamberger) (Dunaszerdahely, now Dunajská Streda, Slovakia, 19 March 1832 - Budapest, 15 September 1913) – Orientalist, Turkologist and linguist. He attended school in his birthplace and Pozsony (now Bratislava, Slovakia), but because of difficult family circumstances, was able to finish only six of the eight years of high school. Later, he worked as a home tutor in several cities, during which time he became acquainted with many outstanding persons in Hungarian cultural life. At the age of 25, he was familiar with more than twenty languages; and because of his excellent linguistic talent, scientific circles followed his life with interest.
In 1857, he traveled to Turkey, where the Turkish Government offered him a position and citizenship in recognition of his many years’ scientific work. However, he refused the honor. Between 1862 and 1864, he made his second famous Oriental journey to such territories of which Europe at that time had only scant knowledge. Being very conversant in Oriental languages and customs, he made many dangerous trips under the name of Reshit Effendi. The purpose of his journey was to discover the origin of the Hungarians by researching the numerous connections with the Turkish people, as well as by examining the life of the Central Asian peoples. Through his travels, he earned Hungarian and international approbation for himself, and even the English Government sought his advice on several issues on Asia. From 1865 he was Professor of Oriental Languages at the University of Pest. In 1894, with the special permission of the Sultan, he carried out research work in the Treasury of the Sultan’s Palace, and in the closed storehouses of the museums and mosques in Istanbul. He discovered and listed many relics of the Hungarian nation’s past. Vámbéry argued that the similarities between Turkish and Hungarian pointed to a common origin for the two languages in Northern Asia. This theory was opposed by followers of the Finno-Ugric theory on the origins of Hungarian, who gradually triumphed in Hungary, but not in Turkey. He wrote some 25 important works including "Abuska", a Turkish-Chagatai dictionary (1861); Meine Wanderungen und Erlebnisse in Persien (1867); Uigurisch-Türkische Wortvergleichungen (1870); Der Ursprung der Magyaren (1882) and the Story of Hungary (1887). The outstanding results of his life’s work included the pioneering work on ethnography, geography and linguistic features of Asia Minor, as well as the founding of the world-wide recognized Hungarian Orientalist School. His works, published in Hungarian and in German, were translated into ten languages. A High School in Dunaszerdahely bears his name. – B: 0883, 1031, 1752, T: 7669. Vámos, György (George) (Budapest, 21 November 1946 -) – Dancer and choreographer. He completed a course at the State Ballet Institute in 1967, after which, until 1972, he was a member of the Opera House, Budapest. From 1972 to 1985 he was a solo dancer of the Opera House of Munich; then, for three years, he was the leading choreographer of the Dortmund Ballet. From 1988 he was Director of the Ballet Company of Bonn. From 1991 he also took over the directorship of the Ballet Company of Basel. He is a dancer of outstanding technique and evocative ability; as a choreographer, he had international success especially in composing dancing dramas. Of his one-act ballets, one was taken over by the Ballet Company of Győr, and one by that of Szeged. His works include Carmina Burana, Lucidor, Spartacus, Red and Black (Vörös és fekete). – B: 1445, T: 7456. Vámos, Imre (Emeric) (Mezőhegyes, 11 February 1927 - Budapest, 17 January 1993) – Writer and journalist. He completed his High School studies in Csongrád. From 1945 to 1947 he studied at the Academy of Cultural Policy and Diplomacy (Kultúrpolitikai és Diplomáciai Akadémia), Budapest, and concurrently he was a functionary of the National Peasant Party (Nemzeti Paraszt Párt). Later, he worked as journalist for the paper Hungarian Nation (Magyar Nemzet) and Hungarian Sunday (Magyar Vasárnap). In 1948 he was arrested for a short while and tortured. In November 1948, he fled to the West, and settled in Zürich. Some of his writings appeared in the paper Western Herald (Nyugati Hírnök), and New Hungarian Road (Új Magyar Út). Late in 1951, he moved to Munich. Between January 1952 and June 1957 (under the name Janus), he was a correspondent for Radio Free Europe. During the fall of 1950, he played an important part in the launching of the journal Horizon (Látóhatár); between 1950 and 1952 he was its Editor, later its Managing Editor and Publisher. After the Hungarian Revolution in 1956, the editorial board of Látóhatár split into two. From July 1958 to February 1962, the Horizon was edited and published by Imre Vámos and Béla Horváth. However, he had no part in the New Horizon (Új látóhatár), which appeared until 1990. For a while he was Secretary of the Council of Hungarian Writers Abroad, and a correspondent of the paper, Literary News (Irodalmi Újság). In February 1962, he returned to Hungary and became one of the editors of the periodical, Horizon, and he also became an Associate Editor of the periodical, Hungarian Nation. In his books, published after his return, he featured mainly short stories, his memories abroad, and his travelogues, including European Travels (Európai utazások) (1965); On Historical Battlefields (Törtélnelmi csatatereken) (1968), and Village in the Orchard: History of the SOS Kinder-village of Battonya (Falu a gyümölcsösben: A battonyai SOS-Gyermekfalu története. – B: 1672, 1031, T: 7456.→Horváth, Béla. Vámos, László (Ladislas) (Budapest, 30 January 1928 - Budapest, 3 February 1996) – Theater manager. After completing the manager’s course at the Academy of Dramatic Art, Budapest, he was contracted by the National Theater (Nemzeti Színház), Budapest. From 1952 he worked as Manager for the Csokonai Theater (Csokonai Színház) Debrecen, and from 1955 until 1973, he was Manager for the Madách Theater (Madách Színház), Budapest. From 1967 to 1980, he was also the Manager of the Operetta Theater (Operett Színház), Budapest. Between 1982 and 1990, he became Theater and Artistic Manager for the National Theater, Budapest. From 1981 to 1990, he was Secretary of the Hungarian Theatrical Association. He worked as a teacher of theater management from 1960. He worked also as a manager of plays, operas, operettas and musicals. Vámos was an artist always ready for a task, solving the most complex problems of the theater with great professional expertise, musicality, and sensitive to the aspect of spectacle