Let’s Talk 2 中级听说 课程教案 2006-2007学年第三学期 (夏季学期)
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IX. Reference 1. Web sites: http://www.saberingles.com.ar/lists/personality1.html http://www.inglesmundial.com/A3/vocabulary.htm Unit Two Getting to know more about you
On completion of this chapter, students should be able to:
III. Teaching Approaches and Facilities 1. Look and talk 2. Group discussion 3. Group work 4. Situational conversation 5. Pair work 6. Guessing 7. Role playing 8. Individual work IV. Background Information
According to psychologists, people form first impressions based first on how you look, then on how you sound, and finally on what you say. Your physical appearance-how you look-makes up 55 percent of a first impression. This includes facial expressions, body language, and eye contact, as well as clothing and general appearance. The way you sound makes up 38 percent of the first impression. This includes how fast or slowly, loudly or softly you speak, and your tone of voice. People listen to your tone of voice and decide whether you sound friendly or unfriendly, interested or bored, and happy or sad. What you say – the actual words you use- counts for only 7 percent of the message. People form their first impressions within ten seconds of meeting you. And first impressions don’t change easily. If someone gets the wrong impression of you, it can take a long time to change his or her mind. Giving a good first impression depends on many things. Everyone behaves in different ways, but when you’re not sure you’re giving a good impression, the best thing to do is asking yourself, “What would I think of someone who acted this way?”
Body Language We watch each other's body language all the time, but are often unaware of our own. Yet that is the first signal that we are happy and confident, or upset and fearful. Interviewers are especially cognizant of body language, because it can tell them so much about you.
3. Verbal Language What will you say and how you say it are equally important?
4. Ten ways to make a positive lasting impression when working in a company:
5. Topics that should be avoided when starting a conversation: For all other conversations it is best to completely avoid these conversation topics. If someone brings up one of these topics you can try to start the conversation in a different direction to help avoid silence and awkwardness.
Talking about your health problems may seem like a great thing to do , however, some people do not enjoy hearing all the gory details. You should not monopolize a conversation and talking about your bad health automatically turns you into the center of attention and turns all conversation towards you. Some people are just plain disgusted by medical stuff and would rather you skip the story about your recent operation. Unless asked about your health avoid this topic. Even when asked keep it simple and avoid details.
There is no better way to alienate the other people in your conversation than by using language they can not understand. Some people may even see it as you trying to be a know it all, which only reflects poorly on you. If technical language is essential to something you are talking about then be sure to explain it. Also avoid speaking down to others when explaining. Remember they are not dumb, just not everyone knows all the technical lingo you may.
This is especially a no-no during a dating conversation. You do not want to be known as the one in your group who is always complaining about love gone wrong. You can come across as bitter and jealous if you are talking about a past bad relationship. It is just best to avoid it and remember the saying that if you have nothing nice to say then say nothing at all.
Some people are very uncomfortable talking openly about sex. Unless you reslly know the other people well it is best to avoid any sexual references during a conversation. It is very easy to offend someone when this topic comes up.
These would be religion or politics. These things can really take a conversation from friendly to debate in no time. People are passionate about these things so stay away from these topics. 6. Cultural differences on politeness between western and Chinese. (1) Greeting and Parting When people meet acquaintances or friends, people usually greet each other The purpose of greeting is to establish or maintain social contact. So formulaic expressions are often used, but such formulaic expressions often causes conflict because of the great cultural differences between Chinese and native English speakers. In English, people often employ the following expressions to greet each other “Good morning/evening/afternoon. “Fine day, isn’t it? ”How is everything going?” Have you eaten yet?” What are you going to do?” Where have you been?” etc. Westerners treat them as real question. While in Chinese, we always say “你吃了吗？”“你上哪里去？”“你干什么去？”to show our consideration. Parting may be divided into two steps. Before the final prating, there is usual a leave-taking. Western and Chinese cultures have diverse ways to deal with leave- takings. Firstly, in English society, during the closing phase of an encounter, from ”I” perspective, reasons for terminating the encounter are presented in mitigatory comments. Typical comments are associated with expressions of apology, such as “I” am afraid I must be off, I have to relieve the baby-sitter” etc. Western people believe that to be willing to visit and converse with someone is to have respect for him.; to terminate the visiting is not of one’s own free will, but because of some other arrangements, therefore they always try to make their leaving sound reluctant by finding some reasons and apologize for it to make the leaving acceptable for both parties. English speakers often signal severaltimes before leaving. “Well, it’s been nice to see you again. I do enjoy our talk and the lovely dinner, but I must be going soon”. Thank you very much for asking me over. I hope we’ll be able to get together again before long…” Consolidation in a wider range of common acquaintances also occurs, in expressions such as “Say hello to Jack for me” or “Remember me to John”. In Chinese society, during the closing phase of and encounter, usually, from a “you ”perspective, reasons for ending the encounter are set forth in mitigatory expressions. Such expressions include“你挺忙的，我就不多打扰了。”“你一定累了，早点休息吧，我要告辞了。”, etc. With these words, they may stand up from their seats. Chinese leave-taking is very short and quick. Western people think it so abrupt that they have not prepare for it. While moving to the door, Chinese employ expressions of apology like“对不起没，打扰了。”“对不起，占用你不少时间。”