Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat158, 142.pdf

Abstract: The use of low-cost and ecofriendly adsorbents has been investigated as an ideal alternative to the current expensive methods of removing dyes from wastewater. This paper deals with the removal of Acid Red 114 (AR 114) from aqueous solutions using activated carbons prepared from agricultural waste materials such as gingelly (sesame) (Sp), cotton (Cp) and pongam (Pp) seed shells. Optimum conditions for AR 114 removal were found to be pH 3, adsorbent dosage = 3 g/L Of Solution and equilibrium time = 4 h. Higher removal percentages were observed at lower concentrations of AR 114. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich equation, and the adsorption capacity of the studied adsorbents was in the order Sp > Cp > Pp. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption followed both pseudo-second-order and Elovich equation. The thermodynamics parameters such as G, H, S were also evaluated. The activated carbons prepared were characterized by FT-IR, SEM and BET analysis. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid Red 114, Activated Carbons, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherm, Agricultural, Agricultural Waste, Alternative, Analysis, Aqueous Solutions, BET, Capacity, Data, Dyes, Elovich, Elovich Equation, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Freundlich Equation, FT-IR, FTIR, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Studies, Langmuir, Methods, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Seed Shells, SEM, Solution, Solutions, Thermodynamics, Waste, Waste Materials, Wastewater

? Al-Muhtaseb, S.A., El-Naas, M.H. and Abdallah, S. (2008), Removal of aluminum from aqueous solutions by adsorption on date-pit and BDH activated carbons. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 158 (2-3), 300-307.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat158, 300.pdf

Abstract: The use of a locally prepared date-pit activated carbon and the commercially available BDH activated carbon for the removal of trivalent aluminum from aqueous solutions was examined at various conditions. In the acidic range of aluminum solubility (up to pH value of 4), both adsorbents exhibited maximum (almost equivalent) capacities for adsorbing aluminum at the pH value of 4. Date-pit activated carbon was more capable of adsorbing traces or low concentrations of aluminum ions in the solution. At low initial concentrations of aluminum and low pH, the uptake of aluminum using date-pit activated carbon was 0.305 mg/g, while that using BDH activated carbon was only 0.021 mg/g. However, the BDH activated carbon was more effective in adsorbing aluminum with high concentrations and low pH. Furthermore, date-pit activated carbon exhibited higher initial adsorption rates as compared to BDH, which showed higher rates at longer periods of time.

Keywords: Adsorption, Activated Carbon, Precipitation, Date-Pits, Isotherms

? Mataa, Y.N., Blázquez, M.L., Ballestera, A., Gonzáleza, F. and Muñoza, J.A. (2008), Characterization of the biosorption of cadmium, lead and copper with the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 158 (2-3), 316-323.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat158, 316.pdf

Abstract: The recovery of cadmium, lead and copper with the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus was characterized and quantified. The biosorption data fitted the pseudo-second order and Langmuir isotherm models, but did not adjust to the intraparticle diffusion model. The metal uptakes deduced from the pseudo-second order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model followed a similar sequence: Cu > Cd ≈ Pb. The Langmuir maximum metal uptakes were: 0.9626 mmol/g, Pb 1.02 mmol/g, and Cu 1.66 mmol/g. According to the equilibrium constants of this isotherm model, the affinity of metals for the biomass followed this order: Pb > Cu > Cd. Biosorption was accomplished by ion exchange between metals in solution and algal protons, calcium and other light metals, and by complexation of the adsorbed metals with algal carboxyl groups. FTIR spectra showed a shift in the bands of carboxyl, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups.

Keywords: Adsorption, Alginate, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Brown Alga, Cadmium, Calcium, Cd, Characterization, Complexation, Copper, Cu, Data, Diffusion, Diffusion Model, Equilibrium, FTIR, FTIR Spectra, Fucus Vesiculosus, Heavy-Metal Biosorption, Intraparticle Diffusion, Intraparticle Diffusion Model, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Langmuir Isotherm Model, Lead, Mechanisms, Metal, Metals, Model, Models, Pb, Protons, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Recovery, Removal, Rights, Solution, Sorption

? Rivas, F.J., de la Calle, R.G., Álvarez, P. and Acedo, B. (2008), Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons sorption on soils: Some anomalous isotherms. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 158 (2-3), 375-383.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat158, 375.pdf

