Japan Aff Michigan
Self Determination Add-On
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- B. American bases have belittled Japanese sovereignty Kirk and Feffer ‘08
- C. Suppression of self-determination triggers war Morris ’99
- D. Wars as a result of suppressed self-determination go nuclear Shehadi ‘93
Self Determination Add-OnA. Okinawans believe there will never be a sense of self-determination under Obama’s foreign policy Considine ‘10 [Craig, M.S. International Relations & Politics University of London, Research Assistant at The American University School of International Service, “Empire and Okinawa”, 4/27, http://craigconsidine.wordpress.com/2010/04/27/empire-and-okinawa/] The Okinawan rally is symbolic because it suggests many Japanese feel it can never be a self-determined and sovereign nation until the American military bases leave the island. Perhaps Washington still considers Japan to be its puppet based on the premise that it re-built the entire country (in a way that suited American interests, of course) after dropping two Atomic Bombs on Nagasaki and Hiroshima and so it thinks it is still entitled to maintaining a physical presence, a military one at that, in Japan. Foreign Policy in Focus made an insightful point about how ‘the Listener-in-Chief [Obama] has not paid any attention to the democratic wishes of Okinawans, or the rest of Japan for that matter’. FPIF also notes ‘The Obama administration has put enormous pressure on Japanese Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama to abide by a 2006 agreement that would close the Futenma air base (a good thing) and open a new base in another part of Okinawa (a bad thing). Hatoyama ran on a platform that opposed base relocation within Okinawa’. To be frank, does Obama even care about promoting democracy around the world? Or is he more interested in preserving the United States’ military stronghold in Japan? B. American bases have belittled Japanese sovereignty Kirk and Feffer ‘08 [Gwyn, Ph. D. Political Sociology London School of Economics, John, co-director of Foreign Policy at the Institute for Policy Studies, PanTech Fellow in Korean Studies at Stanford University, “Gender and U.S. Bases is Asia-Pacific”, 3/14, http://www.fpif.org/articles/gender_and_us_bases_in_asia-pacific] The expansion of U.S. military bases and operations has had a huge adverse impact on local communities at social, economic, political, and environmental levels. Host governments and local business elites are complicit in this. They equate progress and economic development with U.S. corporate and military interests instead of addressing the effects of U.S. militarism on local communities. The United States uses political and economic control to exert military force in the Pacific region. Allied nations trade sovereignty for militarized “security.” Japan and South Korea both pay for upkeep of U.S. troops and the restructuring or expansion of U.S. bases in their countries. C. Suppression of self-determination triggers war Morris ’99 [Glenn, Professor of the Fourth World Center for the Study of Indigenous Law and Policy at the University of Colorado, Native American Sovereignty, p. 324-325] More important, the purpose here is to indicate that through the application of contemporary principles of international law, particularly in the area of decoloni¬zation and self-determination, indigenous peoples must ultimately be entitled to decide for themselves the dimensions of their political, economic, cultural, and social conditions. It must be emphasized that the construction of this position is not based in the supposition that because indigenous peoples constitute ethnic or cultural minorities in larger societies they must be protected due to that status. Rather, the position is that since Europeans first wandered into the Western hemisphere they have acknowledged the unique status of indigenous peoples qua indigenous peoples. That status is only now being reacknowledged through the application of evolving principles of positive and customary international law. While such assertions may seem novel and untenable at present, it should be recalled that just forty years ago, tens of millions of people languished under the rule of colonial domination; today, they are politically independent. Central to their independence was the development and acceptance of the right to self-determination under international law. Despite such developments, many colonized peoples were forced by desperate conditions to engage in armed struggle to advance their legitimate aspirations. Similarly, for many indigenous peoples few viable options remain in their quest for control of their destinies. Consequently, a majority of the current armed conflicts in the world are not between established states, but between indigenous peoples and states that seek their subordination. Armed struggle for most indigenous peoples represents a desperate and untenable strategy for their survival. Nonetheless, it may remain an unavoidable option for many of them, because if their petitions seeking recognition of their rights in international forums are ignored, many indigenous peoples, quite literally, face extermination. D. Wars as a result of suppressed self-determination go nuclear Shehadi ‘93 [Kamal, Research Associate at the International Institute for Strategic Studies, December, Ethnic Self Determination And the Break Up of States, p. 81] This paper has argued that self-determination conflicts have direct adverse consequences on international security. As they begin to tear nuclear states apart, the likelihood of nuclear weapons falling into the hands of individuals or groups willing to use them, or to trade them to others, will reach frightening levels. This likelihood increases if a conflict over self-determination escalates into a war between two nuclear states. The Russian Federation and Ukraine may fight over the Crimea and the Donbass area; and India and Pakistan may fight over Kashmir. Ethnic conflicts may also spread both within a state and from one state to the next. This can happen in countries where more than one ethnic self-determination conflict is brewing: Russia, India and Ethiopia, for example. The conflict may also spread by contagion from one country to another if the state is weak politically and militarily and cannot contain the conflict on its doorstep. Lastly, there is a real danger that regional conflicts will erupt over national minorities and borders. Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. 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