It should be noted that these expressions employed by Chinese guests to show concern for their hosts can only be appropriate for business visits in the English environment (2). Addressing AddressingBoth western and Chinese people have two kinds of personal names---a surname and a given name. But the order and the use of these names in the two languages are somewhat different. In Chinese, the surname comes first and then the given name . And people like add“小”before their family name. Such as“小王”、“小郑”、 “小李”、“小徐”and so on.. While westerners names are written and spoken with the given name first and the family name last. So John Smith's family name is Smith, not John. In a formal setting, address men as "Mister" (abbreviated as "Mr."), married women as "Misses" (abbreviated as "Mrs."), and unmarried women as "Miss" (abbreviated as "Ms."). These days many women prefer to be addressed using the abbreviations "Ms." or "M.", pronounced "miz". If the person has an M.D. or Ph.D., they will often be addressed as "Doctor" (abbreviated as "Dr."). Faculty are addressed as "Professor" (abbreviated as "Prof.").In an informal situation, westerners will introduce each other by first name, without titles, and occasionally by just the last name. If you are introduced to somebody by first name, you can address him or her by first name the next time you meet. The only exception would be for someone who holds an important position, such as the university president or provost. Unless they tell you otherwise, faculty should be addressed using their title and last name (e.g., "Professor Smith"). When in doubt, use the formal manner of address, since it is better to err on the side of formality. It is also appropriate to ask how they prefer to be addressed. Children should always address adults in the formal fashion, using their title and last name. Another difference is about the form of addressing. From the viewpoint of sociolinguistics, forms of addressing can serve as an indication of the relationship of power and solidarity in the society. In calling their superiors or elders, the Chinese are accustomed to the nonreciprocal or asymmetrical addressing, in other words. They use “title +surname” to address their superior or elders rather than call them surnames, while the superior or elders call the addressers their names. The Chinese tend to abide by the polite principle of depreciating oneself and respecting others to show appropriate respects towards the persons being addressed, otherwise, the addresser may be considered as ill mannered, ill educated or rude. But in English speaking countries, people have a tendency to follow the reciprocal or symmetrical addressing. Although they are different in age and status, they can call the other directly, namely, their names, even first names except when they call the doctors, not arousing offence between them, but demonstrating the sense of intimacy and the conception of” Everyone is created equal”. Chinese people feel unnatural addressing a westerner by his given name, feeling that it indicates too close a relationship, and westerners, on the other hand, may feel that if a Chinese insists on using his surname, it indicates an unwillingness to be friendly and maintains a gap between them. So the use of forms like” Miss Mary” or “Mr. Smith ” may be a Chinese forms of compromise. With Miss Mary, the use of the given name indicates friendliness, but the addition of the title indicates the respect they feel they ought to show. And with Smith, the lack of a title indicates friendliness, but the use of the surname prevents if sounding too intimate. However, both addressing used by the Chinese sound very strange and uncomfortable to the westerner. (3) Asking Personal Affairs People from China do not regard it as asking personal affairs when they ask others name、year、marital status、wages、personal life、belief and political points. It is regard as concerns. While the westerns will think you 侵犯their right of privacy. when we talk to the westerns, we must avoid asking some questions like this:“How old are you?”、“Are you married？”、“How many children do you have？”、“How much do you make？”、“What’s your weight?”、“Do you go to the church？” V. Vocabulary impression 印象 appearance 外貌 eye contact 目光接触 body language 身体语言 message 信息 cheek 面颊 to earn 赚得 to bow 鞠躬 to shake hands 握手 to exchange 交换 to touch 触摸 to find out 查明 to lean 斜靠，倚 to hug 拥抱 inappropriate 不恰当的 familiar 熟悉的 assignment 作业 stuff 物品 to apply 申请 to land in 降落 to confuse 混淆 to mix up 弄混 How come? 为什么
1) Greetings 2) Warm-up Please select one or two from the following activities. a. Tongue Twister:
b. English joke One day, Bill and Tom went to a restaurant for dinner. As soon as the waiter took out two steaks, Bill quickly picked out the bigger steak for himself. Tom wasn't happy about that: "When are you going to learn to be polite?" Bill: "If you had the chance to pick first, which one would you pick?" Tom: "The smaller piece, of course." Bill: "What are you whining about then? The smaller piece is what you want, right?" c. Warm-up questions When you are in a new environment or meeting new people, what kind of people would you like or dislike making friends with?
Activity 1 Look and talk: Look at the photos on page 6 and ask students whether they think all the people in the photos are making good first impression. Why or why not? Pair Work: Discuss how to make good impression. A representative of them will be asked to put forward their answers in the front. Thereafter, the teacher makes a supplement about how to make a positive impression. Activity 2 Individual Work: Look at the form on P6, then Check the things you usually do, and put an X next to the things you never do when you are meeting new persons. Group work: Step 1. Ask each group to design a situation. Eg. A project team; A party; An English corner on our campus or a family of the participant’s future boyfriend or girl friend. Step 2 Ask each group to discuss what questions they can ask the participant. They can refer to the questions on P8 Step 3 Ask two or three students to visit one of the group, and try to break the ice , communicate with members in other groups or take the interview. Group discussion: Ask the group members to discuss and describe what kind of person he/she is. What’s his character? Is she/he easygoing? Do you like working with this person? What impression they’ve got. Then ask some representatives to present their comment. Activity 3 Pair work: Ask students to discuss what need to be paid attention to in an interview. Role Play: Ask four students to form a group and act as interviewers and interviewees of a company or university. VII. Assignments 1. Review task: go over the expressions used to describe body language and verbal language. 2. Search for some tips on how to make good impressions in an interview.
1. Relevant New Words 面目表情 Smiling 微笑 blinking 眨眼睛 Frowning 皱眉 looking down 向下瞧
Crossing legs 盘腿 folding arms 双臂交叉放在朐前 putting hands in pockets 双手插兜
Sighing 叹气 yawning 打呵欠 Clicking a pen 敲笔 tapping fingers 轻敲手指 Giggling 咯咯傻笑 sniffing 鼻吸声 Humming 哼唱 whistling 吹哨声
Uniform 制服 blue jeans蓝色牛仔 Short skirt 短裙 sleeveless shirts无袖
3. Functional patterns 正式介绍 Mr. Brown, I would like to introduce/ you to meet Mrs. Smith/ Mary Smith. She is a good friend of mine. Mr. Brown, allow me to introduce my good friend Mr. Wang. May I introduce you to Miss Brown? She is my secretary. May I introduce / present Dr. Brown? Ladies and Gentlemen:, allow me to introduce our speaker Prof. Brown. 对正式介绍的回应 Hello!
How do you do? Pleased to meet you. I’m pleased /delighted to meet you/ make your acquaintance. I’ve heard / been told a lot /such a lot /so much about you. 非正式介绍 John, this is Mary. I’d like to introduce you to my boss, Mr. Brown. John, this is my sister Mary. John, I want you to meet Tom. Come and meet Tom. Do you know Miss Smith?
Hi!
Hello! Pleased to meet you. 自我介绍 Let me introduce myself, I’m John Brown. Hi, my name is John Brown. Hello, you may have forgotten my name. I’m John,Brown. Good morning, I’m John Brown from Stanford University.
