Pestvidéki Ásványbánya Vállalat



Download 1.61 Mb.
Page34/50
Date20.10.2016
Size1.61 Mb.
#5110
1   ...   30   31   32   33   34   35   36   37   ...   50

Szántó, György (George) (Vágújhely, now Nové Mesto nad Váhom, Slovakia, 7 June 1893 - Budapest, 11 September 1961) – Writer. His school years were spent at Lugos (now Lugoj, Romania), after which he began his studies at the Budapest Polytechnic; but World War I, interrupted them; he was sent to the Russian front, where he was injured on his forehead and became blind in his right eye. After his return to Hungary, he occupied himself with painting. In 1920 he received a job as a costume and stage designer for the Romanian Opera House at Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca); later, he moved to Vienna to undergo medical treatment, but soon became blind also in his left eye. In 1924 he moved to Arad (now in Romania) and, from 1942 he lived in Budapest. He wrote chiefly historical and youth novels. In his novels, daring use of wording is combined with rich pictorial quality. He depicted the world not in its forms but in its colors. His works include The Blue Rider (A kék lovas) short stories (1925); The Globe (A földgömb) novel (1929); My Black Years (Fekete éveim) autobiography (1935); Tent-dwelling King (Sátoros király) historical drama, produced in the National Theater (Nemzeti Színház) of Budapest in 1936; The Witch (A boszorkány) (1950), and Bankruptcy (Csőd) novel (1955). He received the Attila József Prize in 1959). – B: 1160, 1257, T: 7456.
Szántó, Tibor (Budapest, 6 April 1912 - Budapest, 2 May 2001) – Typographer and book designer. As a teenager, he started to work as a typesetter, later turned to design and to the new art of typography. This brought him in touch with avant-garde books, magazines and posters, to the school of Sándor (Alexnder) Bortnyik, where he learned not only the trade but also received a spirit of mission. He graduated from the University of Budapest, majoring in Art History and Museology. In the beginning, he worked for daily newspapers, but published in the Hungarian Graphics (Magyar Grafika) as early as the 1930s. After World War II he worked at the daily People’s Voice (Népszava); later, he was in charge of textbook editing. He was artistic manager first at the Ferenc Móra Publishing House, then at the Révai Press, and later at the Magyar Helikon Publishing House. He taught at the Academy of Fine Arts and at the Academy of Applied Arts, in Budapest. He was elected Secretary-General of the re-instituted Hungarian Bibliophile Society. He contributed to the editing of numerous bibliophile volumes at the Helikon Publishers during the Communist period, from codices to the facsimile editions of the Károli Bible, and numerous limited bibliophile editions. He is considered one of the greatest book-editing artists of the second half of the 20th century in Hungary. Many volumes designed and illustrated by him were distinguished at the Beautiful Hungarian Book (Szép Magyar Könyv) annual competition, starting in 1955, with pieces such as: Illuminated Chronicle (Képes Krónika); The Illustrated Book of Hungarian Literature (A magyar irodalom képeskönyve), and the Bible of Vizsoly (Vizsolyi Biblia), etc. The Hungarian Anjou Legendary (A Magyar Anjou Legendárium) appeared at the book competition in Hungary in 1972; it also won the Silver medal at the Leipzig Book Exhibition in 1974. He had many personal exhibitions at home and abroad. Among his books are The Book of Type-setting (A betűszedés könyve) (1951); The Art of the Printed Character (A nyomtatott betű művészete) (1958); The Beautiful Hungarian Book 1473-1973 (A szép magyar könyv 1473-1973); The Illustrated Book of the Five Hundred Years of Hungarian Book Editing (Az ötszáz éves magyar könyvművészet képeskönyve) (1974); The History of Books (A könyv története) (1976), and Book Design (Könyvtervezés) (1988). He was awarded the Silver Medal in Milan at the Exhibition of Applied Art (1933), the Munkácsy Prize (1955), the Merited Artist title (1956), the Outstanding Artist title (1970), and the Kossuth Prize (1973). – B: 1031, 1654, T: 7697.→Hungarian Anjou Book of Legends; Illuminated Chronicle, Vienna; Vizsoly Bible; Bortnyik, Sándor.
Szapolyai, János→János I, King.
Száraz, György (George) (Budapest, 3 November 1930 - Budapest, 29 December 1987) – Writer and playwright. Having completed his secondary education, he became a government official. Late in 1952, after he had served his compulsory military training period, he was imprisoned, charged with Titoistic organization. After he was freed in 1954, he worked in public education. Between 1961 and 1964, he was an artistic guide in the Csokonai Cultural Center of district XV of Budapest, later its director. From 1964 he was a writer and journalist. In 1977 he was a political columnist for the daily Life and Literature (Élet és Irodalom); in 1979 chief contributor of the paper and, concurrently, between 1978 and 1980, he was the playwright for the Theater of Kecskemét. From 1983 until his death he worked as Editor-in-Chief for the journal Contemporary (Kortárs). His works include The Magnificent Death (A nagyszerű halál) drama about the Martyrs of Arad, (1974); The Bells of Rókus Church (A Rókus-templom harangjai) drama (1979); About a Strange Book (Egy furcsa könyvről) essay (1983); Imperial Visit (Császárlátogatás) plays, TV-plays (1984), and The General (A tábornok) documentary novel (1984). His field of interest was the research of the missed opportunities in Hungarian history. He was a recipient of the Metropolitan Council’s Cultural Prize (1984), the Attila József Prize (1978), and the Kossuth Prize (1985). – B: 0883, 1257, T: 7456.→Arad, Martyrs of.
