It was the site of a victorious battle by the Honvéd army units against the Habsburg forces. – B: 1064, 1031, T: 7456. Vác, Bishopric and Chapter of



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Vata (Vatha) (11th century) – A leader of the Magyars, supposedly a pagan, who rose in revolt in 1046 against King Peter during his second reign, against the Christian Church and the new feudal social system. Vata, setting out from his castle at Békés on the Great Plain, raised troops and joined the Árpádian princes returning from Russia. Together with them, Vata arrived in Pest and, on the opposite Buda banks of the Danube, he had Bishop Gellért and his companions murdered, when they went in delegation to meet the Princes. He defeated King Peter (1038-1041) but, after the coronation of King Andrew I, Vata’s followers were suppressed. Andrew I set out to consolidate the new Christian order. Among Vata’s descendants, only his son John (János) is known: he was the leader of another Magyar uprising, when King Béla I (1060-1063) ascended the throne in 1060. The uprising was put down by King Béla, and about John’s fate only so much is known, that king Béla forbade John’s descendants to marry Christians. – B: 0883, 1078 T: 7456.→Gellért, Bishop; Rabonbán.
Vatai, László (Ladislas) (Poroszló, 14 July 1915 - Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1993) – Minister of the Reformed Church, philosopher, politician and writer. He completed his high school studies in Eger, and his Theological studies at the Reformed Theological Academy of Sárospatak. From there, he went to Berlin, and later to Philadelphia. He received a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania), where he became an honorary university lecturer (privatdozent). He was known in Hungary as one of the groundbreakers of existentialist philosophy. He was Secretary General of the Soli Deo Gloria Youth Organization from 1936 to 1940. From 1942 to 1947 he was Chaplain at the University of Budapest. In 1943 he taught as an honorary lecturer in Philosophy of Literature at the University of Budapest. During World War II, he took an active part in the Resistance Movement (against Hungary being allied to Germany) and, for this reason, the German secret police, the Gestapo, arrested him in 1944. After the war, during the coalition period in 1945, as a Member of Parliament, Vatai drafted the policy declaration of the Hungarian Independent Smallholders’ Party (Független Kisgazda Párt). He also lectured at the Faculty of Economics. However, in 1947, the Hungarian Secret Police (ÁVH) arrested him. While under temporary release, he managed to escape to the West with his family. They lived in Geneva, Switzerland for several years; he also spent a short time in London, where he served as minister of the Hungarian Reformed Congregation. Then they moved to the USA, and soon he served the congregations of Leechburg, Buffalo West Side, NY; Windsor, Ontario, Canada; the First Hungarian Presbyterian Church of Detroit, MI. USA, and, for several years, he was a minister of the Hungarian United Church in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Beginning in 1954, Vatai regularly delivered sermons on Radio Free Europe’s Protestant Broadcast Program that was listened to by millions. He was also a prolific author; in the 1950s he wrote his first book on the life of Dostoyevsky in English, under the title: Man and His Tragic Life. In 1990 in Budapest, his selected sermons appeared in a book under the title From Darkness Into Light (Sötétségből világosságba). The impact of his book on the life of the great poet Endre (Andrew) Ady, entitled God’s Monster, Ady’s Lyrics (Isten szörnyetege, Ady Lirája) was so profound that, even a Soviet Russian periodical had to review it. The book entitled Reshaded Map (Átszínezett térkép) contains many of his American discourses. His studies, essays and articles appeared in the New Horizon (Új Látóhatár), Chronicle, New Hungarian Way (Új Magyar Út), and other papers. He was also the author of Fight for the New World View, textbook, (in Hungarian, 1950). – B: 0906, 1672, T: 7617, 7456.→Ady, Endre.
