Oil 1 Peak Oil 21
Uniqueness-Oil Prices High Now
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Uniqueness-Oil Prices High NowHigh increase in oil dependence decreases economic competitiveness Dr. John Scire-2006 Dr. John Scire is an Adjunct Professor of Political Science at UNR, where he has taught an energy policy course for the last 10 years. Ricardo Lopez a UNR journalism student who acts as a research assistant for Dr. Scire.
Michael Bowman http://www.iwar.org.uk/news-archive/2003/10-16-3.htm Thirty years ago, the United States faced an energy crisis as mostly-Muslim, oil-producing nations imposed an oil embargo, hoping to force a halt of U.S. support for Israel. Today, U.S. dependence on foreign oil is far greater than it was in the early 1970s. Panel of experts recently gathered in Washington to examine America's energy situation and its choices for the future. Oil dependence is increasing Green Car Congress April 5th 2008 http://www.greencarcongress.com/2008/04/us-imports-of-o.html US imports of OPEC crude oil jumped 12.8% between 2006 and 2007 to an average of 5.394 million barrels per day (mbd), representing 53.8% of all crude oil imports (10.017 mbd), according to figures from the US Department of Energy’s Energy Information Administration. Total US imports of crude declined slightly in 2007, down 1% from 2006. Those figures represent the highest percentage of imported crude from OPEC since 1992, and the largest absolute amount of crude imported from OPEC since 1977—before the Iranian revolution. The peak of US reliance on OPEC crude was in 1976, when OPEC represented 86% of all crude imported into the US, at an average 4.545 mbd, out of a total 5.287 mbd. Finished petroleum products imported from OPEC to the US dropped 19.5% in 2007 to 590 thousand barrels per day, down from 733 thousand barrels per day in 2006. Products imported from OPEC in 2007 represented 17.2% of the total of 3.422 mbd. Oil dependence currently increasing ASE-3.28.03 http://www.csrwire.com/PressRelease.php?id=1702 Alliance to Save Energy is a coalition of prominent business, government, environmental, and consumer leaders who promote the efficient use of energy worldwide to benefit consumers, the environment, economy, and national security WASHINGTON, DC, —With world oil markets increasingly in turmoil, U.S. oil imports steadily increasing, and oil and gas prices on the rise, the Alliance to Save Energy has launched the Drive for America campaign demanding that the Big Three automakers increase fuel economy as a matter of national security. In the web campaign’s first 24 hours, more than 5,000 Americans on the home front signed on to the campaign as a way of making their own contribution to national security and sending a message to U.S. automakers. “With cars and light trucks accounting for more than 40 percent of U.S. oil consumption, the Big Three automakers are uniquely positioned to help break our nation’s deadly oil dependence,” said Alliance President David M. Nemtzow. “For too long, our nation has been dangerously dependent on foreign oil, leaving our economy and our national security hostage to the whims of other, often hostile, nations. The Drive for America campaign allows us to declare that we will no longer tolerate being a nation of oil junkies.” Impact-ConflictOil dependence significantly is the root cause of most conflict World Bank, Paul Collier Oxford University- 4/28/03 The association between natural resources and the risk of civil war has recently been explored both through econometrics and case studies. The case study evidence is more useful to identify possible causal mechanisms, and so I will defer drawing on it for the moment. The first econometric study to find a relationship between natural resources and the risk of civil war was Collier and Hoeffler (1998). In the la test version of our work (Collier and Hoeffler 2003) we analyze 54 large scale civil wars that occurred between 1965 and 1999. We find that a higher share of primary commodity exports in GDP significantly and substantially increases the risk of conflict. For example, if we compare countries with 10% and 25% of their GDP coming from natural resources, holding other characteristics constant at the mean for low -income developing countries, the risk of a civil war in the subsequent five years rises from 11% to 29%. We investigate whether there are significant differences between groups of commodities and find that oil is the only one which is distinctive. High levels of oil dependence are even more likely to be associated with conflict than similarly high levels of dependence upon other commodity exports. It should be stressed that natural resource dependence – or indeed the wider concept of primary commodity dependence – is far from being the only factor that is statistically significant in the risk of conflict. In particular, the level of per capita income strongly influences the risk of conflict. At high levels of per capita income the risk of civil war is negligible with or without natural resources. Hence, societies such as Norway and Australia, which are highly dependent upon natural resource exports but are also rich, do not face any significant risk coming from their natural resource endowments. Oil dependence allows human violation rights from other countries Luft ‘05 DR. GAL LUFT EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR INSTITUTE FOR THE ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL SECURITY (IAGS) CO-CHAIR SET AMERICA FREE COALITION 0ct. 20th, 2005 http://www.senate.gov/~foreign/testimony/2005/LuftTestimony051020.pdf