Libertarianism
Download 0.65 Mb.
|
War --- 2nc Impact---Government transportation infrastructure will be assimilated into larger structures of sovereign domination resulting in the promotion of statist violence and war.Weisbord 37 (Albert. Harvard Law School Graduate. Leading Communist Radical.“The Conquest of Power: The Age of Violence, Chapter 25” Indiana University Press. http://www.marxists.org/archive/weisbord/conquest25.htm Pismarov) As war becomes transformed into a modern industry, the inventions which were laid at the feet of peace now are carried elsewhere. Inventors turn from private industry to the patronage of the State. The contradictions of imperialism prevent the trusts from utilizing to the maximum their productive capacities or from making the best applications of the ever increasing host of inventions presenting themselves. The State is forced to resort to the organization of laboratories and research bureaus, to stimulate discovery and inventions, and to organize its many universities and higher centers of learning for the express purpose of advancing technological knowledge. But the primary interest of the State is not peace, but war. “Peace established by the State, or resting in the discretion of the State, is necessarily of the nature of an armistice, in effect terminable at will and on short notice… . At the best, the State, or the government, is an instrumentality for making peace, not for perpetuating it.” (*2) Thus the inventive ability of mankind, which heretofore had been directed towards constructive processes of peace-time endeavor, now become directed towards destructive activities for war. Peace becomes a feverish preparation for military activities. ---State structure causes war.Brian Martin ’90 (Professor of Social Sciences at the University of Wollongong, Australia, “Uprooting War”, http://www.bmartin.cc/pubs/90uw/) What are the roots of war? They are not the weapons or the soldiers or the political or military elites. Take these away and new ones would soon take their places. The roots of war are the social structures which maintain centralised political and economic power, inequality and privilege, and monopolies over organised violence to protect power and privilege. Some of the key roots of war are the state system, bureaucracy, the military and patriarchy. When I refer to war, I refer to 'modern war': the organised violence of professional military forces on behalf of states. 'War' is not a timeless and unchanging category: it reflects historical and social conditions, such as the prevailing forms of technology and the gender division of labour. In addressing the modern war system it is necessary to concentrate on the contemporary social structures most implicated in it. 40,000 a Year (Highway Specific) --- 2nc Impact---State mismanagement of highway infrastructure kills 40,000 people a year and follows the logic of the worst soviet atrocities.Crovelli 8 Mark R. Crovelli is a contributing writer for Mises Daily. March 18, 2008. Lew Rockwell Institute. “The Hidden Costs of Road Socialism” http://www.lewrockwell.com/crovelli/crovelli12.html) Sherman The first step toward understanding how to make America's roads and highways safer and cleaner (and just plain tolerable to navigate without losing one's mind), is to recognize that the type of road provision that we currently have in this country is a pure form of socialism. That is to say, since America's roads and highways are funded purely through tax money (and "fees," if you prefer Mit Romney's double-speak), they are therefore managed wholly by faceless government bureaucrats and politicians in precisely the same manner that tractors and rubber boots were managed and produced in the former Soviet Union. The provision of roads in this country thus has absolutely no link to the preferences of the consumers of the "service," all of whom are forced to pay for it whether they want to or not. (And, if any of us poor saps should sensibly try to opt out of paying the taxes that fund these horribly mismanaged assets, we will very quickly find ourselves rotting in Federal prison.) Hence, the first step toward understanding how to remedy the gravely disordered road system in this country is simply to recognize that the current system of road provision in the U.S. blatantly satisfies Arthur Balfour's famous definition of socialism: "Socialism means the public ownership of the means of production and distribution; that is Socialism and nothing else is Socialism." (See Garret Garret's powerful essay The March for this definition).¶ As an aside, it would be ridiculous to object that the purported consumers of road "services" in the U.S. do indeed have a say in how the roads in this country are produced through voting, because: 1) a gigantic chunk of the populace in the U.S simply does not vote, 2) even when they do vote, they almost never have any idea whatsoever about what their representative will do about roads, and finally 3) the vast majority of decisions regarding roads in this country are made by unelected bureaucrats, none of whom the voting public will ever even know, let alone vote for.¶ The second step toward remedying the gravely flawed road system in this country is to recognize that road socialism, just like every form of socialism, imposes severe and unavoidable costs on the consumer of the socialized good. Foremost among these costs of road socialism is the enormous loss of human life that occurs on socialized roads; a staggering 40,000+ Americans lose their lives on government roads every year. (On this statistic, see especially the excellent article by Walter Block, "Deaths by Government: Another Missing Chapter.") As Dr. Block has tirelessly striven to point out to an American population that isn't even aware it has a socialized road system, these 40,000+ deaths every year on America's roads are ultimately attributable to the fact that the roads are socialized (see his website for an extensive list of publications on this topic). In this article, I focus on several other areas of socialized road provision that illustrate the dangerousness and mind-boggling inefficiency of road socialism. The areas I have chosen to focus on here offer, I think, a remarkably stark illustration of some of the hidden costs of this form of socialism in the United States that are often (and lamentably) overlooked. Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. Objective files -> Pop Warner History files -> North Carolina Inclusion Initiative Mapping Where Children with ieps are Being Served Purpose files -> Fall 2013 Spring 2014 Program Data: Standard 1 Exhibit 4d files -> Hanban – asia society confucius classrooms network 2010 request for proposal files -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations Download 0.65 Mb. Share with your friends:
|