Vathy, Zsuzsa (Susie) (Pápa, 15 April 1940 - ) – Writer and journalist. She completed her high school studies in Pápa in 1958 and, thereafter, she studied and earned a Degree from the University of Chemical Engineering of Veszprém. From 1965 she worked as an engineer of the Oil-refinery of Százhalombatta. From 1970 she worked as a journalist. Since 1986 she has been editor of the children’s column of the weekly, Illustrated 7 (Képes 7). From 1990 to 1992 she was Editor of the prose column of the journal Contemporary (Kortárs). In her works, considered autobiographical, the subjects are the problems of the child and youth, the contrast between generations, replacement of youth, and change of life-style. Her works include Fields of Power (Erőterek) short story (1970); The Ancestral Roof (Az ősi háztető) short story (1980); I Am At Home (Itthon vagyok) novel (1987); Our Life, Our Death (Életünk, halálunk) novelettes (2007), and Amusement Park (Angolpark) short stories (2009). Her distinctions include the Attila József Prize (1986) and the Sándor Márai Prize (2010). – B: 0878, 1257, T: 7456.
Vay, Ádám (Vaja, 11 May 1657 - Dancka, now Gdansk, Poland, 31 January 1719) – Police commissioner in Prince Ferenc (Francis) Rákóczi II’s Court, and Colonel in the insurgent Kuruc army (opposing the oppression of the Habsburg rule in Hungary). He was a member of the lesser nobility with landed property in County Szabolcs. Quite early in his life he did active military service in Count Imre Thököly’s insurgent forces. As a result, he was several times inconvenienced (in person and property) and only received complete amnesty in 1700. From this time on, he was active in the entourage of Prince Rákóczi. In 1701, together with the Prince, he was captured by the Habsburg forces and incarcerated in the Wiener-Neustadt prison. He was freed in 1702, and joined Rákóczi’s movement against Habsburg rule. Rákóczi first made him Police Commissioner of his court; later on, appointed him to be that of the Yazigs (Jászok) and Cumanians (Kunok,) living on a part of the Great Hungarian Plain (Nagyalföld); later on, he was made Police Commissioner of County Békés. He was one of the Prince’s most trusted counselors; he did not acknowledge the Peace of Szatmár of 1711. From the end of 1711, he lived in Poland (Dacka/Danzig/Gdansk). He wrote his autobiography in verse form while still in the Habsburgs’ prison. In Danzig, he composed political pamphlets, such as the political Animadversiones Apologiacae, (1706), siding with Prince Rákóczi to the end, despite the fact that he and his family lived in poverty. Vay’s ashes were brought back from Turkey to Hungary for burial in Vaja when, in 1906, the remains of Prince Ferenc Rákóczi II and those of his fellow exiles were brought back to Hungary, and were reburied at Vaja. His picture, painted by Ádám Mányoki, is in the National Museum in Budapest; his old castle and a High School in Baktalórántháza bear his name. – B: 0883, 1031, T: 7456.→Rákóczy II, Prince Ferenc; Thököly, Count Imre; Vay, Baron Miklós; Vay Family; Kuruc; Mányoki, Ádám.
Vay, Baron Miklós (Nicholas) (Serke, 6 September 1756 - Pest, 11 May 1824) – Brigadier-General, Military Officer of the Engineer Corps and Royal Commissioner. He was the great-grandson of Ádám Vay, a high officer of Prince Ferenc (Francis) Rákóczi II. Miklós Vay studied at the Reformed College of Sárospatak, and excelled in mathematics. He continued his studies at the Military Academy of Engineers of Leingruben, Germany, from 1776. With a royal scholarship, he went on a study trip to Western Europe (1786-1788). He visited France, the Netherlands, Germany and England, where he became an associate of Jesse Ramsden, the excellent maker of precision instruments, and a member of the Royal Society (1787). Vay, as an artillery captain, participated the war against the Turks, which started in April 1788. He was present at the capture of Sabác and Belgrade. In the fighting, his right eye was wounded and had to be removed. As a Brigadier-General, after his retirement, he became a farmer on his estate of Alsózsolca, where he introduced intensive farming. From England, he brought with him plans for ploughing, sowing and harvesting machines, and also a model of spinning equipment. He had other inventions too. He introduced potato production to County Szabolcs. From 1790, he was a Commissioner to the Diets. Due to his sharp criticism, the King divested him of his rank; but it was soon restored because of the protest of the Estates. From 1804 until his death, he was Royal Commissioner for the improvement of the flow of the rivers of Tisza and Körös. In 1809, he participated in the war against France. His works remained in manuscript form. A Technical School in Sárospatak bears his name. – B: 0883, T: 7103.→Vay, Ádám; Vay Family.