on stage. His stage-management of Hamlet in 1962 created an international response. He appeared as guest artist of theater management in Austria, Germany, Poland, France and the USA. His managements include works such as P. Bornemisza’s Hungarian Electra (Magyar Elektra); V. Hugo’s Ruy Blas (A királyasszony lovagja); Shakespeare’s As You Like It (Ahogy tetszik), A Winter’s Tale (Téli rege), The Tempest (A vihar), Hamlet, Richard III; Madách’s The Tragedy of Man (Az ember tragédiája) (also as an opera); Molière’s Learned Ladies (Les Femmes savants – Tudós nők); Katona’s Bánk bán; S. Márai’s Adventure (Kaland); Verdi’s Il Trovatore; B. Britten’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream; B. Bartók’s Bluebeard’s Castle (Kékszakállú herceg vára); Kodály’s Háry János, and Verdi’s Falstaff. He was awarded the Kossuth Prize (1970), the Mari Jászai Prize (1955, 1962), received the Merited Artist title (1967), and the Outstanding Artist title (1980). There is a memorial plaque of him in District XIII of Budapest. – B: 1445, 1122, T: 7456.→Bartók, Béla; Kodály, Zoltán; Márai, Sándor; Katona, József. Vámos-Tóth, Bátor (Kőröstarcsa, 1928 - Washington State, USA, ca. 2005) – Geographer, linguist. He lived in Honolulu (Hawaii) for nearly 24 years. In 1998, he settled in Washington State. On behalf of UNESCO, he taught pedagogy at Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone, as leader of the UNESCO group. At first, he thought it was strange; later, he was startled by the similarity of local names and tribes with Hungarian, as e.g. Bán, Daru, Kaba, Kasza, Szanda, Szittya, Turai etc. In 1975, when he moved to Hawaii, he was again surprised when he realized that there were six Hungarian locality names in Sierra Leone, and nine in Hawaii, all of the form Káma+ló. In the USA he was able to study the geographic register published by the CIA. In the registers of 184 countries, he compiled 7,000 name structures of 3-4-5 elements, the corresponding form-structural pairs all occurrings also in the Carpathian Basin, and 60% of which constitute Hungarian family and personal names. All these names of 1-2 elements in their 3-4-5 structural compositions, surprisingly, may be found in all the five continents. All these findings led him to the creation of the Tamana method, i.e. the formation of geographic name-research, the basis of which Vámos-Tóth laid down in the 1980s. He reasoned that it is a useless undertaking to study words and names of the present time semantically, and trace them back beyond ten-thousand years in the past; however, investigating the structural layout of names may lead to useful results; the Tamana research is not based on linguistic results; in fact it is not linguistics, but what he calls “nomenology” (névészet), something like onomastics, providing a new direction for the study of names, not searching for the “original” meaning of geographic and personal names as e.g. in: Aszó, Buda, Csaba, Duna, Garam, Hun, Jó, Kaba, Kend, Keszi, Lak, Léva, Mátra, Onga, Pata, Rima, Száva, Tisza, Úr, Varga, Zalán. According to Vámos-Tóth, his 24-year Tamana research shows also that, surprisingly, the above Hungarian geographic and family names have worldwide distribution. By going still further, he suggests that in the distant past an all-embracing, uniform and universal global culture must have existed, in which the Hungarian culture must have taken a leading role. The result of his research has been published in the USA in a study entitled Tamana (7300 pp.) in 2002. – B: 2034, T: 7456. Vámosi, János (John) (Bicske, 2 August 1926 - Budapest, 18 September 1997) – Dance-song vocalist. At first he worked as a machine technician; then, from 1949 as a singer. His first hit was the song: When Apricots Are in Full Bloom (Baracknyílás idején). He appeared together with his wife, Márta Záray in Radio and TV performances in Hungary and abroad. His pieces include Treading My Path (Járom az utam; In the Inn of Pedro (Pedro kocsmájában), and Don’t Ever Leave Me (Ne hagyj el soha). Their duets include One Atmosphere, A Frame of Mind, and the Duck Dance (Kacsatánc); recordings include Hungaroton Favorit, Hungaroton Worry, and Hungaroton Pepita. In 1977, he received the SZOT Prize from the Council of Hungarian Trade Unions. – B: 1980, T: 7456.→Záray, Márta. Vámossy, Zoltán (Pest, 15 December 1868 - Leányfalu, north of Budapest, 26 December 1953) – Physician and pharmacologist. He obtained his Medical Degree from the University of Budapest in 1893. From 1893, he was a lecturer at the Pharmacological Institute of the University; in 1898, he became an honorary lecturer and Titular Professor of Toxicology and, from 1914, a full professor. From 1917 until 1939, he was Professor of Pharmacology. He was Editor of the Hungarian Medical Archive (Magyar Orvosi Archivum) from 1909 and, from 1924 to 1944, that of the journal Medical Weekly (Orvosi Hetilap). He discovered the laxative effect of phenolphthalein, investigated the detoxicating function of the liver; he experimented with opium-alkaloids, and a forensic medical investigating method. His works include About a New Laxative Medicine (Egy új hashajtószerről) (1902), and On Poisonings (A mérgezésekről) (1907). – B: 1730, T: 7456. Vándor, Györgyi (Georgina) (Budapest, 7 April 1923 - Vienna, 5 March 2000) – Writer and journalist. She obtained her Dip. Ed. in Education, Majoring in French and Italian, from the University of Budapest. She became a language teacher and journalist. Her articles appeared in the daily, People’s Word (Népszava). In 1949, in connection with the Rajk-trial, she was arrested with trumped-up charges and imprisoned. She was freed in 1956, during the Revolution and Freedom Fight, and she became an Associate of the natural-scientific journal Delta. In 1970, she emigrated to Israel. Early in 1973, she moved to Vienna, where she made a living from writing and language teaching; earlier on she taught Italian, from 1980 she taught Hungarian. She was an exterior consultant of Radio Free Europe. Her writings appeared, among others, in the New Horizon, the Literary News and the Hungarian News in Vienna, the Viennese Courier, the Rainbow, the New Age, and the New Europe. She wrote short stories, novels and feuilletons. Her works include The Nights of Terror (A rémület éjszakái) (1974, 1984, 1990); Letters From Vienna (Bécsi levelek), radio pieces (1981), and The Hangman of Betar (A betári hóhér) (1989). – B: 1672, 0878, T: 7456.