Abstract: The sorption of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). namely acenaphthene (Ac). phenanthrene (Ph). anthracene (An), and fluoranthene (H), on soil has been investigated. The kinetics of the sorption is characterised by the presence of two distinct periods. A fast initial stage followed by a second slower sorption process. Various kinetic models (i.e., Elvoich. Lagergren. second order and double exponential models) have been used to tit experimental data. The sorption equilibrium of individual PAHs has been assessed in the 298-333 K temperature range. Unlike Ac. pH at 333 K and An and Fl at any temperature showed anomalous isotherms. The reason seems to rely on the “trapping” of dissolved PAHs by soil organic matter (SOM) released to water. This abnormal trend was not experienced when the isotherms were obtained for four PAHs mixture. Apparently. the most soluble Ac was capable of binding all the released material so no effect was thereafter observed. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Anomalous Isotherms, Carbon, Caurie, Data, Dissolved, Equilibrium, Experimental, Fluoranthene, Freundlich, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Models, Organic, Organic Matter, Oswin, PAHs, Peleg, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Rights, Second Order, Second-Order, Soil, Soil Organic Matter, Soils, Sorption, Sorption Process, Temperature, Trend, Water

? Hameed, B.H., Mahmoud, D.K. and Ahmad, A.L. (2008), Sorption equilibrium and kinetics of basic dye from aqueous solution using banana stalk waste. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 158 (2-3), 499-506.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat158, 499.pdf

Abstract: The sorption of basic dye from aqueous solutions by banana stalk waste (BSW), an abundant agricultural waste in Malaysia, was studied in a batch system with respect to pH and initial dye concentration. Sorption isotherm of methylene blue (MB) onto the BSW was determined at 30C with the initial concentrations of MB in the range of 50-500 mg/L. At pH 2.0, the sorption of dye was not favorable, while the sorption at other pHs (4.0-12.0) was remarkable. Equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir isotherm model, with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 243.90 mg/g. The sorption kinetic data were analyzed using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models. It was found that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was the best applicable model to describe the sorption kinetics. The results showed that BSW sorbent was a promising for the removal of MB from aqueous solutions.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Agricultural, Agricultural Waste, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous Solutions, Banana Stalk, Banana Stalk Waste, Basic Dye, Batch, Batch System, Capacity, Concentration, Data, Diffusion, Dye, Equilibrium, Fiber, Freundlich, Intraparticle Diffusion, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Langmuir Isotherm Model, Malaysia, MB, Methylene Blue, Methylene-Blue Biosorption, Model, Models, Monolayer, Palm Ash, Peat, pH, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model, Removal, Rights, Solution, Solutions, Sorbent, Sorption, Sorption Isotherm, Sorption Kinetics, Temkin Isotherm, Thermodynamics, Waste

? Jadhav, U.U., Dawkar, V.V., Ghodake, G.S. and Govindwar, S.P. (2008), Biodegradation of Direct Red 5B, a textile dye by newly isolated Comamonas sp. UVS. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 158 (2-3), 507-516.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat158, 507.pdf

Abstract: Soil samples collected from the vicinity of “Manpasand textile industry”, located near Ichalkaranji, India were studied for screening and isolation of bacterial strains capable of degradation of textile dyes. A potential strain was selected on the basis of rapid dye degradation and later identified as Comamonas sp. UVS. Comamonas sp. UVS showed 100% decolorization of Direct Red 5B (DR5B) dye at 40 °C and pH 6.5. The maximum Direct Red 5B concentration decolorized was 1100 mg/l in nutrient broth within 125 h. A numerical simulation with the Michaelis–Menten kinetics model gives an optimal value of 16.01±0.36 mg dye/g cell/h for maximum rate (Vmax) and 7.97±0.21 mg/l for the Michaelis constant (Km). The induction in the activities of laccase and LiP was observed during decolorization. These enzymes were inhibited by the addition of sodium azide. The biodegradation was monitored by UV–vis, FTIR spectroscopy and HPLC. The GCMS analysis indicated the presence of 7-benzoylamino-3-diazenyl-4-hydroxy-naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid in degraded product of the dye. The germination of Triticum aestivum seeds was inhibited with DR5B treatment but not with the treatment of dye degradation products.