1. Web sites: http://www.csuchico.edu/plc/impress.html 2. Books: 《BFT口语会话教程》郅红，张充 机械工业出版社2006
Unit Three Food and Cooking
On completion of this chapter, students should be able to:
III. Teaching Approaches and Facilities 1. Look and talk 2. Group discussion 3. Group work 4. Situational conversation 5. Pair work 6. Guessing 7. Role playing 8. Individual work IV. Background Information 1. Customary order of eating western cuisine It was served in the following sequence: Appetizers, main dishes and dessert. The sequence of service:
Appetizer: It refers to a small course served right at the beginning of a meal, before the soup or entrée. Main course: It is the featured or primary dish in a meal consisting of several courses. In North American English, the main course can also be called the entrée or the meat course. The main course is usually the most complex or substantive dish on a menu. The main ingredient is usually meat, fish or fowl. Side dish: It is sometimes referred to as a side order or simply a side, is a food item that accompanies the entrée or main course at a meal. Some common sides are: french fries or steak fries, baked potatoes, various vegetables, soups salad (often a “side” salad), dinner rolls or other breads. Desserts: It includes cheesecake, strawberry cake, pudding, apple pie, tiramisu, chocolate layer, etc. 2. Cooking customs in America If you think American cooking means opening a package and tossing the contents into the microwave, think again. On the one hand, it's true that Americans thrive on cold cereal for breakfast, sandwiches for lunch and instant dinners. From busy homemakers to professional people, many Americans enjoy the convenience of prepackaged meals that can be ready to serve in 10 minutes or less. On the other hand, many Americans recognize the value of cooking skills. Parents-especially mothers-see the importance of training their children-especially daughters-in the culinary arts. Most Americans will admit that there's nothing better than a good home-cooked meal. But with cooking, as with any other skill, good results don't happen by accident. Probably every cook has his or her own cooking style. But there are some basic techniques and principles that most people follow. For example, baking is a primary method of preparing food in America. The dinner menu often has casseroles, roast meats and other baked goods. For that reason, Americans would find it next to impossible to live without an oven. American cooks give special attention to the balance of foods, too. In planning a big meal they try to include a meat, a few vegetables, some bread or pasta and often a dessert. They also like to make sure the meal is colorful. Having several different colors of food on the plate usually makes for a healthy meal. For those who need guidance in their cooking, or for those who have just run out of ideas, recipes are lifesavers. Recipes list all the ingredients for a dish (generally in the order used), the amount of each to use, and a description of how to put them together. Finding recipes in America is as easy as pie. Most good cooks have a shelf full of cookbooks ranging from locally published recipe collections to national bestsellers like the Betty Crocker Cookbook. Magazines devoted to home management, such as Good Housekeeping and Family Circle, are chock-full of scrumptious selections. Friends often augment their recipe collection by passing around their favorites written on cards. For experienced cooks, true artists that they are, recipes are merely reference points. They often make adjustments as they go along, depending on the quantity of people they need to serve, the ingredients they have available and their personal taste. Some cooks use recipes very little, preferring instead to depend on their intuition as they add a pinch of this and a dash of that to create just the right flavors.
peel 削 slice 切 stir 搅拌 beat 打(鸡蛋等) whip 把…打起泡沫 marinate 腌 fry油炒 deep-fry 油炸 broil (美)烤 grill (英)烤(单面碳烤) bake(在烤箱或火炉上)烘焙烤(面包,蛋糕等) steam 蒸 melt 融 melt in your mouth (指食物)爽滑可口,柔嫩好吃 roast (在烤箱里) 烘焙烤(四面) stew炖,煨 boil煮 rub 擦上 drain 沥干 chill 冰冻 冷却 冷藏 flatten 把…弄平 braise 焖 stir-fry 爆炒 shake 摇匀 smoke 熏
roasting pan (美)烤盘 roasting tin(英)烤盘 cake pan 蛋糕烤盘 pot 罐 oven 烤箱 burner 炉子 steamer 蒸笼 casserole 烤锅 grinder 搅肉机 grater 磨碎机(将食物等磨成碎片), 擦菜板 ] dice 切成丁 slice 切成薄片
garlic 大蒜 scallion 大葱 ginger slice姜片 thyme百里香 麝香草 oregano 牛至(叶可做调味品) flour 面粉 Yorkshire pudding 约克 布丁 lettuce生菜 pasta 意大利面vanilla 香草 syrup 糖浆 果汁浆 asparagus芦笋 Fajitas墨西哥饼加牛肉 Tempura 天妇罗 batter (作糕饼用的)面糊 anchovies凤尾鱼 papaya 番木瓜 pineapple 菠萝 mangoes 芒果 VI. Teaching Procedures and Contents
1) Greetings 2) Warm-up Please select one or two from the following activities. a. Tongue Twister:
b. Guessing The teacher prepares some cards each with a word about food on it, and let A student demonstrate and B student guess what it is. c. Idioms and hot words The teacher prepares idioms relevant to food and let students guess the meaning of them and make dialogues with at least two of them. e.g. bring home the bacon 谋生 hot potato 烫手的山芋 bad egg 坏蛋，恶棍 big cheese 老板） the cream of the crop 最优秀的人 one smart cookie 聪明人 use one’s noodles 思考 chew the fat 闲聊
Activity 1 Look and talk: Look at the photos on page 10 and tell what foods are on the picture. What do you like to cook? Try to recall the procedure of cooking . What’s your “specialty”? Try to describe it. Pair work: Make a dialogue on the following topic: what’s your least / most favorite food in your memory? Activity 2 Group discussion: Have students form groups of three or four to 1. Discuss their specialty of their hometown. 2. Discuss the specialty in different countries, such as in Japan , Korea, Britain and so on . A representative of them will be asked to put forward their answers in the front. Thereafter, the teacher makes a supplement about various kinds of specialty. Activity 3 Group work: Suppose you are preparing a party to welcome the exchange students from foreign countries. What food do you prepare? Could you design an international menu? Activity 4 Situational conversation: Look at the pictures on Page 13. Let the above groups complete the following performances: Step 1: Receptionist welcomes the customers Step 2: The customers order foods and drinks after being shown to the table. Look at the menu, and ask the server questions about the items. Then decide what to order. Step 3: The customers check the bill. Something wrong happens to them: the waiter brings the bill mistakenly. Activity 5 Role playing: Let students form groups of four. Suppose one is a movie star and other three are reporters from different TV stations. Now all four persons are in a news conference, and the reporters ask him/her some personal information as follows:
Activity 6 Guessing: Have students write down some words about food and cooking learned in class, and ask them to recite as many as possible. And then ask one student facing others to guess any word other students choose from those on the blackboard. Activity 7 Individual work: Topic on campus life: Retails are not allowed to sell alcohol to juveniles and signs advertising must be clearly shown in supermarket and liquor stores. Will the ban on liquor sales to juveniles be effective?