→Rajk, László. Vándor, Lajos (Louis) (Budapest, 27 June 1913 - Wels, Austria, 5 May 1945) – Poet and writer. While obtaining a Doctorate in Law from the University of Budapest, he also learned the trade of weaving. His first poems appeared in the journal Anonymus Notary (Névtelen Jegyző) in 1932, followed in quick succession by his popular, brief, snappy, idiosyncratic vers-libres, increasingly politicizing, leftist, and warning about the danger of Fascism presented on a variety of platforms. He also scored success in stage-works. After the short-lived Anonymus, he organized and edited the journal Cross Section (Keresztmetszet), which appeared in ten issues per year. During the years of the right-wing movement, he was unable to do editing work, nor publish his poems. During World War II, he worked at a weaving factory. In addition to poems, he also wrote dramatic works, but these became lost. During the War, he was called in to do forced labor, and was later moved to the concentration camp of Mauthausen, from where he was taken to the concentration camp at Gunskirchen. Soon after the liberation of this camp, he died at the age of 32. His works include Head or Tail [Coin-flipping] (Fej vagy írás), poems (1933), Group Picture (Csoportkép), poems (1938). – B: 0883, 1031, T: 7456. Vankóné (Juli Dudás) (Galgamácsa, 7 January 1919 - Budapest, 1 April 1984) – Naïve painter and folk artist. In her paintings and drawings, she depicted the folk traditions, daily lives and celebrations of the people of her native village. She produced several large paintings on commissions (Balatonfüred, Hotel Marina; Budapest, Búsoló Juhász Restaurant; Hospital of Kerepestarcsa; Tokyo, Hungarian Restaurant). She participated in national and international joint exhibitions (e.g. Naive Artists, 1972; Hungarian National Gallery; Hungarian Naive Artists, 1973, Havana, Cuba). Solo exhibitions were held in Szeged, at The Artist's Commune Gallery of Szentendre in 1974, in Aszód, Debrecen, Derecske and Balmazújváros in 1975. She also held exhibitions in East Germany in 1977, in Paris in 1978, and in Munich in 1983. The 1969 film by Domokos Moldován entitled “Juli Dudás Peasant Painter of Galgamácsa” (Dudás Juli galgamácsai parasztfestő) described her work. Most of her works are kept in the Museum of Ethnography, at the Naive Artists' Museum of Kecskemét, and at the Village Museum of Galgamácsa (her birthplace). Postcards and a calendar were also made from her paintings in 1980. Her autobiography, My Village, Galgamácsa (Falum, Galgamácsa) was published in two editions in 1976. Her other work is: Csicsija bubája (Lullabies, Nursery Rhymes) (1955). There is a Juli Dudás Vankóné Museum in her honor in Galgamácsa. – B: 0883, T: 7667. Várad Bishopric (Nagyvárad, now Oradea, Romania) – According to the Prayer Codex, as well as to the experts, the Bishopric was founded by King István I (St. Stephen) (997-1038). Its seat was first in the Bihar region in Eastern Hungary. It was moved to Várad (Nagyvárad) by King László I (St. Ladislaus) (1077-1095), who had the first cathedral built, and who had the wealth of the bishopric increased. From 1464 to 1780, the bishops have been Lord Lieutenants as well. The more notable bishops were Valter, András (Andrew) Báthory; Demeter Meszed; János Vitéz; Fráter György (George) Martinuzzi; Ágoston Benkovics; Pál (Paul) Szhmrecsányi; Count Miklós (Nicholas) Széchenyi; Arnold Ipolyi, and in recent times, József (Joseph) Tempfli, who retired in 2008. – B: 0942, T: 7684.→Prayer Codex; István I, King; László I, King; Vitéz, János; Tempfli, József. Várad Chronicle – A short Latin chronicle entitled Chronicon Varadiense, relating in its incomplete state the happenings from the founding of the chapter – actually from its transfer to Várad (Nagyvárad, now Ordea, Romania) – until 1354. Imre, the reading chapter of Várad, compiling the rules of the Chapter inserted it as historical background at the head of the rules controlling the life of the Chapter. Its source was the similar Zágráb Chronicle. – B: 1552, T: 7456. →Zagreb Chronicle. Váradi, Antal (Anthony) (Závod, 2 May 1854 - Budapest, 5 March 1923) – Writer, playwright and actor pedagogue. In 1873 he received a Ph.D. in Arts. From 1875, for nearly 20 years, he was a high school teacher. On the advice of Ede (Edward) Paulay, he was invited to lecture on the theory of Performing Arts and Esthetics at the Academy of Dramatic Art, Budapest (1887-1906). In 1895, he was an appointed member of the Drama Critic Committee of the National Theater, Budapest. He was a member of the Kisfaludy Society and the Petőfi Society. Between 1893 and 1923, he was Editor for the paper, Country-World (Ország-Világ). He wrote poems, also plays (mostly in classical verse form), from the time of his high school days. He wrote textbooks for the Academy of Dramatic Art. His plays include Iskarioth (1876); Tamora (1879); The Dagger (A tőr) (1880); Descendants of the Huns (A Hun utódok) (1890); Rafael (1894), and Demon (1895). He was the author of one novel, Painted World (Festett világ) (1892). His translations include Goethe’s Faust, Part II; Schiller’s Wilhelm Tell; Wagner’s Die Mesitersinger von Nürnberg, and Aeschylus’ Oresteia. His books include Esthetics in a Nutshell (Aesthetika dióhéjban) 1881); Study of Costumes (Jelmeztan); A Short Outline of Esthetics (Az aesthetika rövid kivonata) (1896); The Locked-away Heavens (Az elzárt mennyország) (1910), and Actor Stories (Szinész-historiák) (1922). – B: 0883, 1445, T: 7456.→Váradi, Aranka; Paulay, Ede. Váradi, Aranka (Goldie) (Budapest, 11 March 1886 - Mallorca, 5 January 1966) – Actress. She was the daughter of Antal (Anthony) Váradi. After completing the course in acting at the Academy of Dramatic Art, and the Vocal Studies Department of the Ferenc (Franz) Liszt Academy of Music in Budapest, she received a contract with the National Theater (Nemzeti Színház) in 1903, becoming its life member from 1923 on. She often appeared on stage in country towns; in Pécs she was a permanent guest. Her art was characterized by restraint and charm. She appeared on stage for the last time in 1947, when she married and settled abroad. Her roles include Hedvig in Ibsen’s The Wild Duck (A vadkacsa); Cleopatra in G.B. Shaw’s Caesar and Cleopatra; Puck in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer-Night’s Dream (Szentiványéji álom); Cordelia in Shakespeare’s King Lear; Margarete in Goethe’s Faust; title role in Ibsen’s Nora, and Roxanne in Rostand’s Cyrano de Bergerac. She received the Farkas-Ratkó Prize in 1908. – B: 1445, 1160, T: 7456.