Vay Family – The first known ancestor of the family was Dennis de Voya, whose name was first recorded in a 1350 document. They possessed the village of Vaja, in County Szabolcs, in the 14th century. One of the outstanding members of the noble family was László (Ladislas) Vay (ca.1300), who was Bishop of Várad (Nagyvárad, now Oradea, Romania). Another renowned member was Titusz Vay, who heroically rescued King Zsigmond (Sigismund of Luxembourg, 1387-1437), from the lost Battle of Nikápoly (or Nicopolis, now Nikopol, Bulgaria) in 1396. This scene was painted on the ceiling of the Castle of Vaja. In subsequent centuries the Ibrányis and the Jármys joined the Vay family through marriage. The most famous member of the family was Ádám Vay, the Court Marshal of Reigning Prince Ferenc (Francis) Rákóczi II (1705-1711). Miklós (Nicholas) Vay (1756-1824) was a military engineer and Brigadier-General. His son, Miklós (Nicholas) Vay, (1802-1894), was Lord Lieutenant of the County, and Guardian of the Crown. Due to his revolutionary activity, he was sentenced to death in 1849, but the sentence was commuted to four years imprisonment and, after eight months, he was pardoned. His son, Nicholas (1828-1886) was a renowned sculptor. The descendants of the family lived in the Castle of Vaja until the middle of the 1940s. – B: 0942, 2056, T: 7103.→Vay, Ádám; Vay, Baron Miklós.
Vázsonyi, Endre (Andrew) (Budapest, 6 January 1906 - Bloomington IN, 7 December 1986) – Journalist, critic and translator of literary works. He read Law at the University of Budapest; later, he became a journalist. Between 1926 and 1941, he was a theater critic for the paper, News (Újság). In 1945 he was a correspondent for the paper, Freedom (Szabadság). From 1945 to 1948 he was Head of the Capital City of Budapest Literary Institute (Budapest Székesfőváros Irodalmi Intézete). In 1948 and 1949 he was President of the Franklin Publishers. From 1954 he was Head of the Reader’s Department of the Ferenc Móra Youth Book Publishers. He translated French belles-letters into Hungarian. In 1964 he emigrated with his wife, the ethnographer Linda Dégh, to the USA. At Indiana University of Bloomington, he was Scientific Associate of the Linguistic and Semiotic Research Institute, and, with his wife, he carried out ethnographical and sociological research on the American-Hungarian settlements. One of his works is The Hypothesis of Multiconduit Transmission in Folklore, with Linda Dégh (1975). – B: 1672, T: 7456.→Móra, Ferenc; Dégh, Linda.
Vázsonyi, Vilmos (William) (Vilmos Weissfeld) (Sümeg, 22 March 1868 - Baden bei Wien, 29 May 1926) – Lawyer and politician. He read Law at the University of Budapest and became a successful lawyer. In 1894, he established the Democratic Circle, and was elected Member of Parliament in 1901. From 1917 on, he was a minister in successive administrations. He was against anti-war movements. He emigrated from Hungary, while the Council (Soviet) Republic existed; after its fall he returned. He reorganized his party under the name of the Democratic Civil Party (Demokrata Néppárt). He participated in the creation of the Leftist Democratic Block in 1924. He was under attack in the Parliament in the Franks Counterfeit case. A Senior Citizens Home bears his name in Budapest. – B: 0883, 1122, T: 7103.