Keywords: Analysis, Biodegradation, Comamonas sp. UVs, Concentration, Decolorization, Degradation, Dye, Dye Degradation, Dyes, FTIR, FTIR Spectroscopy, GCMS, HPLC, India, Induction, Kinetics, Kinetics Model, Kinetics of Dye Decolorization, Laccase, Model, Numerical Simulation, Nutrient, pH, Potential, Screening, Simulation, Sodium, Soil, Spectroscopy, Textile Dye, Textile Dyes, Treatment, UV, Value

? Jain, R. and Shrivastava, M. (2008), Adsorptive studies of hazardous dye Tropaeoline 000 from an aqueous phase on to coconut-husk. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 158 (2-3), 549-556.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat158, 549.pdf

Abstract: This contribution presents result pertaining to the adsorptive removal of water-soluble hazardous dye Tropaeoline 000, on to a low cost adsorbent--coconut-husk and its efficiency in the dye colour sorption was compared with activated carbon (AC). The results obtained from the batch experiments revealed the ability of the coconut-husk to remove the Tropaeoline 000 dye. The adsorption of dye was carried out at different pH, temperatures, amount of adsorbent, contact time, concentration of adsorbate (initial dye concentration) and particle size. The adsorption studies revealed that the ongoing adsorption validates both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm at temperatures 30, 40 and 50C. The adsorption isotherm data was also employed to calculate thermodynamic parameters like G, H and S. The negative values of G indicate that the dye adsorption process is a spontaneous in nature. The positive value of H shows the endothermic nature of AC/coconut-husk system whereas negative value of H indicates that the exothermic nature of AC/coconut-husk. The adsorption was found to undergo via a pseudo-second order adsorption kinetics and the results revealed that coconut-husk, an agricultural waste, proved to be an excellent low cost adsorbent.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Kinetics, Agricultural, Agricultural Waste, Aqueous Phase, Batch, Batch Experiments, Bottom-Ash, Brilliant-Blue FCF, Carbon, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Coconut Husk, Coconut-Husk, Color Removal, Concentration, Cost, Data, De-Oiled-Soya, Dye, Dye Adsorption, Efficiency, Endothermic, Exothermic, Experiments, Freundlich, Hen Feathers, Isotherm, Kinetics, Langmuir, Linked Chitosan Beads, Low Cost Adsorbent, Metal-Ions, Particle Size, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Reactive Dyes, Removal, Rights, Size, Sorption, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Tropaeoline 000 Dye, Value, Waste, Waste-Water

? Zheng, H., Han, L., Ma, H., Zheng, Y., Zhang, H., Liu, D. and Liang, S. (2008), Adsorption characteristics of ammonium ion by zeolite 13X. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 158 (2-3), 577-584.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat158, 577.pdf

Abstract: With synthetic wastewater, lab-scale batch experiments and column experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption characteristics of ammonium ion by zeolite 13X which is a hydrothermally synthetic byproduct accompanied with preparation of potassium carbonate from insoluble potash ores. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms for ammonium ion uptake and the Langmuir model agrees very well with experimental data. Thermodynamic parameters including changes in the standard free energy (G), enthalpy (H) and entropy (S) were also calculated. The results show that the exchange process of ammonium ion by zeolite 13X is spontaneous and exothermic. The pseudo second-order kinetic model was found to provide excellent kinetic data fitting (R2 > 0.999). The effects of relevant dynamic parameters, such as influent flow rate, adsorbent bed height and initial ammonium ion concentration on the adsorption of ammonium ion were examined, respectively. The Thomas model was applied to predict the breakthrough curves and to determine the characteristic parameters of column useful for process design and was found suitable for describing the adsorption process of the dynamic behavior of the zeolite 13X column. The total adsorbed quantities, equilibrium uptakes and total removal percents of ammonium ion related to the effluent volumes were determined by evaluating the breakthrough curves obtained at different conditions.

Keywords: 13x, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Ammonium, Ammonium Ion, Aqueous-Solution, Batch, Batch Experiments, Behavior, Breakthrough, Breakthrough Curves, Carbonate, Changes, Characteristics, Clinoptilolite, Column, Column Experiments, Concentration, Data, Design, Dynamic, Dynamic Parameters, Energy, Enthalpy, Entropy, Equilibrium, Exchange, Exothermic, Experimental, Experiments, Flow, Freundlich, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Model, Models, Natural Zeolite, Potassium, Preparation, Process Design, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Rights, Second Order, Second-Order, Standard, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameter, Thermodynamic Parameters, Thomas Model, Uptake, Wastewater, Water, Zeolite, Zeolite 13X

? Bhat, S.V., Melo, J.S., Chaugule, B.B. and D’Souza, S.F. (2008), Biosorption characteristics of uranium(VI) from aqueous medium onto Catenella repens, a red alga. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 158 (2-3), 628-635.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat158, 628.pdf