→Váradi, Antal. Váradi, Hédi (Hedwig) (Újpest, 22 September 1929 - Budapest, 11 April 1987) – Actress. She obtained her diploma from the Academy of Dramatic Art, Budapest, in 1952. She was contracted by the Madách Theater (Madách Színház) in Budapest, where, at quite a young age, she played great dramatic roles. In 1963, she received a contract with the National Theater (Nemzeti Színház), Budapest, and remained its member until her death. In her quiet periods at the theater, she traveled the country with independent programs for children, and sometimes appeared as a guest artist in the Józsefváros Theater (Józsefvárosi Színház), Budapest. She played with depth; her scope was unusually wide, from the light humorous to deep tragedy. Her many roles include Juliet in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet; Cleopatra in G.B. Shaw’s Caesar and Cleopatra; Eve in I. Madách’s The Tragedy of Man (Az ember tragédiája); title role in Euripides’ Iphigenia; Titania in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer-Night’s Dream (Szeniványéji álom); title role in F. Schiller’s Maria Stuart, and title role in F. Molnár’s Delila. Her film roles included At Midnight (Éjfélkor) (1957); Alba Regia (1961); Gömböc (1962, TV-film), and Dora Reports (Dóra jelenti) (1968). The Hungarian Television prepared a portrait film about her (22 September 1985). Her TV program series was called Now, I Am Singing (Én most énekelek). She received the Mari Jászai Prize in 1960, the Kossuth Prize in 1975, the Merited Artist title (1968), and the Outstanding Artist title (1973). – T: 0883, 1445, T: 7456. Váradi, Mátyás (Matthew) (Sóvárad, now Sǎrǎţeni, Romania, 1638 - Kézdivásárhely, now Târgu-Secuesc, Romania, 1684) – Priest and physician. He studied Theology and Medicine in Marosvásárhely (now Târgu Mures, Romania), Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania), then also in Leiden, Utrecht, and Franeker. He received a Medical Doctorate and a Degree in Theology from the University of Franeker (1669). In Kolozsvár, he was a student of János (John) Apáczai Csere. From 1670 to 1680, he served in various parishes, and he also served as Dean. However, after 1680, he worked as a physician only. His writings on smallpox, measles and tuberculosis were important. His works included Dissertatio theologia de votis… (1666); Disputatio medica de variolis et morbilis…(1667); and Disputatio Medica Inauguralis de Phthisi (1669). – B: 1730, 0883, T: 7456.→Apáczai Csere, János. Várad, Peace of – After the election of two Kings in 1526, in order to end the fighting between them, a secret pact was made between the two rival kings: King János Szapolyai (or King János I) (John, 1526-1540), and Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria (1526-1564), in 1538 at Várad (Nagyvárad, now Oradea, Romania), concluding that both of them keep their kingly titles over the territory they ruled and owned, and thereby also admitting that neither of them could defeat the other, with the one and only condition that, after the death of King János I, the whole of the Kingdom of Hungary (the middle part, which was occupied by the Ottoman Turks), as well as Transylvania, would pass to the House of Habsburg, even if, in the meantime, an heir was born to King János I. However, in 1540, a son, John Sigismund (János Zsigmond) was born to King János I, to his wife, Isabella of Poland (1519-1559) (daughter of King Sigismund Jagello), and he made his son his successor as Prince and King, thereby rescinding the agreement with the Habsburgs. János Szapolyai, prior to his death, made his loyal counselor Frater György (George Martinuzzi) pledge that he would not keep the agreement contained in the Peace of Várad, but let his son, John Zsigmond, ascend the throne. The monk, Frater György, proved a skillful politician. When the Turkish Sultan Suleiman occupied Buda, the Capital of Hungary with his large army in 1541, he gave Transylvania to Isabella and her infant (on 29 August 1541), It was György Frater, who organized Transylvania (Erdély, now in Romania), into a State. After the death of King János I in 1540, his wife, Queen Isabella, considered handing over the rule of Transylvania to the Habsburgs, thus preserving the unity of the Kingdom; but her counselors urged her to persevere with the defense of the Capital, Buda. After the loss of Buda, she settled in Transylvania and, in 1552, she handed over Transylvania to Ferdinand and moved to Poland. In 1556, on the invitation of the Transylvanian Estates, she returned, and in place of her under-age son, she, at the age of 36, took over the rule of Transylvania. Várad (Nagyvárad) also passed to the property of Queen Isabella in 1557 and, together with the Trans-Tisza region (the so called Partium), for more than a century, it belonged to the Principality of Transylvania. This led to the division of Hungary into three parts during the 16th and 17th centuries. King János Zsigmond, or János II (John) ruled from 1540-1553. – B: 1031, 1068, T: 7456.→ János I, King; János II, King; Martinuzzi, György; Isabella, Queen. Várad Registry (Regestrum Varadiense) – A registry book in the Latin language at the time of King András II (Andrew) (1205-1235) (befor the disaster of the Tartar-Mongol invasion of 2041-2042), that describes 389 legal disputes. In addition, it contains the name of 43 Counties, 711 place names and 2,500 personal names. Frater György (George) Martinuzzi, Bishop of Várad, published it first, under the title Exemplum seu ritus explorandae veritatis (Kolozsvár, now Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 1550). It was published for the second time by Mátyás (Matthew) Bél (1640). Three more editions followed. This Registry Book was an important source for contemporary use of law and the development of Hungary. The original has been lost. – B: 1150, 0942, 1078, 1153, T: 7684.