1. Review task: go over the expressions used to describe foods and cooking . 2. Topics for preparation: 1) A photo of your family and describe it 2) Unforgettable experience with your family members
seasoning 调味品, 作料 scallion =spring onion葱 leeks韭葱 garlic大蒜 ginger生姜 soy sauce酱油 vinegar醋 cornstarch淀粉 sesame oil麻油 oyster sauce蚝油 pepper胡椒 red chilli powder辣椒粉 sesamepaste芝麻酱 monosodium glutamate味精 Chinese red pepper花椒 salt black bean豆豉 star anise八角 brown sugar砂糖，专用于泡奶茶或咖啡 dark brown sugar红糖 white crystal sugar白砂糖 rock sugar冰糖
bitter 苦的 bland 无味的 rich 油腻的,味重的 salty 咸的 sour 酸 spicy 辣的 sweet 甜 highly 味重的 heavy 难消化的 lightly seasoned 味淡的 brisk taste风味爽口, 时新风味 fishy taste鱼腥味 flat taste淡味, 味清淡 harsh taste涩味 peculiar taste 特殊味道, 特有风味 tasty 味美的 primary taste原味 strong taste浓味, 有刺激性味道 Eating in a restaurant reserve v. 预定 reservation n. 预定 look forward to 盼望 hold v 容纳 occupy v. 占满 book v 订购 view n. 景色 buffet n. 自助餐 expect v. 盼望 guarantee v. 保证 dinner n. 套餐 ala carte n. 自己点的菜 menu n. 菜单 cuisine n. 菜系 Typical Chinese dishes A. 以主料开头的翻译方法 1介绍菜肴的主料和辅料： 公式：主料(形状)+(with)辅料 例：杏仁鸡丁chicken cubes with almond 牛肉豆腐beef with beancurd 西红柿炒蛋Scrambled egg with to tomato 2介绍菜肴的主料和味汁： 公式：主料(形状)+(with, in)味汁 例：芥末鸭掌duck webs with mustard sauce 葱油鸡chicken in Scallion oil 米酒鱼卷fish rolls with rice wine B、以烹制方法开头的翻译方法 1介绍菜肴的烹法和主料： 公式：烹法+主料(形状) 例：软炸里脊soft-fried pork fillet 烤乳猪roast suckling pig 炒鳝片Stir-fried eel slices 2介绍菜肴的烹法和主料、辅料 公式：烹法+主料(形状)+(with)辅料 仔姜烧鸡条braised chicken fillet with tender ginger 3介绍菜肴的烹法、主料和味汁： 公式：烹法+主料(形状)+(with, in)味汁 例：红烧牛肉braised beef with brown sauce 鱼香肉丝fried shredded pork with Sweet and sour sauce 清炖猪蹄stewed pig hoof in clean soup C、以形状或口感开头的翻译方法 1介绍菜肴的形状(口感)和主料、辅料 公式：形状(口感)+主料+(with)辅料 例：芝麻酥鸡crisp chicken with sesame 陈皮兔丁diced rabbit with orange peel 时蔬鸡片Sliced chicken with seasonal vegetables 2介绍菜肴的口感、烹法和主料 公式：口感+烹法+主料 例：香酥排骨crisp fried spareribs 水煮嫩鱼tender stewed fish 香煎鸡块fragrant fried chicken 3介绍菜肴的形状(口感)、主料和味汁 公式：形状(口感)+主料+(with)味汁 例：茄汁鱼片sliced fish with tomato sauce 椒麻鸡块cutlets chicken with hot pepper 黄酒脆皮虾仁crisp shrimps with rice wine sauce D、以人名或地名开头的翻译方法 1介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)和主料 公式：人名(地名)+主料 例：麻婆豆腐Ma Po beancurd 四川水饺Sichuan boiled dumpling 2介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)、烹法和主料 公式：人名(地名)+烹法+主料 例：东坡煨肘DongPo stewed pork joint 北京烤鸭Roast Beijing Duck 在中餐菜名翻译成英文的过程中，可以采用多种不同的方法，而且每一道菜都可以从不同的角度入手进行翻译。例如，川菜中的"宫保鸡丁"这道菜就有以下几种译法： 1.sauteed chicken cubes with peanuts 2.Gongbao chicken cubes 3.diced chicken with chilli and peanuts
scramble 搅拌的炒 boiled egg 煮蛋 boiled 煮沸的 sunny side up 单面煎荷包蛋 over easy 双面煎(嫩) 煎半熟蛋 over hard 单面煎(老) 煎全熟蛋 scramble eggs 炒蛋 fried egg 煎蛋 melet 煎蛋卷 2. Useful expressions A table for two 两个人的桌子 a second helping of fried shrimp 又一份炸虾 a potato in the jacket 土豆挂糊 Yuck! 好难吃 Yum! 真好吃！ It’s on the house . 免费
Please come this way. /Would you come this way, please? 请这边来。 点菜 1. Are you ready to order? 可以点菜了吗? 2. Would you like to hear about today’s special? 想看一下今日的特色菜? 3. That’s must be today’s special. I’m going to get that. 那儿肯定是今天的特色菜. 我要点那个. 4. Can you explain what this is, please? 你能解释一下这是什么菜 5. Does this dish come with … (a certain food)? 这菜里有…
6. I’ll have the steak, please. 我点一份牛排
7. Can I get you something else? 还点什么?
8. I think there is a mistake on the check. 我想帐单算错了. 9.What kind of food do you like，Chinese or American？ 你喜欢吃什么菜，中式的还是美式的？ 10. Have you finished or still working on it? 您用完了，还是要继续用？(服务员收盘子时，要向客人询问是否已经用餐结束，征得客人同意后方可收拾餐桌。) 11. I have to avoid food containing fat/sugar. 我不吃含脂肪/糖的食物. 12. I'd like to have some local food. 我想尝试一下当地食物。 IX. Reference 1. Web sites: http://www.cuisine.co.nz/ http://www.pbasehk.com/Macy/Macy300 2. Books: 《餐饮英语》罗伯特 马杰尔，旅游教育出版社1999 Unit Four Relationships
On completion of this chapter, students should be able to:
III. Teaching Approaches and Facilities 1. Look and talk 2. Group discussion 3. Group work 4. Situational conversation 5. Pair work 6. Guessing 7. Role playing 8. Individual work IV. Background Information 1. Greeting and Parting When people meet acquaintances or friends, people usually greet each other. The purpose of greeting is to establish or maintain social contact. So formulaic expressions are often used, but such formulaic expressions often causes conflict because of the great cultural differences between Chinese and native English speakers. In English, people often employ the following expressions to greet each other “Good morning/evening/afternoon. “Fine day, isn’t it? ” How is everything going?” Have you eaten yet?” What are you going to do?” Where have you been?” etc. Westerners treat them as real question. While in Chinese, we always say “你吃了吗？”“你上哪里去？”“你干什么去？”to show our consideration. Parting may be divided into two steps. Before the final prating, there is usual a leave-taking. Western and Chinese cultures have diverse ways to deal with leave takings. Firstly, in English society, during the closing phase of an encounter, from “I” perspective,reasons for terminating the encounter are presented in mitigatory comments. Typical comments are associated with expressions of apology, such as “I am afraid I must be off”, “I have to relieve the baby-sitter” etc. Western people believe that to be willing to visit and converse with someone is to have respect for him.; to terminate the visiting is not of one’s own free will, but because of some other arrangements, therefore they always try to make their leaving sound reluctant by finding some reasons and apologize for it to make the leaving acceptable for both parties. English speakers often signal several times before leaving. “Well, it’s been nice to see you again. I do enjoy our talk and the lovely dinner, but I must be going soon”. Thank you very much for asking me over. I hope we’ll be able to get together again before long…” Consolidation in a wider range of common acquaintances also occurs, in expressions such as “Say hello to Jack for me” or “Remember me to John”. In Chinese society, during the closing phase of and encounter, usually, from a “you”perspective, reasons for ending the encounter are set forth in mitigatory expressions. Such expressions include“你挺忙的，我就不多打扰了。”