Abstract: The biosorption characteristics of uranium(VI) onto Catenella repens (a red alga), were evaluated as a function of pH, biosorbent size, time, biomass dosage, initial uranium concentration and temperature. Within the pH range studied (1.5–7.5), 4.5 was the optimum pH for the uptake of uranium(VI) by C. repens. Reduction in particle size did not increase the biosorption capacity. The metal removal was rapid, with more than 90% of total biosorption taking place in 30 min, and equilibrium was attained in 45 min. The maximum metal loading capacity of the alga was 303 mg/g. Within the temperature range studied (15–55°C), there was no significant change in biosorption, under optimal conditions. Adsorption process could be well defined by both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms with r² of 0.94 and 0.96, respectively. The kinetic data fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with the r² value of 0.99. At a low pH of 2.5, where most of the biomasses show either no or less metal uptake, a good (>15%) metal loading capacity of 25% was achieved. Therefore biosorption characteristics were also evaluated at pH 2.5.

Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous Medium, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Biosorption Characteristics, Capacity, Catenella Repens, Characteristics, Concentration, Cycle, Data, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Function, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Langmuir, Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherms, Loading, Metal, Metal Loading, Metal Uptake, Model, Particle Size, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model, Reduction, Removal, Size, Sorption, Temperature, Uptake, Uranium, Uranium(VI), Water

? Eren, E. (2008), Removal of copper ions by modified Unye clay, Turkey. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 159 (2-3), 235-244.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat159, 235.pdf

Abstract: This paper presents the adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solution on modified Unye bentonite. Adsorption of Cu(II) by manganase oxide modified bentonite (MMB) sample was investigated as a function of the initial Cu(II) concentration, solution pH, ionic strength, temperature and inorganic ligands (Cl-, SO42-, HPO42-). Changes in the surfaces and structure were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, N-2 gas adsorption and potentiometric titration data. The adsorption properties of raw bentonite (RB) were further improved by modification with manganese oxide. Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity of the MMB (105.38 mg/g) was found greater than that of the raw bentonite (42.41 mg/g). The spontaneity of the adsorption process is established by decrease in Delta G which varied from -4.68 to -5.10 kJ mol(-1) in temperature range 303-313 K. The high performance exhibited by MMB was attributed to increased surface area and higher negative surface charge after modification. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Characteristics, Adsorption Properties, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solution, Bentonite, Bentonite, Capacity, Charge, Clay, Concentration, Copper, Cu(II), Data, Function, Heavy Metal, Heavy-Metals, Ionic Strength, Ions, IR, Iron-Oxide, Langmuir, Ligands, Manganese, Manganese Oxide, Mixed Mineral Systems, Modification, Modified, Monolayer, N-2, N₂, Nodule Leached Residues, Nov, Oxide, Performance, pH, Potentiometric Titration, Removal, Rights, Solution, Spectroscopy, Strength, Structure, Surface, Surface Area, Surface Charge, Surfaces, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Turkey, Waste-Water, X-Ray, X-Ray Diffraction, XRD, Zinc Removal

? Jang, S.H., Jeong, Y.G., Min, B.G., Lyoo, W.S. and Lee, S.C. (2008), Preparation and lead ion removal property of hydroxyapatite/polyacrylamide composite hydrogels. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 159 (2-3), 294-299.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat159, 294.pdf

Abstract: We report the synthesis of hydroxyapatite/polyacrylamide (HAp/PAAm) composite hydrogels with various HAp contents by free radical polymerization and their removal capability of Pb²⁺ ions in aqueous solutions with controlled initial Pb²⁺ ion concentrations and pH values of 2–5. The swelling ratio of the composite gels in aqueous solutions decreases with increasing the HAp content in the gels. The composite gel with higher HAp content exhibits the higher removal capacity of Pb²⁺ ions owing to the higher adsorption sites for Pb²⁺ ions, but shows the slower removal rate of Pb²⁺ ions due to the lower degree of swelling. The removal mechanism of Pb²⁺ ion is very sensitive to the pH value in aqueous solution, although the removed amount of Pb²⁺ ion is nearly same, regardless of pH values of 2–5. The removal mechanism, the dissolution of HAp in the composite gel and subsequent precipitation of hydroxypyromorphite (HPy), is dominant at lower pH 2–3, whereas the mechanism, the adsorption of Pb²⁺ ions on the composite gel and following cation exchange reaction between Pb²⁺ ions adsorbed and Ca²⁺ of HAp, is dominant at higher pH 4–5. The equilibrium removal process of Pb²⁺ ions by the composite gels at pH 5 is described well with the Langmuir isotherm model. The equilibrium removal capacities of the composite gels with 30, 50, and 70 wt.% HAp contents are evaluated to be 123, 178, and 209 mg/g, respectively.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Heavy Metal, Hydrogel, Hydroxyapatite, Polyacrylamide