→Martinuzzi, György; Bél, Mátyás. Várady, Béla (Szilice, now Silica, Slovakia, 16 September 1933 - ) – Actor. He was an auxiliary notary in his village of birth until 1951. From 1951, he was a member of the Hungarian branch of the Village Theater (Faluszinház), having had a good deal of theatrical experience in the amateur group at Szilice earlier. From 1959, he was a member of the Hungarian Area Theater (Magyar Területi Színház) of Komárom and, from 1969 until his retirement he was a member of the Thalia Theater of Kassa (now Košice, Slovakia). Between 1971 and 1981, he was also its Artistic Director. He makes good use of his comic abilities, but does not resort to cheap comic acts, rather depicts a sharply delineated character. His roles include Truffaldino in Goldoni’s Servant of two Masters (Arlecchino servitore di due padroni; Két úr szolgája); Cleante in Molière’s Tartuffe; Candy in Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men (Egerek és emberek); Máté in Á. Tamási’s Singing Bird (Énekes madár); Balga in M. Vörösmarty’s Csongor és Tünde; Candy in R. Nash’s The Rainmaker (Az esőcsináló); Trafina in Békeffi-Lajtai’s The Old Summer (A régi nyár), and Károly Paál in I. Csurka’s Dead Landmines (Döglött aknák). He acted in a number of Hungarian and Slovak films as well. He received the Nivo Prize in Slovakia (1969, 1974, 1975, 1984), and the Life Achievement Prize of the Hungarian Theaters Beyond the Borders in 1998. – B: 1445, 1890, T: 7456. Várady, Imre (Emerico Várady) (Nagybecskerek, now Zrenjanin, Serbia, 3 July 1892 - Rome, 24 August 1974) – Literary historian, novelist and critic. He obtained his Degree in Arts, majoring in Hungarian and German Literature at the University of Budapest in 1914. Shortly after, he was enlisted into the Army during World War I. However, he succeeded in obtaining his Ph.D. in 1917, and another in Education in 1918. Between 1919 and 1927, he was a teacher in the high school of Szombathely, and from January 1928 till July 1936, he was Secretary of the Collegium Hungaricum of Rome. In the fall of 1936, he became Professor of Italian Language and Literature at the University of Szeged. When the Second Vienna Award returned northern Transylvania to Hungary in 1940, he was transferred to the University of Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca again, in Romania), where he lectured on Italian Philology. In 1942, he became Professor of Hungarian Language and Literature at the University of Bologna. He settled permanently in Italy in 1944. When he retired in 1967, the University of Bologna awarded him its most prestigious honor, the Gold Memorial Volume. Thereafter, he moved to Rome, where he continued his Hungarian literary and critical activity. Most of his writings appeared in the paper Catholic Review (Katolikus Szemle), but he also published in the weekly National Guard (Nemzetőr); New Europe (Új Európa), and Corvina, as well as in Italian and German journals. His books include Grammatica della lingua ungherese (Grammar of the Hungarian Language) (1949); Teatro ungherese (Hungarian Theater) (1956), and Letteratura ungherese (Hungarian Literature) (1959). – B: 1672, 1257, T: 7456.→Vienna Award II.
Várady, László (Ladislas) (Budapest, 29 November 1906 - Vienna, 21 June 1989) – Conductor. He completed his studies at the Ferenc (Franz) Liszt Academy of Music, Budapest in 1924 as a student of Jenő (Eugen) Hubay, Zoltán Kodály and Leó Weiner. He began his career at the Opera Houses of Leipzig and Düsseldorf, and later became an assistant to Bruno Walter and Wilhelm Furtwängler. Afterward, he worked as an independent conductor in Brussels, Prague and Paris, where he introduced Béla Bartók’s composition Two Portraits, for violin and orchestra, Op.5 (Két kép). In 1945 he returned to Hungary, where he reorganized the Opera Company of Szeged. From 1949 to 1957, he was Music Director of the Operetta Theater (Operett Színház), Budapest, where he staged several new Hungarian works. At the same time, he was Music Director of the Hungarian Film Studios. From 1957, he was a teacher at the Hochschule für Musik (Academy of Music) of Vienna, and also at the Conservatory of Music. At the Theater an der Wien he introduced György (George) Ránki’s opera Peter the Musician (Muzsikus Péter) and Benjamin Britten’s Let’s Make an Opera. On Austrian and German Television he conducted the world premiere of Gluck’s Der bekehrte Trunkenbold (L'Ivrogne corrigé – The Proselyte Drunkard). He conducted all the orchestras of Vienna, and founded the Wiener Barockorchester (Baroque Orchestra of Vienna). He gave an important series of lectures over the Viennese Radio on the music of Hungary. – B: 1445, 0883, T: 7456.→Bartók, Béla; Kodály, Zoltán; Ránki, György; Hubay, Jenő; Weiner, Leó. Várdy, Béla (Steven Béla) (Bercel, 3 July 1936 - ) – Historian. As a result of the Soviet Russian forces occupying Hungary, he moved to Germany as a child with his parents. He completed his secondary studies in the Hungarian High School at Passau. In the 1950s he went to the USA. He did his higher studies in Cleveland, Kent, Vienna, and finally in Bloomington, where he obtained his Ph.D. from Indiana University in 1967. From 1964 as an assistant lecturer, he taught History at the Duquesne University of Pittsburgh. In 1967 he became an assistant professor, in 1971 Professor. He has also been Professor at the University of Pittsburgh. He lectures on European and East-European history. He was Director of the History Forum of Duquesne University from 1979 to 1982. He is a McAnulty Distinguished Professor, and Founder and Editor of the book series entitled University Historical Studies. His main fields of interest are Historic Studies, Hungarian Culture, and History of American Hungarian Settlers. His studies, papers and critiques appeared in the Hungarians of Pittsburgh, Catholic Hungarians’ Sunday (Katolikus Magyarok Vasárnapja), New Horizon (Új Látóhatár), Ungarn-Jahrbuch, and in American historical journals and study-volumes. He is a productive writer with a long bibliographic list. His works include History of the Hungarian Nation, with Domokos (Dominic) Kosáry (1969); Hungarian Historiography and the “Geistesgeschichtliche” School, bilingual (1974); The Hungarian-Americans (1985); Louis the Great, King of Hungary and Poland, with Géza Grosschmid and László Domokos (1986); The Austro-Hungarian Mind: at Home and Abroad, with Ágnes Várdy-Huszár (1989), and Hungarians in the Gulag Slave Labor Camps (Magyarok a Gulag rabszolgatáboraiban) with Ágnes Várdy-Huszár (2007). He also wrote 600 essays and papers. He was several times President of the Society of Hungarian Historians in America. He is an external member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In 1984, he received the Grand Prix of Duquesne University; in 1992 the Berzsenyi Prize of Hungary; in 1996 he became a member of the Hungarian Writers’ Association; in 1997 he received the Gold Medal of the Árpád Academy, and in 2001 he received the Officer’s Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary. – B: 1672, T: 7456.