Vazul (Vászoly) (ca 977-978 - 1037) – Prince of the House of Árpád, grandson of Prince Taksony, son of Prince Mihály (Michael), who was a brother of Géza-István. Vazul was baptized along with his father, and later imprisoned in Nyitra (now Nitra, Slovakia) to ensure the enthronement of Imre (Emeric), son of King István I (St Stephen, 1000-1038). Upon the death of Prince Imre, Vazul was released and made governor of the Duchy of Nyitra. When King István ignored the rules of succession upon the death of his son, and appointed Peter as his successor, Vazul plotted against the King. He, however, was captured, imprisoned, blinded and deafened to eliminate him as a candidate to rule. His sons, Levente, András (Andrew) and Béla were exiled, but later András and Béla returned and ruled as András I (1046-1060) and Béla I (1060-1063). From 1046, for 255 years, Vazul’s descendants ruled in Hungary. – B: 1231, 0883, T: 7658.→ István I, King; Imre, Saint Prince; Levente; Árpád, House of.
Vécsey, Count Károly (Charles) (Pest, 1807 - Arad, 6 October 1849) – Honvéd general, one of the martyrs of Arad. As a Hussar officer in the Imperial Army, he reached the rank of Major. In the spring of 1848, he offered his services to the Hungarian Government, and excelled as commander of an army unit by putting down a Serb nationalist uprising in Kikinda and Óbecse (now Bečej, Serbia). On 12 October 1848, he was made Colonel and Commander of the Bácska Army Corps. On 21 August 1849, at Világos, he surrendered to Fjodor Vasilievitch Rüdiger, Russian General. His family, faithful to the Emperor, abandoned him. Haynau, the Austrian General, with special cruelty for his besieging of Arad and Temesvár, forced him to view the execution of his comrades before being the last to be hanged. According to witnesses, because he could not say goodbye to any of his comrades, he kissed the hand of General János (John) Damjanich, who was executed before him. – B: 1230, 0883, 1153, T: 7669.→Arad, Martyrs of.
Vecsey, Ferenc (Francis) (Budapest, 23 March 1893 - Rome, Italy, 5 May 1935) – Violin virtuoso, composer. First he studied with his father, Lajos (Louis), completed his studies under Jenő (Eugene) Hubay, and studied in Berlin with József (Joseph) Joachim. He first appeared on the concert stage in Berlin at the age of 10. Thereafter, he gave numerous concerts all over the world, especially in America and Eastern Asia. In Budapest, he was always a celebrated artist. He became known worldwide for his elegant style and virtuosity. He was the most popular among Hungarian violinists. He won his audience over with a distinguished appearance, superior virtuosity, and refined performance. He further made his name known in performances of minor chamber music and virtuoso solo compositions. His works include Virtuoso Solo Pieces for the Violin (Virtuóz szólódarabok hegedűre), Valse triste, and various salon pieces. – B: 1197, 0833, 1231, T: 7684, 7667.→Hubay, Jenő; Joachim, József.
Vécsey, Zoltán (Fogaras, now Fǎgǎraş, Romania, 3 March 1892 - Sümeg, 31 March 1984) – Writer, teacher, one time Premonstratensian friar. He taught at the high school of the Premonstratensians in the town of Kassa (now Kosice, Slovakia) from 1914 to 1919. Because of his play entitled Bestia (Beast) (1919), he had to leave the Order. From 1919 he worked as a journalist, first as correspondent of Kassa Diary (Kassai Napló), and from 1925 that of the Prague Hungarian News (Prágai Magyar Hírlap). As a result of his articles on the protection of national minorities, his paper was seized several times. In his novel, entitled the Crying Town, vols. i,ii,iii (Síró város I-III) (1931), he featured the occupation of the town by the Czechs: a documentary of an age, which was seized by the authorities, its copies pulped. In 1933 he settled in Hungary. Until 1940, he was editor of the paper Hungarian Writing (Magyar Írás), later he returned to high school teaching. After the 1945 siege of Budapest, he was teaching Economics and Sociology in the Miklós Zrinyi High School, where he finished up as its Head Master before it was closed down. Later he taught Geography at the István Széchenyi High School of Budapest. For the journal popularizing science, entitled Life and Science (Élet és Tudomány) launched in 1946, he was one of the founders and its editor. He was also the editor of the methodological journal The Teaching of Geography (A Földrajz Tanítása) during the years 1958 to 1967. In Hungary mainly his books and studies on geography were published. In the program popularizing science, he gave more than one thousand lectures. His dramatic works feature the conflicts of monastic existence. His novels however created no response. He was the first Slovakian Hungarian writer on crime. Vécsey was a talented linguist: he could speak and write in 10 languages, and was a well-known writer on chess. His works include John the Priest (János pap), novel (1925); Valse triste, novel (1934); Miracle of the Swamp (A láp csodája), novel (1943); New life (Új élet), play (1919), and Sacred Secret (Szent titok), play (1923). He was the author of numerous science-popularizing works, such as From the Secrets of Science (A tudomány rejtelmeiből; Perished Peoples, Extinct Cultures (Elpusztult népek, elpusztult kultúrák) and Inflamed Earth (Forrongó föld). – B: 1031, T: 7456.→Trianon Peace Treaty; Atrocities against Hungarians.