? Dafale, N., Wate, S., Meshram, S. and Nandy, T. (2008), Kinetic study approach of remazol black-B use for the development of two-stage anoxic-oxic reactor for decolorization/biodegradation of azo dyes by activated bacterial consortium. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 159 (2-3), 319-328.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat159, 319.pdf

Abstract: The laboratory-isolated strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Proteus mirabilis, Bacillus circulance, NAD 1 and NAD 6 were observed to be predominant in the bacterial consortium responsible for effective decolorization of the azo dyes. The kinetic characteristics of azo dye decolorization by bacterial consortium were determined quantitatively using reactive vinyl sulfonated diazo dye, remazol black-B (RB-B) as a model substrate. Effects of substrate (RB-B) concentration as well as different substrates (azo dyes), environmental parameters (temperature and pH), glucose and other electron donor/co-substrate on the rate of decolorization were investigated to reveal the key factor that determines the performance of dye decolorization. The activation energy (Ea) and frequency factor (K0) based on the Arrhenius equation was calculated as 11.67 kcal mol⁻¹ and 1.57×107 mg l g MLSS⁻¹ h⁻¹, respectively. The Double-reciprocal or Lineweaver–Burk plot was used to evaluate Vmax, 15.97 h⁻¹ and Km, 85.66 mg l⁻¹. The two-stage anoxic–oxic reactor system has proved to be successful in achieving significant decolorization and degradation of azo dyes by specific developed bacterial consortium with a removal of 84% color and 80% COD for real textile effluents vis-à-vis ≥90% color and COD removal for synthetic dye solution.

Keywords: Activation, Activation Energy, Anoxic-Oxic, Approach, Azo Dye, Azo Dyes, Azo-Dyes, Bacillus, Bacterial Consortium, Characteristics, COD, Concentration, Decolorization, Degradation, Development, Dye, Dye Decolorization, Dye-Decolorization, Dyes, Effluents, Energy, Environmental, Glucose, Kinetic, Kinetic Study, Model, Performance, pH, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Remazol Black-B, Removal, Rhodobacter Sphaeroides, Solution, Temperature, Textile Effluents, Two-Stage

? Mana, M., Ouali, M.S., Lindheimer, M. and de Menorval, L.C. (2008), Removal of lead from aqueous solutions with a treated spent bleaching earth. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 159 (2-3), 358-364.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat159, 358.pdf

Abstract: A spent bleaching earth from an edible oil refinery has been treated by impregnation with a normal sodium hydroxide solution followed by mild thermal treatment (100C). The obtained material (TSBE) was washed, dried and characterized by X-ray diffraction, FTIR, SEM, BET and thermal analysis. The clay structure was not apparently affected by the treatment and the impregnated organic matter was quantitatively removed. We have investigated the sorption of lead on this material, the spent bleaching earth (SBE) and the virgin bleaching earth (VBE). The kinetic results fit the pseudo second-order kinetic model and the Weber & Morris. intraparticle diffusion model. The pH had effect on the sorption efficiency. The sorption isotherms followed the Langmuir model for various sorbent concentrations with good values of determination coefficient. A comparison between the results obtained with this material and those of the literature highlighted a good removal capacity of the treated spent bleaching earth at low cost. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Analysis, Aqueous Solutions, Bet, Capacity, Clay, Comparison, Cost, Determination, Diffusion, Diffusion Model, Edible Oil, Efficiency, Effluents, Equilibrium, FTIR, Heavy-Metal Ions, Impregnation, Intraparticle Diffusion, Intraparticle Diffusion Model, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Lead, Literature, Low Cost, Model, Normal, NOV, Organic, Organic Matter, Organic-Dyes, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Regeneration, Removal, Reuse, Rights, Second Order, Second-Order, SEM, Sodium, Solution, Solutions, Sorbent, Sorption, Sorption, Sorption Isotherms, Spent Bleaching Earth, Structure, Thermal Analysis, Thermal Treatment, Treatment, X-Ray, X-Ray Diffraction

? Chakravarty, S., Pimple, S., Chaturvedi, H.T., Singh, S. and Gupta, K.K. (2008), Removal of copper from aqueous solution using newspaper pulp as an adsorbent. Journal of Hazardous Materials,