While in many cases the U.S. can turn a blind eye to human rights violations by major energy producers, in some cases the violations are so blunt and atrocious that a strong castigation is unavoidable. But with China joining the great oil game such incidents result in significant weakening of U.S. geopolitical posture. In the most recent incident when the U.S. had to choose between oil and its values the cost was high: the U.S. publicly expressed dismay over the killing of hundreds of demonstrators in Uzbekistan only to be asked to remove its military forces from there within 180 days. A $600 million gas deal signed between Uzbekistan and China bolstered Islam Karimov’s confidence in China’s diplomatic support to the degree that he was willing to show the U.S. the door. Impact-Democracy PromotionOPEC destroys US strategy towards promoting democracy Luft ‘05 DR. GAL LUFT EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR INSTITUTE FOR THE ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL SECURITY (IAGS) CO-CHAIR SET AMERICA FREE COALITION 0ct. 20th, 2005 http://www.senate.gov/~foreign/testimony/2005/LuftTestimony051020.pdf It is a sad fact of life that most of the world's leading oil producing countries are either politically unstable and/or at serious odds with the U.S. With the exception of Canada and Norway, all major oil-exporting countries suffer from severe social illnesses due to their failure to absorb the shock of an oil jackpot and distribute the wealth on an equitable basis. This is not an accident. Countries rich in easily extracted and highly lucrative natural resources do not have to invest in education, productivity, or economic diversification. In addition, the government does not feel obligated to be accountable or transparent to its people and it denies them representation. They also have no imperative to educate women and grant them equal rights. While their oil wealth allows them to be the strategic pivot of world politics and economy, these “trust fund states’” record on human rights, political stability and compliance with international law is abysmal. Only three of the world's ten largest oil producers are democracies and only 9 percent of the world's proven oil reserves are in the hands of countries ranked free by Freedom House. Impact-National SecurityOil dependence will continue to undermine US security - Luft '05 DR. GAL LUFT EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR INSTITUTE FOR THE ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL SECURITY (IAGS) CO-CHAIR SET AMERICA FREE COALITION 0ct. 20th, 2005 Oil prices are not going down any time soon. The rise in oil prices will yield large financial surpluses to the Middle Eastern oil producers. This petrodollar windfall will strengthen the jihadists while undermining the strategic relationship the region’s oil producers have with the U.S. As President Bush said last April, U.S. dependence on overseas oil is a "foreign tax on the American people." Indeed, oil imports constitute a quarter of the U.S. trade deficit and are a major contributor to the loss of jobs and investment opportunities. According to a study on the hidden cost of oil by the National Defense Council Foundation, the periodic oil shocks the U.S. has experienced since the 1973 Arab oil embargo cost the economy almost $2.5 trillion. More importantly, while the U.S. economy is bleeding, oil-producing nations increase their oil revenues dramatically to the detriment of our national security. The numbers speak for themselves: In November 2001, a barrel of oil was selling for $18. In less than four years the price jumped to $70. This means that Saudi Arabia, which exports about 10 mbd, receives an extra half billion dollars every day from consuming nations and Iran, which exports 2.5 mbd, an extra $125 million. This windfall benefits the non-democratic governments of the Middle East and other producers and finds its way to the jihadists committed to America’s destruction as petrodollars trickle their way through charities and government handouts to madrassas and mosques, as well as outright support of terrorist groups. Oil Dependence poses a major threat to the US national and economic security NRDC March 06 http://www.nrdc.org/legislation/factsheets/leg_06031301A.pdf Oil is the lifeblood of the American economy, providing more than 40 percent of all energy consumed in the United States and 97 percent of the energy used for transportation.1 Increasing Reliance on the Middle East The world will increasingly depend on Middle East OPEC nations to supply the oil needed to meet future demand—which is expected to grow to 110 million barrels per day (mbd) by 2025.2 A National Imperative Oil dependence endangers U.S. economic and national security. In addition to hundreds of billions of dollars each year in direct costs, oil dependence feeds the growth of Islamist terrorism; provides vast amount of money to unstable, undemocratic governments; increases the likelihood of international conflict; puts American troops in harm’s way; and exposes Americans to the risk of severe economic dislocation Directory: file -> view view -> Western Europe after wwii view -> Author study: paul fleischman view -> Qpa1 7ela study Guide view -> Arctic Oil/Gas Neg view -> November 1970 Approximately 150,000-500,000 deaths Bhola Cyclone Bangladesh view -> Grade Level: 6 Unit of Study: Caribbean glce view -> Citation: Duffield, Katy view -> Table of Contents Lesson # view -> Chinese Wind Energy Disad Download 9.54 Mb. Share with your friends:
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