Vedres, István (Stephen) (Szeged, 22 September 1765 - Szeged, 4 November 1830) – Writer and engineer. He studied at the Art Faculty of the University of Pest; later at the Engineering Institute, obtaining his engineering qualifications in 1786. As the Engineer of the town of Szeged, he directed a variety of public works. He carried out pioneering work in stabilizing drift-sand with forestation in the outskirts of Csengele (1789). Later, in 1808, he organized a famous model farm of 5000 acres in the outskirts of Szőreg-Gyála (southeast of Szeged), by flood-protection and regulation of waterways. He was the author of a pamphlet (1805) on the Danube-Tisza Canal along Soroksár-Kecskemét-Kiskunfélegyháza-Szeged line, and a pamphlet on the commercial harbor and warehouse of Szeged. Of all his canal plans, the one dealing with the Transtibiscan flood-control was printed in 1830. He proposed the setting up of water storage basins, irrigation systems, development of rice-growing and lake-farming. Vedres was one of the initiators of the Hungarian-language agricultural, technical literature. In his writings in the field of economics, he was the forerunner of the reform-age economics. The effect of his ideas of water-management and conservation can be shown in Count István (Stephen) Széchenyi’s ideas. As a literary writer, he was a member of the Circle of András Dugonics. The rock-theater of Szeged was enlarged according to his plans and, in 1803, it was here that the four-part play of heroes, entitled The Love of One’s Country… (A Haza szeretete…) was performed. His works include The New Navigable Canal Connecting the Tisza with the Danube (A Tiszát a Dunával összvekaptsoló ujj hajókázható tsatarna) (1805), and The Usability of the Barren Sand (A sivány homokság használhatása) (1825). A Builders’ Technical School in Szeged bears his name. – B: 0883, 1257, T: 7456. →Széchenyi, Count István; Dugonics, András.
Vedres, Márk (Ungvár, now Uzhhorod, Carpatho-Ukraine, 13 September 1870 - Budapest, 12 August 1961) – Sculptor. He studied with Simon Hollósy in Munich, and with Auguste Rodin in Paris, who influenced his style. His early works are characterized by impressionism. In 1902, he went to Florence, and became a member of the Society of A. Hildebrand. From 1923 to 1934, he spent most of his time in Florence, and only later settled down in Hungary. Between 1923 and 1934, he worked in the Cubist style; later, he returned to the Classic tradition. His statues mostly include nudes, such as Girl with Pitcher (Korsós lány) (1908); Standing Nude (Álló női akt) (1910), and Couple (Emberpár) (1913). After World War II, he engaged in monumental tasks, such as the Fountain of Peace (Béke kútja) composition, erected only after his death in Budapest. He was engaged in designing tombs. Some of his statues were erected in Florence and Switzerland. His creations were exhibited in Paris, Berlin, Vienna, London, Cologne and Amsterdam. He was a recipient of several prizes and awards in Vienna, Paris, London and San Francisco. He received the Outstanding Artist title in 1958, and the Kossuth Prize in 1948 and 1960. – B: 0872, 0934, 1031, T: 7103.→Hollósy, Simon.