“你一定累了，早点休息吧，我要告辞了。”, etc. With these words, they may stand up from their seats. Chinese leave-taking is very short and quick. Western people think it so abrupt that they have not prepared for it. While moving to the door, Chinese employ expressions of apology like“对不起没，打扰了。”“对不起，占用你不少时间。”It should be noted that these expressions employed by Chinese guests to show concern for their hosts can only be appropriate for business visits in the English environment 2. Home. Few words in the English language have such a special meaning. Home is a place where you can relax, kick back and just be yourself. Just about everyone has a strong opinion of what makes a house a home. And for most people in America, home should be, above all, comfortable. 家，在英文中没有几个字有这样特别的意义。家是一个你可以放松、只要做你自己的地方。大概每个人对于如何把一间屋子变成一个家都非常有主见。对大多数的美国人来说，家最重要的应该是舒适。 Americans like their homes to reflect their personal tastes. Many do-it-yourselfers enjoy fixing up their house and making it more "livable." They often try to create a cozy atmosphere so that when they're at home, they'll really feel "at home." Sofas and lounge chairs may be heavily padded and arranged in groupings conducive to relaxed conversation. The bathroom even receives special attention. Carpeted floors, scented soaps, colorful wallpaper and decorative curtains adorn the "comfort room" in many homes. And on average, Americans have more bathrooms than any other people in the world. 美国人喜欢让家反映出他们个人的品味。许多喜欢自己动手做的人沉醉于修补他们的房子并让它更「适于居住」。他们常试着营造一个温暖而舒适的气氛，这样当他们待在家时，会真的感觉到「毫无拘束」。沙发及安乐椅可能会被铺上厚厚的垫子，并运用不同空间组合的摆设，让坐的人可以轻松的谈话。甚至连浴室也颇费心思：铺有地毯的地板、香气四溢的肥皂、彩色的壁纸及装饰窗帘，如此就打扮出了许多家庭的「舒服之地」。平均来说，美国人拥有的浴室比世界上其它的人都多。 Lisa Marie Odegard, an interior designer in Bozeman, Montana, comments that "a home is a haven. People want an open, easy feeling to make their homes comfortable." For that reason, many new homes now have big, open kitchens and vaulted ceilings. 蒙大拿州柏斯曼的一位室内设计师丽莎?区迪嘉谈到：「家是一个避难所。人们想要一个开放、轻松的感觉来让他们的家变得很舒适。」因为这个原因，现在许多新房子都有大而开放的厨房以及拱形的屋顶。 Americans try to make the most of their space, too. The majority of homes have built-in closets and shelves, and people spare no pains to add dressers, filing cabinets and closet organizers to maximize their storage space. Although keeping the house neat is often a constant battle, Americans feel it's a battle worth fighting. 美国人也试着将空间做最佳的利用。大多数的家庭都有壁橱以及架子，人们也不辞辛劳的添加橱柜、文件柜以及壁柜分隔架来加大储藏空间。虽然让房子维持整洁像是一场永无止尽的长期战役，美国人觉得这是一个值得打下去的战役。 People in America keep an eye on the latest trends in interior design. In the 80s, the "country" look dominated the home decorating scene. Rustic furniture and shelves full of old-fashioned knick-knacks created a homey atmosphere reminiscent of rural America several generations back. The 90s have brought in another longing for the past: the retro 50s and 60s look--plain and simple furniture with square backs and arms and block-style legs. 美国人也会注意室内设计的最新时尚。八○年代，「乡村」风貌主导了家庭装潢；摆满旧式风格的小摆设的质朴家俱及架子，创造出一种会令人想起几世代以前以农业为主的美国之家庭气氛。九○年代又带入另一个怀旧情愫：回溯到五○及六○年代风貌--有四方形靠背、把手以及有方正桌脚的朴素、简单的家俱。 Some parts of the country have their own regional preferences. In the western United States, homeowners favor the Navajo Indian style of the Southwest or the cowboy look. In contrast, Easterners prefer French Country or more "fussy" styles. 国内某些地方的人们有他们自己地区性的偏好。在美国西部，屋主们喜欢西南部印地安拿佛和族或是牛仔式的风格。相对的，东部人喜欢法国乡村或是更漂亮的形式。 With all this attention to their homes, you would think Americans place a high premium on housekeeping. In fact, however, keeping house doesn't receive as much attention as it used to. Why? The fast-paced lifestyles of the 90s allow little spare time for dusting, vacuuming and scrubbing the tub. Ironically, however, even though more and more women work outside the home, women still do twice as much house work as men. Modern conve-niences like the washing machine, the vacuum cleaner, and the dishwasher have taken some of the drudgery out of household chores. But in general, Americans these days take their cue from books like How to Avoid Housework. 花了这么多心思在他们的家，你大概会认为美国人非常重视家庭的打理与清洁，但是事实上，整理家务已不像以前一样受重视。为什么？九○年代步调快速的生活方式几乎没有留什么时间撢灰尘、吸尘以及刷洗浴缸。然而，讽刺的是，即使越来越多的妇女在外工作，她们还是比男人多做两倍的家务。虽然像是洗衣机、吸尘器和洗碗机等现代家电已代为处理家事中一些乏味、辛苦的工作。但一般而言，美国人今天已会向「如何避免家务」这类的书来求救。 As a result, you might think American homes of the 90s are less than spotless. Witness the fact that sales of household cleaning products have declined in recent years. Besides that, Americans seem to be less persnickety about their housecleaning--especially in areas that nobody sees. Vacuum under the sofa? Dust the baseboards? Are you kidding? Ironically, though, American women seem quite satisfied with their housekeeping, according to a national survey conducted in 1995-96. Besides that, people are designing their homes with low-maintenance features--tile in bathrooms and kitchens as well as marble on countertops--to cut down on the need for frequent cleaning. Even so, more and more people are hiring outside help to clean their houses. A Roper poll found that one in six Americans hired cleaning help last year, up from one in 10 in 1986. One professional housecleaning service, Merry Maids, has grown to over 800 franchises in recent years. 