Szárits, János (John) (Ivan Sarić in Croat and Serb) (Szabadka, now Subotica, Serbia, 27 June 1876 - Szabadka, 23 August 1969) – Aircraft builder, sporting aviator. He completed a commercial school, passing an exam in Public Accounting, and worked at the municipal administration of Szabadka until his retirement. Then his interest turned to technology and technical sport. He designed and built bicycles, motorcars and airplanes. As a bicycle and car-racer he won many races; he was the holder of numerous sporting decorations. In 1909 in Paris he became aquainted with Louis Blériot, which turned him towards aiplane construtions. In May 1910, with his self-made plane of 25 horsepower, he managed to take off. He took part in a number of flying demonstrations. The presses of Bács-Bodrog County and of Budapest often reported on his inventions and sporting achievements in the early years of the 20th century. In 1960, the Yugoslav Air Force Command adopted and prepared his 1910 airplane in its original size with his professional guidance; it is preserved in the Airplane Museum of Zimony (now Zemun, Serbia). – B: 0883, 1031, T: 7456.→Pioneers of Hungarian Aviation.
Szárszó Conferences (Balatonszárszó) – Summer conferences of the Hungarian Reformed (Presbyterian) students of the Soli Deo Gloria Association (SDG), at their resort-place at Szárszó on the southern shores of Lake Balaton, first held in 1925, and from 1935 annually, where vital problems have also been dealt with. Of historic significance was its eighth national meeting held during 23rd to 28th August 1943. Lion’s share of the organizing work was carried out by Sándor (Alexander) Püski (1911-2009), the owner of the Hungarian Life (Magyar Élet) Book Publishing firm, specializing in publishing the works of peasant writers. There were some 600 participant at the conference: students, writers, politicians, journalists, leaders of societies, worker- and peasant youths. Members of KALOT, EMSZO and the Professional Association also took part in the debates including the eminent representatives of the three Historical Churches. The topics of the discussions were the conditions of the Hungarian people and the future of Hungary after World War II – already going on since 1939. The better-known speakers included László Németh (1901-1975), János Kodolányi (1899-1969), Péter Veres (1897-1970), Ferenc (Francis) Erdei (1910-1971), Sándor (Alexander) Karácsony (1891-1952), Géza Féja (1900-1978), Gyula (Julius) László (1910-1998), Pál Szabó (1893-1970), Lajos (Louis) Jócsik (1910-1980), István (Stephen) Nagy (1904-1977), and László (Ladislas) Szabédi (1907-1959). As the war‘s end approached, the debate on the future of the country heightened, especially at the 1942 and 1943 conferences. The debate between Ferenc Erdei and László Németh aroused the greatest interest. Erdei argued for an apparently recently evolving “socialism’, while Németh for a “third way” between capitalism and socialism. The decisive majority of the participants sided with the latter. – B: 0945, T: 7456.→ Most of the above mentioned writers have their own entries.
Szarvas, Gábor (Gabriel) (Ada, 22 March 1832 - Budapest, 12 October 1895) – Linguist. His young age denied him a membership in the Home Guard in 1848. He became a member of the Benedictine Order. When he passed the university entrance examination, he left the Order in 1852 and became a teacher in Baja and eventually taught in Pest in 1869. A serious eye disease cost him his vision and forced his retirement in 1881. In recognition of his successful work, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences elected him a member, and commissioned him to start a periodical in 1872, entitled The Hungarian Language Guard (Magyar Nyelvőr) with the aim of cultivating the Hungarian language. He wrote his orthographic and etymological debating articles and was opposed to forced language reforms, outlandish phrases and barbarism. Between 1890 and 1893, together with Zsigmond (Sigismund) Simonyi, he edited the Hungarian Language History Dictionary (Magyar nyelvtörténeti
szótár). He was one of the outstanding representatives of the Hungarian language culture. – B: 1257, T: 7669→Simonyi, Zsigmond.
Szarvas, Late Avar Runic Writing Relic – On 2 April 1983, during the excavation of an Avar burial ground near Szarvas, Irén Juhász, archeologist of the Samuel Tessedik Museum, found, in grave No. 67, beside a female skeleton, a bone needle holder with runic inscription, about 1200 years old. This was the discovery of one of the most extensive and significant runic writing relics of the Avar age. On lines running right to left, 60-62 runic signs were found on the needle holder. András (Andrew) Róna Tas, Gábor (Gabriel) Vékony, Sándor (Alexander) Forrai and János (John) Harmatta, runic writing researchers, tried to decipher the inscription. The runic signs and the line direction show a similarity with the Székely-Magyar (Szekler-Hungarian) runic writing. The most striking resemblance however is shown with the runic system of the Nagyszentmiklós gold find. – B: 0732, 1251, 1502, T: 7669.→Runic Writing; Runic Writing, Hungarian; Runic Writing Research; Tessedik, Sámuel; Forrai, Sándor; Harmatta János; Nagyszentmiklós Treasure.
