Title: Scandinavian Journal of Economics

Title: Scandinavian Journal of Economics

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Paul, T., Almas, K. and Maktabi, A. (2003), Findlay, Ronald, Jonung, Lars and Lundahl, Mats: Bertil Ohlin-A Centennial Celebration (1899-1999). Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 105 (2), 311-316.

Full Text: 2003\Sca J Eco105, 311.pdf

? Bacchiocchi, E. and Montobbio, F. (2010), International knowledge diffusion and home-bias effect: Do USPTO and EPO patent citations tell the same story?*. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 112 (3), 441-470.

Full Text: 2010\Sca J Eco112, 441.pdf

Abstract: This paper estimates the international diffusion of technical knowledge using patent citations. We control for self-citations and for procedural differences between patent offices using equivalent patents. We find that (1) there are clear biases in patent examination processes that generate citations in the two offices, (2) at the EPO there is a strong localization effect at the country level, and the size is comparable to that found at the USPTO, (3) technological fields have different properties of diffusion in the two patent offices that do not depend on a patent office bias, (4) using EPO data, the US is not the leading country in terms of citations made and received, as occurs at the USPTO.

Keywords: Citations, Diffusion, Examiner Citations, Flows, Geography, Growth, Indicators, Innovation, Knowledge, Knowledge Flows, O31, O33, O34, Patent, Patent Citations, Patents, Productivity, Reassessment, Research-and-Development, Self Citations, Self-Citations, Spillovers, Spillovers, US

Title: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology

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? Xu, T. and Cai, Q.P. (2008), Prophylactic antibiotic treatment in acute necrotizing pancreatitis: Results from a meta-analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 43 (10), 1249-1258.

Full Text: 2010\Sca J Gas43, 1249.pdf

Abstract: Objective. The effect of prophylactic antibiotic treatment on infection and survival of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term efficacy of prophylactic antibiotic treatment for ANP. Material and methods. Searches were carried out of electronic databases including Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, the Science Citation Index, and PubMed (updated to December 2007), and manual bibliographical searches were also conducted. A meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing prophylactic antibiotic treatment with placebo or no treatment was performed. Results. Eight RCTs including 540 patients were assessed. The outcomes included infected necrosis, death, non-pancreatic infection, surgical intervention, and length of hospital stay. Prophylactic antibiotic use leads to a significant reduction of infected necrosis (relative risk (RR) 0.69, 95% CI, 0.50-0.95, p=0.02), non-pancreatic infections (RR 0.66 95% CI, 0.48-0.91, p=0.01), and length of hospital stay (p=0.004) but was not associated with a statistically significant reduction in mortality (RR 0.76 95% CI, 0.50-1.18, p=0.22) and surgical intervention (RR 0.90 95% CI, 0.66-1.23, p=0.52). In a subgroup analysis, carbapenem was associated with a significant reduction in infected necrosis (p=0.009) and non-pancreatic infections (p=0.006), whereas other antibiotics were not. Conclusions. Prophylactic antibiotic treatment is associated with a significant reduction of pancreatic or peripancreatic infection, non-pancreatic infection, and length of hospital stay, but cannot prevent death and surgical intervention in acute necrotizing pancreatitis.

Keywords: Activation Peptides Tap, Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis, Antibiotic, Antibiotics, Bacterial Translocation, Citation, Controlled Clinical-Trial, Databases, Double-Blind, Imipenem, Intervention, Management, Medline, Meta-Analysis, Methods, Mortality, Multicenter, Outcomes, Peritoneal-Fluid, Placebo, Prophylaxis, Randomized Controlled Trials, Randomized-Trials, Reduction, Risk, Science, Science Citation Index, Septic Complications, Treatment

Title: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases

ISO Abbreviated Title: Scand. J. Infect. Dis.

JCR Abbreviated Title: Scand J Infect Dis

ISSN: 0036-5548

Issues/Year: 6

Journal Country Sweden

Language: English

Publisher: Scandinavian University Press

Publisher Address: PO Box 2959 Toyen, Journal Division Customer Service, N-0608 Oslo, Norway

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? Kukkula, M., Arstila, P., Klossner, M.L., Maunula, L., Bonsdorff, C.H. and Jaatinen, P. (1997), Waterborne outbreak of viral gastroenteritis. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 29 (4), 415-418.

Full Text: 1997\Sca J Inf Dis29, 415.pdf

Abstract: A waterborne epidemic took place in a Finnish municipality in April 1994. Some 1500-3000 people, i.e. 25-50% of the population, had symptomatic acute gastroenteritis. Laboratory findings confirmed adenovirus, a Norwalk-like agent, small round viruses (SRV), and group A and C rotaviruses as causative agents, Norwalk virus being the main cause of the outbreak. The epidemic was most probably associated with contaminated drinking water. The groundwater well, situated in the embankment of a river, was contaminated by polluted river water during the spring flood. A back flow from the river to the well had occurred via a forgotten drainage pipe.

Keywords: Enteric Viruses, PCR, Enteroviruses, Infection

? Zhang, T., Zhao, N.Q., Zhang, T.J., Black, S., Xu, B. and Zhao, G.M. (2008), Meta-analysis of antibiotic susceptibility and the genotype of penicillin-binding proteins in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 40 (10), 797-803.