因此，你可能会认为九○年代的美国家庭大概不是一尘不染。由家用清洁产品的销售量在近几年下降便可见一般。此外，美国人似乎对于家庭的清洁比较不那么吹毛求疵了--特别是对那些没有人看到的地方。吸沙发下的灰尘？撢踢脚板？你开玩笑？但可笑的是，根据一九九五／六年做的一项全国性调查，美国妇女似乎对他们的家务整理挺满意。除此之外，人们以较不需要时时清洁的材料来设计他们的家--在浴室及厨房贴磁砖以及做大理石的台面--减少打扫的次数。即使如此，越来越多的人雇用外人协助清理屋子。一项洛普民意调查发现，去年有六分之一的美国雇用清洁服务，较一九八六年的十分之一比率上升许多。一个专业性的家务清理服务「快乐女佣公司」在最近几年已成长到有八百多家的连锁店。 In a pre-Revolutionary War speech in 1761, James Otis made the famous remark that "a man's home is his castle." Americans like their castle to be as comfortable as possible. They would like to have a home they can be proud of, a place they can call their own. Not everyone's home looks like a castle, but "be it ever so humble, there's no place like home." 在一七六一年独立战争前的一次演说中，詹姆士。欧提斯留下了一句名言--「男人的家是他的城堡」。美国人喜欢他们的城堡能够尽可能的舒适，他们都想要有一个引以为荣的家，一个可以属于他们自己的地方。并不是每个人的家都看起来像是一座城堡，但是「即使是非常简陋，但没有一个地方可以比得上家。
An American friend has invited you to visit his family. You've never been to an American's home before, and you're not sure what to do. Should you take a gift? How should you dress? What time should you arrive? What should you do when you get there? Glad you asked. When you're the guest, you should just make yourself at home. That's what hospitality is all about: making people feel at home when they're not. 一位美国朋友邀请你去他家。你以前从未去过美国人的家，你不确定该怎么做。该带一个礼物吗？该怎么穿？该几点到？到了那里该做什么？很高兴你发问。你若是客人，只要使自己感到自在就好了。待客之道就是这样：虽然不是在家里，却使客人有实至如归之感。 The question of whether or not to bring a gift often makes guests squirm. Giving your host a gift is not just a social nicety in some cultures-it's expected. But in American culture, a guest is not obligated to bring a present. Of course, some people do bring a small token of appreciation to their host. Appropriate gifts for general occasions might be flowers, candy or-if the family has small children-toys. If you choose not to bring a gift, don't worry. No one will even notice. 是否带礼物的问题常使客人不安。在某些文化中，送主人礼物不只是社交礼节——还是必要的。但是在美国文化中，客人并不一定要带礼物。当然，有些人的确会带个表示感谢的小礼物给他们的主人。在一般情況下，带花或是糖果，如果这家人有小孩，玩具应当是恰当的礼物。如果你选择不带礼物，別担心，甚至沒有人会注意到的。 American hospitality begins at home-especially when it involves food. Most Americans agree that good home cooking beats restaurant food any day. When invited for a meal, you might ask, "Can I bring anything?" Unless it's a potluck, where everyone brings a dish, the host will probably respond, "No, just yourself." For most informal dinners, you should wear comfortable, casual clothes. Plan to arrive on time, or else call to inform your hosts of the delay. During the dinner conversation, it's customary to compliment the hostess on the wonderful meal. Of course, the biggest compliment is to eat lots of food! 美国人的待客之道从家里开始——尤其是和食物有关。大多数美国人都同意，无论如何，好的家常菜胜过餐馆的菜。受邀吃饭时，你或许可以问：「我可以带些什么吗？」除非是每人带一道菜的聚餐，否则主人很可能会回答：「不用，你来就可以了。」大多数非正式的聚餐，你应该穿舒适、轻便的衣服。设法准时到，否则打电话告诉主人你会晚点到。用餐时，习惯上，人们会称赞女主人烹调的美食。当然，最大的赞美是多吃！ When you've had plenty, you might offer to clear the table or wash the dishes. But since you're the guest, your hosts may not let you. Instead, they may invite everyone to move to the living room for dessert with tea or coffee. After an hour or so of general chit-chat, it's probably time to head for the door. You don't want to wear out your welcome. And above all, don't go snooping around the house. It's more polite to wait for the host to offer you a guided tour. But except for housewarmings, guests often don't get past the living room. 当你吃得差不多时，或许可以主动表示要帮忙清理桌子或洗碗盘，但你既是客人，你的主人可能不会让你这样做。他们或许会邀请大家到客厅吃点心、喝茶或咖啡。聊个大约一小时或许就该离去了，你可不希望变得不受欢迎吧。还有最重要的是不要在屋子里四处窥探，等主人邀请你参观才较有礼貌。可是除了乔迁喜宴之外，客人通常都只待在客厅里。 Americans usually like to have advance notice when people come to see them. Only very close friends drop by unannounced. This is especially true if the guests want to stay for a few days. Here's a good rule of thumb for house guests: Short stays are best. As one 19th century French writer put it, "The first day a man is a guest, the second a burden, the third a pest." Even relatives don't usually stay for several weeks at a time. While you're staying with an American family, try to keep your living area neat and tidy. Your host family will appreciate your consideration. And they may even invite you back! 美国人通常喜欢访客事先通知他们，只有非常亲密的朋友才可能不请自来，尤其在客人要待好几天时更是如此。最好不要久留——这是给访客的经验之谈。如同十九世纪一位法国作家所写的：「第一天是客人，第二天是负担，第三天就是讨厌鬼了。」即使是亲戚通常也不会一次待上几个星期。当你住在美国人家里时，设法使你住的地方保持整齐清洁。你的主人一家都会感谢你这么体贴，他们甚至会再邀请你！ Most Americans consider themselves hospitable people. Folks in the southern United States, in particular, take pride in entertaining guests. In fact, "southern hospitality" has become legendary. But in all parts of America, people welcome their guests with open arms. So don't be surprised to find the welcome mat out for you. Just don't forget to wipe your feet. 大多数美国人都认为他们是好客之人。尤其是美国的南方人更以款待客人自豪，事实上，“南方的款待”是人们所津津乐道口口相传的。不过在美国各地，人们都展开双臂欢迎他们的客人，所以当你发现有WELCOME字样的鞋垫为你而时，別惊讶，只是別忘了把你的脚擦干净就是了。
Hold a grudge记仇 talk behind your back背后说话 when times are rough困难时候 privacy隐私 niece侄女 cousin表兄弟，表姐妹 sister-in-law嫂子 masculine男性的
1) Greetings 2) Warm-up Please select one or two from the following activities. a. Tongue Twister:
b. Joke Logic Reasoning: A fourth-grade teacher was giving her pupils a lesson on logic. “Here is the situation,” she said. “a man is standing up in a boat in the middle of a river, fishing. He loses his balance, falls in, and begins splashing and yelling for help. His wife hears the commotion, knows that he can’t swim, and runs down to the bank. Why do you think she ran to the bank?” A girl raised her hand and asked, “To draw out all of his savings?”