→Várdy-Huszár, Ágnes; Kosáry, Domokos. Várdy-Huszár, Ágnes (Agnes) (Mrs. Béla Várdy) (Debrecen, 3 January 1943- ) – Literary historian. In the spring of 19 45, facing the advancing Soviet army in Hungary, she fled to Germany with her parents, and in 1951, emigrated to the USA. She did her university studies at Cleveland, Heidelberg, Pittsburgh, Vienna and Budapest, where she obtained a Ph.D. in German literature. She began her educational career as a demonstrator at the University of Pittsburgh in 1966. From 1971, she worked as an assistant lecturer, and later as an assistant professor at the Robert Morris College of Pittsburgh, lecturing on German Language and Literature, and English Literature. Her study interests are German and American literature, as well as comparative European literature. Her writings appeared in the papers Chronicle; New Horizon (Új Látóhatár), and in American and Hungarian journals. Her works include A Study in Austrian Romanticism: Hungarian Influences in Lenau’s Poetry (1974); The Folk Arts of Hungary, with W.W. Kolar (1981), and The Austro-Hungarian Mind: At Home and Abroad, with Béla Várdy (1989). – B: 1672, T: 7456.→Várdy, Béla. Várdy, Péter (Budapest, 15 December 1935 - ) – Philosopher. He began his higher studies at the Budapest Polytechnic, where studied Philosophy and Electric Engineering. He left Hungary after the 1956 Revolution and Freedom Fight. He continued his studies at the University of Delft, in the Netherlands. In 1962 he completed a course in Electrical Engineering, followed by studies in Philosophy at the University of Freiburg, completing them at the University of Groningen, in the Netherlands, in 1975. He obtained his Ph.D. in Art from the University of Debrecen. Since 1966, he has lectured at the Philosophy Department of the University of Twente. The subject of his published works is mainly concerned with the university movements in the late 1960s, the history of the Hungarian Jews, the folk versus urban debate, as well as the philosophy of technology and other philosophical problems. His works include Opstand der studenten (1969); Change and permanence. Studies in Hungarian Civic Society (Változás és állandóság, Tanulmányok a magyar polgári társadalomról), edited with E. Karátson (1989), and There is in Life what Man doesn’t do…And what he does do (Az életben van, amit az ember nem tesz…És tesz) (2004). – B: 1672, T: 7456. Varga, Béla (Torda, 1886 - Kolozsvár, now Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 1942) – Unitarian Bishop, theologian, philosopher. He attended school in his hometown, then studied Theology and Philosophy in Kolozsvár. He earned his Doctoral Degree in Philosophy; then he went abroad on a study trip. Upon returning home in 1911, he taught at a high school, then at the Theological Academy in 1922, and acquired an honorary lecturer qualification (privatedocent) in 1915. In 1926 he spent a year in Oxford, England, then, in 1928 he became Generalis Notarius of his Church, and from 1938, its Bishop. He was appointed University Professor at Ko1ozsvár in 1940. Some of his works are The Psychology of Today’s Public Spirituality (A mai közszellem pszichológiája) (1928); The Question of Individualism (Az individualizmus kérdése) (1932); Religious Studies (Hittani tanulmányok) (1934), and Faith and Religion (Hit és vallás) (1948). – B: 0931, T: 7103.→Unitarian Church in Transylvania. Varga, Csaba (Mezőcsokonya, 28 October 1945 - Pilisszentiván, 15 June 2012) – Writer, producer, sociologist. He also dealt with painting, sculpting, teaching and lecturing. After graduation from high school in 1964, he was a manual laborer. Later, he was an artistic director at Hatvan, and a journalist; and was a co-worker at the County Pest Committee of the Patriotic People’s Front. In 1972, he graduated as teacher of Mathematics and Drawing from the Teachers’ Training Academy of Pécs, where he opened an animation workshop and founded the Yxilon Filmstudio which in 1979 became the Pécs Film Studio of the Pannonia Film Studio, and he was its first director. In 1985, he graduated from the Sociology Department of the University of Budapest, and studied full time at the Institute for Executive Training for two years. He was Secretary of the Alliance of Hungarian Writers (1985-1986). He was editor for the periodical Seasons (Évszakok). He was also a freelancing writer. From 1988, he was Acting-Director for the Püski-Isis Ltd., Budapest. In 1989 he was one of the founders of he Varga Studio. From 1991 he was Director of the Strategy Research Private Institute (Stratégiakutató Magánintézet), and Editor for the periodicals Closed Circle (Zártkör) and Conservative Review (Konzervatív Szemle). From 1992, he was Director for the Witness (Tanú) Ltd), and later owner of the Frig Publishers. His field of sociology encompasses village and town research (1972 - ), area structure research (1986 - ), future research, future strategy (1976 - ), conservative theories (1992-1995), globalization and localization (1993 - ), theory of information society (1993 - ) knowledge society research, knowledge theory and vision of the age of unity (1995). The title of his research was The Theory of the Society of Unity, in which he explored and created a synthesized hypothesis of scientific, sociological, religious and spiritual researches. His films include Lunch (Ebéd) (1972), Waltz (Valcer) (1984), The Wind (A szél) (1985), Don Quijote (1999), and the Beetle (Bogár) (2001). His major publications include Reform Castle, with István Kamarás (1984), Hungary Under the Eaves, selected sociographies (1989), Attempts at Freedom (1999), The Very Last Chance, with Endre Kiss (2002), His linguistic works include the Living Language and the Stone Age (in English), The Living Language of the Stone Age (A kőkorszak élő nyelve), Our Words from the Past (Szavaink a multból), The Book of the Ancient Writing (Az ősi írás könyve), Sign, sign, sign, or the 30,000 Years History of the Alphabet (Jel jel jel avagy avagy az ABC 30.000 éves története). In 1998 he was elected among the 10 best animation filmmakers, and in 2000 among the 15 most decisive filmmakers. He was recipient the Béla Balázs Prize and the Gold Cross of Merit of the Republic of Hungary in 2003. – B: 1031, 2081, T: 7103. Varga, Domokos (Dominic) (family name: Vargha) (Kunszentmiklós, 8 October 1922 - Budapest, 12 May 2002) – Writer. After completing his high school studies in Kunszentmiklós, he studied at the Forestry Department of the József Nádor Technical University, Sopron, and served as a forestry officer at Debrecen (1945-1946). Later, he became a journalist and radio contributor, a freelance writer between 1952 -1954, and a columnist at the Literary Gazette (Irodalmi Újság) between 1954 and 1956. After the fall of the 1956 Revolution, he was arrested for his work at the Writers’ Association, and became a political detainee (1957-1958). He again served as a forestry officer during