Full Text: 2008\Sca J Inf Dis40, 797.pdf

Abstract: To further understanding of the mechanisms of development of resistance to penicillin in Streptococcus pneumoniae, and the role of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) mutations to antibiotics resistance a meta-analysis was performed. Major databases, PUBMED, Current Contents, Biosis previews, Web of Science, were searched for studies that published within 1997 through to 2007, and reported the penicillin MIC and the alteration of PBP 1a, 2b and 2x (genes or proteins) of clinical S. pneumoniae isolates. Papers were reviewed by 2 persons and used standard criteria to enroll them. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. Overall, 20 studies were included in the meta-analysis. For the included 1771 clinical S. pneumoniae isolates, the susceptibility to penicillin decreased in inverse proportion to the presence of mutated pbp genes. The mutations of the conserved amino acid motifs STMK and SRNVP of PBP 1A, STMK and LKSG of PBP2X, and SSNT of PBP2B are critical for the penicillin resistance. Those motifs can be used as markers for the penicillin susceptibility of S. pneumoniae. These results are useful in helping define the mechanism of penicillin resistance in S. pneumoniae.

Keywords: 1a, 2b, 2x, Amoxicillin, Antibiotic, Antibiotics, Children, Databases, Development, Genes, Japan, Macrolide Resistance, Mechanism, Meta Analysis, Meta-Analysis, Model, Pneumococci, Resistance, Science, Serotype, Susceptibility, Web of Science

? Tuon, F.F., Higashino, H.R., Lopes, M.I.B.F., Litvoc, M.N., Atomiya, A.N., Antonangelo, L. and Leite, O.M. (2010), Adenosine deaminase and tuberculous meningitis-A systematic review with meta-analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 42 (3), 198-207.

Full Text: 2010\Sca J Inf Dis42, 198.pdf

Abstract: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe infection of the central nervous system, particularly in developing countries. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are necessary to decrease the high rates of disability and death associated with TBM. The diagnosis is often time and labour intensive; thus, a simple, accurate and rapid diagnostic test is needed. The adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity test is a rapid test that has been used for the diagnosis of the pleural, peritoneal and pericardial forms of tuberculosis. However, the usefulness of ADA in TBM is uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate ADA as a diagnostic test for TBM in a systematic review. A systematic search was performed of the medical literature (MEDLINE, LILACS, Web of Science and EMBASE). The ADA values from TBM cases and controls (diagnosed with other types of meningitis) were necessary to calculate the sensitivity and specificity. Out of a total of 522 studies, 13 were included in the meta-analysis (380 patients with TBM). The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratios (DOR) were calculated based on arbitrary ADA cut-off values from 1 to 10 U/l. ADA values from 1 to 4 U/l (sensitivity > 93% and specificity < 80%) helped to exclude TBM; values between 4 and 8 U/l were insufficient to confirm or exclude the diagnosis of TBM (p = 0.07), and values > 8 U/l (sensitivity < 59% and specificity > 96%) improved the diagnosis of TBM (p < 0.001). None of the cut-off values could be used to discriminate between TBM and bacterial meningitis. In conclusion, ADA cannot distinguish between bacterial meningitis and TBM, but using ranges of ADA values could be important to improve TBM diagnosis, particularly after bacterial meningitis has been ruled out. The different methods used to measure ADA and the heterogeneity of data do not allow standardization of this test as a routine.

Keywords: Adults, Bacterial Meningitis, Cairo, Cerebrospinal-Fluid, Children, Csf, Developing Countries, Diagnosis, Diagnostic Test, Diagnostic-Value, Disability, Effusions, Egypt, Embase, Features, Infection, Literature, Medical, Medline, Meta-Analysis, Patients, Pericarditis, Review, Science, Sensitivity, Sensitivity and Specificity, Specificity, Systematic, Systematic Review, Treatment, Tuberculosis, Web of Science

? Huang, T.C., Wang, H.Q., Jing, J.Y., Jin, J.F. and Cui, W. (2011), Association between lymphotoxin-alpha intron +252 polymorphism and sepsis: A meta-analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 43 (6-7), 436-447.

Full Text: 2011\Sca J Inf Dis43, 436.pdf

Abstract: Background: We evaluated the association of lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA, also known as tumour necrosis factor-beta) promoter +252 A/G polymorphism with sepsis. Methods: A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science (for the period January 1966 to June 2010). Two reviewers independently selected studies on the genetic association of LTA +252 A/G polymorphism with sepsis and independently extracted data onto standardized forms. Results: Twenty-seven studies with 4399 septic patients were included based on predefined inclusion criteria. As compared to AG + GG, the LTA AA genotype was significantly associated with an increased development of sepsis in the overall population (odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-1.62; p = 0.006). An association between mortality from sepsis and AA genotype was also found in the overall population (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.27-2.80; p = 0.002). Stratification by ethnicity indicated that the contribution to both sepsis susceptibility and mortality may be stronger in Caucasians (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.08-1.91 and OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.52-4.00, respectively) than in other ethnicities. Conclusions: The LTA +252 A/G polymorphism is associated with both susceptibility to and mortality from sepsis.

Keywords: Community-Acquired Pneumonia, Contribution, Critically-Ill Patients, Development, Embase, Ethnicity, Factor Gene Polymorphisms, Genetic, Genotypic Differences, Interleukin-6 Blood-Levels, Lymphotoxin-Alpha, Medline, Meta-Analysis, Methods, Mortality, Patients, Polymorphism, Ratio, Science, Sepsis, Septic Shock, Stratification, Susceptibility, Systematic, Tnf-Beta, Trauma Patients, Tumor-Necrosis-Factor, Web of Science