The teacher prepares some cards each with a word about food on it, and let A student demonstrate and B student guess what it is. d. Idioms and hot words The teacher prepares four idioms relevant to relationships and let students guess the meaning of them and make dialogues with at least two of them. e.g. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难之交 “Fair-weather friend” – Someone who is your friend when you have no problems but who disappears when you need help, similar to Chinese idiom: 酒肉朋友---“dining friends” someone who always shares happiness with you by eating and playing together with you but disappears when you are in trouble. “Blood brothers”-Extremely good friends; derives from a children’s ritual whereby good friends sometimes prick their finger and mix a bit of their blood. Similar to Chinese 结拜兄弟 “Birds of a feather flock together”- People who are alike usually form friendships. Similar to Chinese 志同道合的朋友
Activity 1 Look and talk: Look at the family tree on the page 14. Explain how James is related to the other people in the chart. Activity 2 Group discussion: Look at the photos on page 15. How do you think the people in each picture are related to each other? Group work: Have students use some simple words to describe each of the family members. Situational conversation: Let the above groups complete the following performances: Make the whole class into several groups and then make them play different roles in a big family. Suppose one is son or daughter and others are mum and dad, they sit down during a dinner having a very important discussion on the topic: What are some advantages and disadvantages of living with your parents until you are married?
Activity 4 Individual work:
VII. Assignments 1. Review task: go over the expressions used to describe relationships. 2. Make a situational conversation with your partner on how to find a real friend.
Great-grandfather brother-in-law Great-grandmother sister-in-law Grandfather son Grandmother daughter Father son-in-law Mother daughter-in-law Uncle nephew Aunt niece Brother grandson Sister granddaughter Cousin
2. Useful expressions
3. Functional Patterns How to say “I love you” in English. 怎样说“我爱你”，相信大家知道很多。限于篇幅，不能多举，希望学习时考虑两个方面：1）怎样把中文意思用英文很简练地表达出来？（比如第一、三句）并注意一下用词和介词搭配；2）老外是怎样比喻的。尽管有些比喻我们看起来觉得俗，可没办法，莎士比亚毕竟是少数。我们既然是学人家的语言，就只有依葫芦画瓢了： 1） You look more beautiful every time I see you.
2） I love you with all my heart. 我全心全意爱你. 3） I love you for you. 我真心爱你.（简单吧!当你想表示爱的是对方的人，而不是其他如钱财，权势等，就可以这样说） 4） For the same reason you like me, I like you, too. 我也喜欢你啊，就想你喜欢我一样. 5） My love for you is as deep as the sea. 对你的爱，似海深. 6） I'll love you as long as I live. 爱你一辈子（爱你千万年）. 7） If the sun were to rise in the west, I'd never change my mind to love you forever. 即使太阳从西边出来，我对你的爱也不会改变.（顺便温习一下虚拟语气吧） 8） You're the only man/woman I could be happy with. （这句话是不是太夸张?） 9） I'm so happy with you in this starry night. 在这繁星闪烁的夜晚，跟你在一起非常快乐. 10）I love stars, and you're as beautiful as a star. （是俗了点，可人家就这麽说！） 11） If you go away, I'll be blue. I'll miss you when you leave. 假如你走了，我会很沮丧. 你离开，我会很想念. 12）That reminds me too much of you. 那使我很想你.（并不一定要用think、miss等单词哦） 13）I'm singing a torch song for her. 我单恋她.（因失恋/单恋而唱的歌就是torch song） 14）She fell in an unrequited love with the professor. 她单恋那位教授。 15）You're a right match. 你们真是天生一对。 16）I'm sending your favorite red rose to feast your eyes upon. 我要送你你最喜爱的红玫瑰，让你欣赏。（女孩子都喜欢红玫瑰？） 17）Will you accept me? I wanna share my life with you. 你答应我的求婚吗？我想永远和你在一起。 18）Love doesn't feed you. Grow up! 别幼稚了，爱情是填不饱肚皮的！
1. Web sites: http://www.chinateachingnet.com/relationships.shtml http: //www.oh100.com 2. Books:
Unit Five Earning a Living
On completion of this chapter, students should be able to:
III. Teaching Approaches and Facilities 1. Look and talk 2. Group discussion 3. Group work 4. Pair work 5. Guessing 6. Role playing 7. Individual work IV. Background Information 1. China’s hottest jobs China‘s employment service websites are reporting that IT talents and private enterprises are the hottest tickets in the job market. Online applications for jobs soared up to more than 10 million. The average number of people competing for one job swelled to nearly 40. Over a quarter of job opportunities offered are in the IT sector, including those for systems analysts and a variety of engineering positions. Foreign enterprises are showing particularly robust demand for IT professionals, and those who can speak fluent Japanese or Korean and English have a strong advantage. Multilingual candidates also have an edge in technical support, customer service and telephone sales. The top five qualities that jobseekers are looking for now are upward mobility; salary and benefits; training opportunities; sound management philosophy; and a fair awards system. Private enterprises are more likely to offer such advantages as flexible management, high efficiency and room to move up in the world. 2. Job hunting procedures Consult job vacancies available on newspapers or internet—write an application letter enclosing a resume—an interview arrangements—interview—follow-ups—result (offer, refusal) 3. British highest paid jobs 1. Doctors 2. Dentists 3. Chief Executives 4. Airline Pilots, Copilots, and Flight Engineers 5. Air Traffic Controllers 6. Astronomers
nine to five: from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.; the hours that most people work role: the duty of use that someone or something usually has or is expected to have to do for a living: to have as a job to stay on top of: to keep up with; to be aware and in control of changes to direct to show someone the way to get somewhere incoming: coming into a place partner one of the owners of a company to flip a switch: to press a device that controls an electric current and turns it on or off to plunge: to push pulp: the parts of the fruit left after the juice is out sparkling: shinny dull: uninteresting; boring inexperienced: without much practice to look forward to: to feel pleasure because an event or activity is going to happen and stuff: and so on(informal)
1) Greetings 2) Warm-up Please select one or two from the following activities. a. Puzzle What is the difference between a teacher and a conductor? (Possible answers: A teacher trains mind, while a conductor minds train.)