Végel, László (Ladislas, (Szenttamás, now Srbobran, Vojvodina, 1 February 1941 - ) – Hungarian writer, dramatist and essayist. He attended school in Újvidék (now Novi Sad Serbia), where he now resides. At the University of Újvidék, he studied Hungarian Literature, and at the University of Belgrade, he read Philosophy. He has been Editor of the Lookout (Kilátó) literary supplement of the daily, Hungarian Word (Magyar Szó) (1971-1990), and was a dramaturge for the TV in Újvidék, which he left during a purge in 1991. He spent the tragic decade of the South-Slav War as the coordinator of the Novi Sad Office of the Open Society Foundation. He started his literary career in 1965 by publishing critical texts in the journal New Symposium (Új Symposium). Since then, he has been intensely present in the literature of Hungarians in Vojvodina (Vajdaság), and also in the former Yugoslavia, then Serbia.  He has published in all the significant literary magazines in the country, e.g. Polja (Zagreb, 1968-1971), the daily Politika (Belgrade), and the Prologe in Zagreb (1987-1988).  Since the social changes in 1989, he has been publishing books in Hungary, as well as articles in the more significant Hungarian journals. Since the 1960s, Végel has been a notable figure of the Hungarian Literature of Vojvodina, and that of public life. Between 1994 and 2002, he was Director of the Serbian Office of the Soros Foundation. Since 2003, he has been a Council Member of the Helsinki Committee in Belgrade. He studied in Berlin on a scholarship from 2004 to 2007. His works include Memoirs of a Pimp (Egy makró emlékiratai), novel (1967); A Course on Passions (A szenvedélyek tanfolyma) novel (1969); The Challenge of a Poem (A vers kihívása) essays (1975); Abraham’s Knife (Ábrahám kése); Theater essays, studies (1987); Judit, Dramas (Judit, drámák) (1989); The Novi Sad Trilogy (Újvidéli triógia) novel (1993); The Great Central-Eastern-European Feast Enters the Picaresque Novel (A nagy Közép-Kelet-Európai Lakoma bevonul a pikareszk regénybe) essays (1996); Outer-Rim (Peremvidék) (2000); Homeless Essays (Hontalan esszék) (2002), and Judita and Other Dramas (Judita és más drámák) (2005). In his works he analyses the basic questions of minority existence. His works were translated into English, Serbian, Slovene, German, Dutch and Albanian. He is the recipient of a number of distinctions, including the Endre Ady Prize (1993), the Gold Medal of the President of the Republic of Hungary (2000), the Book of the Year Prize (2001), the Pulitzer Memorial Prize (2005), the Officer’s Cross of Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (2005), and the Kossuth Prize (2009). – B: 1031, 2079, T: 7103.
Végh, Antal (Anthony) (Jánkmajtis, 14 October 1933 - Budapest, 19 December 2000) – Writer and sociologist. He completed his secondary education in Debrecen; thereafter he taught in country schools and concurrently obtained a diploma in Education. From 1962, he was a freelance writer in Budapest, and from 1989, Editor-in-Chief for the journal, New Times (Új Idők). In a series of interviews, he wrote about the turn of events in his life. He recorded authentically the customs of his birthplace. His most successful short stories cover the changes in the lifestyle of the peasants. He warned about the backwardness and the problems of some regions. He reported in travelogues on his travels in Scandinavia, North America and Transylvania (Erdély, now in Romania). He was also engaged in sports issues, which volumes brought about a great deal of storm. In his works for the stage, he featured the problems of small country towns. Among his works are Life with Blue Eyes (Kékszemű élet) novel (1963); On Northern Tracks (Északi utakon) travelogue (1980), and The Black Rainbow (A fekete szívárvány) novel (1996). He was presented with the Literary Foundation Prize in 1981. – B: 0878, 1257, T: 7456.

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