Kursk state medical university

MEMORIZE THE WORDS

1. 
   bursa, ae f - bag
   
2. 
   vena portae, (Gen. – venae portae) - portal vein
   
3. 
   medulla spinalis - spinal cord
   

1. 
   cerebellum, i n - cerebellum
   
2. 
   cerebrum, i n - cerebrum, larger portion of the brain
   
3. 
   encephalon, i n - brain
   
4. 
   nervus, i m - nerve
   
5. 
   ganglion , i n - ganglion - knot, node (neural),
   
6. 
   oculus, i m - eye
   
7. 
   ostium, i n - orifice, entrance
   

1. 
   cavus, a, um - hollow
   
2. 
   laryngeus, a, um - laryngeal
   
3. 
   pharyngeus, a, um - pharyngeal
   
4. 
   profundus, a, um - deep, profound
   
5. 
   cutaneus, a um - cutaneus, relating to the skin
   
6. 
   ischiadicus, a um - ischial or sciatic
   
7. 
   squamosus, a, um - squamous; squamate; scaly - covered
   

8. 
   petrosus, a, um - petrous - relating to the petrous portion
   

9. 
   trapezoideus, a um - trapezoid - resembling a trapezium
   

11. parvus, a, um - small

12. latus, a ,um - broad

13. longus, a, um - long

1. 
   dorsalis, e - dorsal - pertaining to the back;
   
2. 
   ventralis, e - ventral - pertaining to the front;
   
3. 
   parietalis, e - parietal –relating to the wall of any cavity;
   
4. 
   facialis, e - facial – pertaining to the surface or face;
   
5. 
   muscularis, e - muscular – pertaining to a muscle.
   

6. 
   major, ius - greater; major
   
7. 
   minor, us - lesser; minor
   
8. 
   superior, ius - superior (above)
   
9. 
   inferior, ius - inferior (below)
   
10. 
    anterior, ius - anterior (in front of)
    
11. 
    posterior, ius - posterior (behind)
    

2. Status naturalis - natural state;

3. Status quo - the existing (present) state;

4. Tabula rasa - a clean board (may be addressed to a person,

who knows nothing in a certain field of activities);

5. Terra incognita -an unknown land (an unknown field of

knowledge is implied).

LESSON SIX

TASKS FOR CONTROL

1. brain 1. larger brain

2. pharyngeal 2. laryngeal

3. mastoid 3. sciatic

4. dorsal 4. ventral

5. deep 5. petrous

6. neural knot 6. nerve

7. eye 7. orifice

8. squamous 8. trapezoid

9. muscular 9. facial

10. hollow 10. cutaneous

II Write the Dictionary form of each word. Translate the terms into Latin and put them into the Gen. sing.:

2. greater palatal canal 2. lesser petrosal nerve

1. small 1. large

2. long 2. broad
IV Answer the questions:

1. 
   How can one recognize the form of the Comparative degree of adjectives?
   
2. 
   What does the Dictionary form the Comparative degree consist of?
   
3. 
   According to what declension is the form of the Comparative degree of adjectives changed?
   
4. 
   How is the base of an adjective in the Comparative degree singled out?
   

EXERCISES:

I. Fill in the blanks, put the terms into the Gen. Sing, translate them into English:

Fissura orbital … infer…

Foramen ethmoidal…anter…

Processus articular… infer…

Ligamentum longitudinal…anter…

Spina tympanic…min…

Linea glute…anter…

Tuberculum thyroide…super…

2. 
   Write the dictionary form of each word. Translate the terms into Latin
   

Orifice of the inferior vena cava, large occipital foramen, anterior surface of the ulna, anterior horn of the spinal cord, anterior iliac spine, superior head of the pterygoid muscle, groove of the inferior petrosal sinus, greater wing of sphenoid bone.

THE SUPERLATIVE DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES

The Superlative degree of all the adjectives, besides those ending in –er, a, um*, is formed by adding the suffix –issim- and the endings –us, a, um to the base of the Positive degree, for example:

Longus, a, um - long +-issim +us, a, um - longissimus, a, um

Brevis,e - brev + -issim +us, a, um - brevissimus, a, um

NB! The Superlative degree has the same generic endings and the same dictionary form as the adjectives of the 1^st group in the Positive degree. The adjectives in the Superlative degree are therefore declined according to the 1^st and 2^nd declension.

For example:

Nom. Sing. - musculus longissimus (the longest muscle)

Gen. Sing. - musculi longissimi (of the longest muscle)

Nom. Sing. - linea longissima (longest line)

Gen. Sing. - lineae longissimae (of the longest line)

Memorize three Degrees of Comparison of the adjectives with the meanings “small” and “large”:

Positive Comparative Superlative

magnus, a, um - major, ius -maximus, a, um (the greatest ,

highest)

parvus, a, um; -minor, us -minimus, a, um (the smallest,

the least)

The Superlative degree or the adjective “superior,ius” is

“ supremus, a, um “(supreme, the highest).

Compare: dosis maxima ( the highest dosage);

linea suprema ( the highest line)

Sometimes, the adjectives “maximus, a ,um” and “supremus, a, um” are translated into English in the same way: “the highest”. But “maximus” is used when the highest quantity is characterized, and “supremus” – when

the position is meant.

____________________________________________________________

* The Superlative Degree of adjectives ending in –er, a, um is formed by adding the suffix –rim- to the form of the masculine gender, for example:

ruber,bra,brum – ruber + rim + us,a,um - ruberrimus,a,um.

EXERCISE 1

Write the dictionary form of each word. Translate the terms into Latin:

Broadest muscle of the back, bag of the broadest muscle of the back, supreme line of the nape, longest muscle of the head, highest turbinated bone (nasal shell), gluteus maximus muscle, gluteus minimus muscle, longest muscle of the neck, little (the smallest) finger,short muscle of the little finger.

COMPOUND ADJECTIVES

Compound adjectives include two or three roots (bases) and are used to denote anatomical formations (nerve, vessel, etc), connecting two organs or belonging to two organs. The combining vowel “-o-” is used to connect the bases of compound adjectives, for example, - nervus musculocutaneus ( musculocutaneous nerve).

Mind, that Latin bases are preserved in the English equivalents of such adjectives.

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