Ask several students to demonstrate or to role play a kind of job each and other students to guess what it is. c. Idioms and idiomatic terms The teacher prepares some idioms or idiomatic terms relevant to work and let students guess the meaning of them and give the Chinese equivalents. e.g. a Jack in the office civil servant O.L. Civil engineering hack A hotel boy flextime
One smart fellow, he felt smart. Two smart fellows, they felt smart. Three smart fellows, they all felt smart. One-One was a racehorse. Two-Two was one, too. When One-One won one race, Two-Two won one, too. Sandy sniffed sweet smelling sunflower seeds while sitting beside a swift stream. 桑迪坐在湍急的小溪边尽情地品味着葵花子的香味。
The doctor lives downstairs "Doctor," she said loudly, bouncing into the room, "I want you to say frankly what's wrong with me." He surveyed her from head to foot. "Madam," he said at length, "I've just three things to tell you. First, your weight wants reducing by nearly fifty pounds. Second, your beauty could be improved if you used about one tenth as much rouge and lipstick. And third, I'm an artist---the doctor lives downstairs." But the teacher cried The six-year-old John was terribly spoiled . His father knew it, but his grandma doted on him. He hardly left her side. And when he wanted anything, he either cried or threw a temper tantrum. Then came his first day of school, his first day away from his grandmother's loving arms. When he came home from school his grandma met him at the door. "Was school all right?" she asked, "Did you get along all right? did you cry?" "Cry?" John asked. "No, I didn't cry, but the teacher did!" f. Language appreciation Every man's work, whether it be literature of music of pictures or architecture of anything else, is always a portrait of himself. (Samuel Butler, American educator) 每个人的工作，不管是文学、音乐、美术、建筑还是其他工作，都是自己的一幅画像。(美国教育家 勃特勒.S.) Happiness, I have discovered, is nearly always a rebound from hard work. (David Grayson, American journalist) 我发现，辛勤工作的报酬几乎总是幸福。(美国记者 格雷森.D) I do not like work ---no man does --but I like what is in the work -----the chance to find your self. (Conrad Joseph, British novelist) 我不喜欢工作——没有人会喜欢工作。但是我喜欢在所从事的工作中——找到发现自己的机会。(英国小说家 约瑟夫.C.) In order that people may be happy in their work, these things are needed: they must be fit for it; they must not do much of it; and they must have a sense of success in it. (John Ruskin, British writer) 为了使人们在工作的时感到快乐，必须做到以下三点；他们一定要胜任自己的工作，他们不可做得太多；他们必须对自己的工作有成就感。(英国作家 罗斯金.J.) It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. (Winston Churchill, British prime minister) 不能爱哪行才干哪行，要干哪行爱哪行。(英国首相 丘吉尔.W.) My philosophy of life is work. (Thomas Alva Edison, American inventor) 我的人生哲学就是工作。(美国发明家 爱迪生.T.A.)
Activity 1 Individual work: Brainstorm and name: Ask Ss to think of as many job titles in English as they can in one minute. Write all ideas on the paper, stop when the minute is up and to name one each without repetition. Activity 2 Pair work: Look at the photos on page 20 and discuss the questions. Explain the task and call attention to the speech balloon. Encourage students to use it to organize their own discussions and opt to the job alternatives mentioned in the first activity. After a few minutes, ask some volunteers to tell the class what job they would like most and least and why. Activity 3 Group work: Chain-description: Refer to the pictures on p21, pick up a job (either from the pictures or not) give a chain description of it one by one. Students of other groups are expected to comment on the description with a reference to discussion questions on p21. Activity 4 Group discussion: Learn about the jobs in the movie industry on p22, and discuss which jobs would you enjoy? Not enjoy? Why? Activity 5 Role play: A Job Interview. Activity 6 Individual work: Topics on future job: 1）Job-hunting has become a more and more serious problem in China, especially to the university students, so if you are capable enough, what could be your solutions? (Question No. 26) 2）What’s your plan after graduation? (Question No. 27) 3） Nowadays university students should give up the traditional professions, and try to gain more experience by doing all kinds of jobs and shift from place to place. You are university student now. Do you share the same idea? (Question No. 52)
1. Review task: go over the expressions used to describe jobs. 2. Search for some ball knowledge. 3. Topics for preparation: 1) Your favorite sports 2) An interesting and popular game VIII. Complementary Expressions
2. Useful expressions
3．Functional patterns 1．What are your plan in 5 to 10 years? 2．What is your TOEFL score? 3．Do you apply any other school? 4．Is your research project very difficult? 5．If you are given an offer, can you come here this July? 6．What's you graduate research work? 7．Why pursue Ph.D.? 8．Please introduce yourself. 9．Where are you from? 10．What's your major? 11．Please tell me your working experience. 12．What will you plan to do in the future? 13．What's your hobby? What do you do in your spare time? 14．If we give you this offer, will you accept it? 15．Why are you interested in *** University? 16．Why are you going to USA not staying your homeland to study? 17．Say something about your work, etc. 18．Who is the great person in the world in your eyes? 19．Do you have some question on me or on my institute? 20．Do you have any special or excellent idea during your research experience? 21．Did you use any English textbook in classes? 22．Will you like to study in a small but with high quality university or a big university like Harvard or Princeton? 23．Do you apply for other university or contact with other faculties in the university? 24．How about your ability to be a teaching assistant? Q： Can you sell yourself in two minutes？ Go for it. （你能在两分钟內自我推荐吗？大胆试试吧！） A： With my qualifications and experience, I feel I am hardworking, responsible and diligent in any project I undertake. Your organization could benefit from my analytical and interpersonal skills.(依我的资格和经验，我觉得我对所从事的每一个项目都很努力、负责、勤勉。我的分析能力和与人相处的技巧，对贵单位必有价值。) Q：Give me a summary of your current job description. (对你目前的工作，能否做个概括的说明。) A：I have been working as a computer programmer for five years. To be specific, I do system analysis, trouble shooting and provide software support. (我干了五年的电脑程序员。具体地说，我做系统分析，解决问题以及软件供应方面的支持。） Q：Why did you leave your last job？(你为什么离职呢？) A： Well, I am hoping to get an offer of a better position. If opportunity knocks, I will take it.（我希望能获得一份更好的工作，如果机会来临，我会抓住。） A：I feel I have reached the "glass ceiling" in my current job. / I feel there is no opportunity for advancement. （我觉得目前的工作，已经达到顶峰，即沒有升迁机会。) Q：How do you rate yourself as a professional？(你如何评估自己是位专业人员呢？) A： With my strong academic background, I am capable and competent. (凭借我良好的学术背景，我可以胜任自己的工作，而且我认为自己很有竞争力。） A：With my teaching experience, I am confident that I can relate to students very well. (依我的教学经验，我相信能与学生相处的很好。) Q： What contribution did you make to your current (previous) organization？(你对目前/从前的工作单位有何贡献？) A： I have finished three new projects, and I am sure I can apply my experience to this position. (我已经完成三个新项目，我相信我能将我的经验用在这份工作上。) Q：What do you think you are worth to us？(你怎么认为你对我们有价值呢？) A：I feel I can make some positive contributions to your company in the future. (我觉得我对贵公司能做些积极性的贡献。) Q：What make you think you would be a success in this position？ (你如何知道你能胜任这份工作？） A：My graduate school training combined with my internship should qualify me for this particular job. I am sure I will be successful. (我在研究所的训练，加上实习工作，使我适合这份工作。我相信我能成功。) Q：Are you a multi-tasked individual？(你是一位可以同时承担数项工作的人吗？) or Do you work well under stress or pressure？(你能承受工作上的压力吗?) A：Yes, I think so. A：The trait is needed in my current（or previous) position and I know I can handle it well. (这种特点就是我目前（先前）工作所需要的，我知道我能应付自如。) IX. Reference 1. Web sites:旺旺英语网 2. 教材参考书
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