the years 1958-1968, and contributed to the journal, Life and Literature (Élet és Irodalom). He was a free-lance writer again from 1969, and was Editor of the paper, Free Period (Lyukasóra) (1992-1996). He was prohibited from publishing from 1956 to 1964. His selected works include Forest Ranger (Erdőkerülőben) sociography (1970), and Book of Waters (Vizek könyve) (1976). His works on family life include Good-for-nothings (Kutyafülüek) (1966), Kids Tasting (Kölyökkostólgató) (1974); My Honored Family (Tisztelt családom) (1979), and We Are Not Born to be Parents (Nem születtünk szülőnek) (1999). His autobiographical works are Beloved Szentmiklós (Szeretett Szentmiklós) (1994); Many Nice Words of My Mother (Édesanyám sok szép szava) (2000), and Our Finn Brothers (Finn testvéreink). His popular works for juveniles include Village of Boys (Fiúkfalva) (1972); Kids Tasting (Kölyökkostolgató) (1974); Book of Waters (Vizek könyve), sociography (1976); Birth of Europe (Európa születése) (1977); Tower of Babel (Bábel tornya) (1983), translated into many languages; Illustrated Encyclopedia of Heaven and Earth (Ég és a föld képes encyclopédiája) (1985); Remember Our Ancestors (Emlékezzünk eleinkről) (1996); Writer’s School (Iróiskola) (2001), and End Play - Comedy Play (Végjáték-Vígjáték) (2002). He was awarded the Attila József Prize (1973), the IBBY Prize (1986), János Arany Prize (1997), the Gáspár Károli Prize (1998), the Middle Cross of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (1992), and the Kossuth Prize in 2002. – B: 0874, 0878, 0877, 1031, T: 7103.→Vargha, Tamás. Varga, Erzsébet (Elizabeth) (Kisújfalu, now Nová Vieska, Slovakia, 12 January 1951 - Pozsony, now Bratislava, Slovakia, 8 April 1999) – Writer and poet. She completed her secondary studies at Párkány (now Stúrovo, Slovakia), in 1961. From 1969 to 1974 she studied at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Pozsony, and obtained a B.A. Degree in Hungarian and Latin. From 1974 to 1981 she was Editor of the paper, Week (Hét), also running its cultural column. From 1981 to 1983, she was Editor, and from 1983 to 1990 Editor-in-Chief of the periodical Literary Review (Irodalmi Szemle). From 1990 she was Literature Editor for the Madách-Posonium Publisher. Her poems, articles, critiques, literaterary-history studies and reports, also in Slovakian translation, were published in numerous papers and magazines, such as the Pioneers’ Paper (Pionírok Lapja); the New Youth (Új Ifjúság); the Week (Hét); from 1971, the Literary Review (Irodalmi Szemle); the Woman (Nő), and, from 1977, the Flame Palace (Tűzpalota). Her works include Green Waters, Red Pebbles (Zöld vízek, piros kavicsok) poems (1976); Ice-birds in Winter (Jégmadárkák télben) poems (1988); Tourist Lexicon of Slovakia (Szlovákiai turistalexikon) (1999), and The Pros and Cons (Érvek és ellenérvek), a study by Alexander Matuška, translation, 1982. – B: 1083, 1820, T: 7456. Varga, Ferenc (Francis) (Mezőkomárom, 15 October 1835 - Tárnok, southwest of Budapest, 2 July 1898) – Physician and veterinarian. In 1862 he obtained his Veterinary Degree from the University of Pest, and in 1864 his Medical Degree. From 1862 on, he was an associate of the Veterinary Therapeutic Institute and, from 1867, Deputy Director of the Quarantine Station of Vöröstorony Pass (between the Fogaras and Szeben Ranges of the Southern Carpathian Mountains, now in Romania). From 1875, he was a teacher at the Veterinary School and, from 1890, Professor at the Veterinary College, Budapest, giving lectures on Surgery, Pathology and Therapeutics. In 1881 he became its Director. His works include Textbook of Horse Shoeing (Patkolástan) (1866) and Natural History of Useful Domestic Mammals (Hasznos házi emlősállatok természetrajza) (1872). – B: 1730, T: 7456. Varga, Gyula (Julius) (Szentendre, 4 September 1902 - Budapest, 11 November 1973) – Physician; ear, nose and throat specialist. He received his Medical Degree in 1925, and he also obtained a Medical Degree from the University of Pécs. From 1928 to 1930 he worked at the St. Stephen Hospital (Szent István Kórház) of Budapest, and as a throat specialist at the Jewish Hospital of Budapest, from 1930 until 1950; from 1945 as Senior Physician. During 1950-1951, he was Senior Physician of the Kútvölgy-Street State Hospital of Budapest. Between the years 1951 and 1966, he was Head of the Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic in Budapest. He was Editor for the journal, Ear, Nose and Throat Therapeutics. He was engaged in the study of noise-induced illnesses, prevention, surgery, and Ménière’s disease. He introduced in Hungary the surgical improvement of hearing. His works include The Ear-Nose-and-Throat Pathology and Therapeutics (A fül, az orr és a gége kór- és gyógytan) (1965). – B: 1730, T: 7456. Varga, Imre (Emeric) (Györke, now Durkov, Slovakia, 1 October 1905 - Rimaszombat, now Rimavska Sobota, Slovakia, 10 December 1980) – Bishop of the Reformed Christian Church in Slovakia. After completing six elementary school grades in Györke, he was educated at the Reformed College, Sárospatak, from where he graduated in 1925. He studied Theology at the newly opened Reformed Theological Seminary in Losonc (now Lucenec, Slovakia). In 1925, he continued his studies in Halle, Germany. He was an assistant minister in Munkács (then Czechoslovakia, now Mukacheve, Ukraine), (1929-1930), and a minister in Rimaszombat (1930-1980). In the meantime, he taught New Testament Studies at the Seminary of Losonc, from 1932 until its closure in 1938. He was elected Bishop of the Reformed Christian Church in Slovakia, (1953-1980). He was Vice-President and a member of the Executive Committee of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches, and also a member of the Executive Committee of the Conference of European Churches. He received an Honorary Doctorate from the Comenius Faculty of the University of Prague in 1955. – B: 0941, T: 7103. Varga, István (1) (Stephen) (Vác, 7 May 1895 - Budapest, 17 January 1981) – Physician, dentist and odontologist. He obtained his Medical Degree from the University of Budapest in 1918. From 1918 he worked first in the No. 2 Surgical Clinic and, between 1923 and 1939, in the Stomatology Clinic. In 1945 he was delegated Head of the University Department, and until 1951 Senior Physician of the Odontological Surgical Section of the Metropolitan St. János (John) Hospital. From 1951 he was the Section’s Director and Professor, as well as Head of Department of Odontology; and between 1964 and 1969, he was Dean of the Faculty. His fields of research were odontology, prosthetic dentistry and orthodontics. He was Editor for the journal, Review of Dentistry (Fogorvosi Szemle). His works include Biological Orthodontics (Biológiai fogszabályozás) (1935), and Odontology (Szájsebészet), co-authored (1955). – B: 1730, T: 7456. Varga, István (2) (Stephen) (Szabadka, now Subotica, Serbia, 28 July 1920 - ) – Theater manager. He obtained his Manager’s diploma in Zágráb (now Zagreb, Croatia), under the tutorship of Branko Gavella, the greatest figure of Croatian theater life; thereafter, he was contracted by the Theater of Szabadka. Here he staged classical and contemporary plays in well-prepared, high standard performances. In 1958, he was transferred to Radio Újvidék (now Novi Sad, Serbia). He was one of the initiators to establish a permanent theater in Újvidék. Later he worked less and less as a theater manager. He retired in 1980, and lived a secluded life. Works he has managed include were Shaw’s, Candida; Zs. Móricz’s Gentlemen’s Fun (Úri muri); Shakespeare’s A Midsummer-Night’s Dream (Szeniványéji álom); Gogol’s The Inspector General (A revizor); Miller’s The Crucible (A salemi boszorkányok); M. Gorki’s The Night Refuge (Éjjeli mnedékhely); L. Németh’s Victory (Győzelem), and F. Deák’s Banquet (Tor). – B: 1445, T: 7456. Varga, János (John) (Abony, 21 October 1939 - ) – Wrestler. He began this sport in 1955. From 1960 to 1974 he was a competitor of the Club, Budapest Honvéd. Between 1961 and 1965, he won five times in national Greco-Roman style wrestling and in free style. All in all, he was an individual Hungarian champion fourteen times. From 1961 to 1973 he was a member of the selected team. In bantamweight he received a silver medal in the 1961 free-style Yokohama World Championship. He achieved further international results in Greco-Roman style. In 1963 he was world champion in Hälsingborg. In 1967 he won a silver medal in Bucharest, and was European champion in Minsk. In 1968 he was the Olympic Champion in Mexico; at the 1970 World Champion in Edmonton, and at the European Champion in Berlin. In 1972 he obtained a diploma in coaching at the School of Physical Education. From 1974 to 1990 he was the coach of the Honvéd Club, Budapest, while he was acting as the leader of the junior selected team from 1978 to 1993. In the Hungarian army, he was a colonel. He retired in 1990. B: 2111, T: 7456. Varga, József (1) (Joseph) (Budapest, 8 February 1891 - Budapest, 28 December 1956) – Chemical engineer and Minister of State. In 1920 he was made an honorary professor of the Budapest Polytechnic. During 1923 and 1938, he was a full professor. He was elected a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In 1939 he became the first Undersecretary of State in Industry, then Minister of Industries. During 1939 and 1943, Varga was Minister of Commerce and Transport and, from 1951, Director of the Institute of High-Pressure Experiments (Nagynyomású Kísérleti Intézet); from 1952 he was a professor at the University of Heavy Chemical Industry (Nehézvegyipari Egyetem) at Veszprém. The most significant results of Varga’s research work are the manufacture of synthetic petrol and similar materials capable of driving engines; the establishment of the hydrogen-sulphide effect; the so-called Varga-effect, and the internationally acclaimed invention of the high-pressure hydrogenation of black coal. The hydrocracking procedure is also linked to his name; for its development the Hungarian-German Varga Invention Society was formed, co-operating with the former German Democratic Republic. He patented his procedures and inventions in all the important oil producing nations. Numerous articles regarding the results of his research were published in both Hungarian and foreign scientific journals. He received the Kossuth Prize (1950, 1952). There is a József Varga Foundation in Budapest. – B: 0883, 1031, T: 7456. Varga, József (2) (Josef) (Külsővat, County Veszprém, 25 April 1923 - ?) – Historian and publicist. He read Law at the University of Budapest (1942-1947), and obtained a Doctorate in Law in 1947. From 1943 to 1947 he took part in the political youth movement, and in the activities of the Smallholders’ Party (Kisgazda Párt). Beginning in 1948, for political reasons, without a court decision, he spent five years in internment camps, including the infamous Recsk Camp. From 1953 to 1956, he was an unskilled laborer in Győr. After the 1956 Revolution and Freedom Fight, he fled to Austria and settled in Vienna. He was a member of the Austrian-Hungarian National Committee and the Hungarian Revolutionary Council of Strasbourg. From 1958 to 1961 he was an educator for young Hungarian refugee workers. From 1962 he was in charge of, and from 1966 to 1970 Director of the Europe-House of Vienna. Between 1971 and 1984, he was Head of the Science Assistance in the Cultural Bureau of Vienna. He lectured on science and published studies on the political history of East-Central Europe. Between 1965 and 1980, he edited and/or published nine studies in German. His writings in Hungarian appeared in New Horizon (Új Látóhatár), Catholic Review (Katolikus Szemle) and Viennese Diary (Bécsi Napló). His works include Schuldige Nation oder Vasall wider Willen? Beiträge zur Zeitgeschichte Ungarns und des Donauraumes I-II (1987, 1989), in Hungarian (1991). In December 1972, the Austrian Head of State conferred a professorial title on him. – B: 1672, T: 7456. Varga, Károly (Charles) (Budapest, 28 September 1955 - ) – Sport shooter. He started his sports career in the Honvéd Sports Club in 1972. Soon he was invited into the national selected team. He won a gold medal in the 50-meter rifle prone event at the 1980 Summer Olympic Games in Moscow. In 1983 he became a competitor of the Ujpest Dózsa Club. Until 1986 he was a member of the selected team. During his career he won the National Championship three times. T: 1031, B: 7103. Directory: sites -> default -> files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations files -> Nstructions for Acquiring Excess Equipment online, through the 1033 Program files -> Occupational health and safety files -> The Black Panther Party’s Ten Point Program files -> International programs roel profile files -> Fermi Questions a guide for Teachers, Students, and Event Supervisors Lloyd Abrams, Ph. D. DuPont Company, cr&D/ccas experimental Station Wilmington, de 19880 files -> Personal Information Name: Maha Al-Ammari Nationality: Saudi Relationship Status Download 0.6 Mb. Share with your friends:
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