Szász, Béla (Szombathely, 9 July 1910 - Great Britain, 25 June 1999) – Writer. He studied at the Faculty of Economics of the Budapest Polytechnic, and later attended courses at the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Budapest, majoring in Hungarian, French and Art History. He pursued further studies at the University of Paris (Sorbonne) in 1930. He was charged with Communist conspiracy and was taken to court in 1932, and was imprisoned for three months. In 1937 he moved to Paris, later emigrated to Argentina. He was engaged in Communist political activity, and worked for Hungarian emigré papers. He returned to Hungary in 1946, when Hungary started to come under Communist rule in the presence of the Soviet occupying forces. He became a correspondent for the papers Illustrated Week (Képes Hét) and Future (Jövendő). In 1948 he was an official at the Foreign Ministry, and later headed the Press Section of the Department of Agriculture. In late May 1949, he was arrested and taken to court in connection with the Rajk-trial. Under false accusations, he was sentenced to ten years’ imprisonment. He was freed in August 1954, and was rehabilitated; he received a position as a reader at the Literary (Szépirodalmi) Publisher, later at the New Hungarian (Új Magyar) Book Publisher. After the 1956 Hungarian Revolution and Freedom Fight, Szász fled to the West; first living in Vienna, later he settled in London. From 1957 he was an associate editor of Literary News (Irodalmi Újság); from 1959 until 1963 he took part in the activities of the Imre Nagy Institute in Brussels, and in editing its journals. From 1965 he worked as an outside consultant for the Hungarian program of the BBC. Some of his essays, articles and critiques appeared in the above papers as well as in the periodical, New Horizon (Új Látóhatár) and in the Independent Hungary (Független Magyarország). His book, written under the name Vincent Savarius, Without Any Compulsion (Minden kényszer nélkül) recalls the Rajk trial. He also prepared documentary films for English, German and French radio and TV stations. His works also include Freiwillige für den Galgen (1963), and Penelope and the Knight (Penelope és a lovag) novelette (1988), and a history of the Huns. – B: 1257, 1590, 1672, T: 7456.→Rajk Trial.
Szász, Imre (Emeric) (Budapest, 19 March 1927 - Budapest, 8 April 2003) – Writer, translator of literary works. His high school years were spent in Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania); later, he moved to Budapest, where he obtained a Dip. Ed. in Education from the University of Budapest, majoring in Hungarian and English Literature. Between 1968 and 1975 he began to work as a referee for book publishing firms, first with the Franklin, later with the Szépirodalmi Publisher (Szépirodalmi Kiadó) (1975). Then, from 1975 to 1977, he was a reference editor of Life and Literature (Élet és Irodalom) and, since 1977, a senior correspondent of the weekly New Mirror (Új Tükör). He spent two years in the USA, and translated several novels and plays from English into Hungarian. He handled film scenarios, travelogues, essays and critiques on a high literary standard. He dealt especially with American literary works, like that of Jack London and Mark Twain. His works include Coastal Guide (Vízparti kalauz) short stories (1958); Victims (Áldozatok) novel (1975); Without a Net (Háló nélkül), studies (1979), and The Lake of Remembering (Az emlékezés tava) novel (2002). He is a recipient of the Attila József Prize (1988), and the Artisjus Literary Prize (1994). – B: 1031, 1122, 1257, T: 7456.
Szász, János (John) (Budapest, 14 March 1958 - ) – Theater and film director. He is the son of the film director Péter Szász. He studied drama criticism at the Academy of Dramatic Art (1979-1982), and also studied film directing (1982-1986). He already appeared in smaller roles during his student years. His films include Postscript (Utóirat) (1988); Woyzeck (1994); The Eye of the Holocaust (2000), and Opium (2007). His feature films are characterized by strong psychological effects; he is mainly interested in crime. He also directs regularly in theaters both in Hungary and abroad; he also worked for three years in the USA and, at present, he teaches at the College of Dramatic and Cinematic Art, Budapest. He puts the great classics on the stage at the National Theater, the Comedy Theater, and the Bárka Theater (Bárka Színház), Budapest. He spent a number of seasons at the theater of Nyíregyháza. His theatrical direction includes Chekhov’s Three Sisters (Három nővér); Uncle Ványa (Ványa bácsi), and Seagull (Sirály). He received the Béla Balázs Prize in 1995 and the Merited Artist title in 2001. In May 2001, he was admitted to the American Directors’ Guild. – B: 1031, 1122, 1886, T: 7456.→Szász, Péter.
Szász, Károly Jr. (Charles), (szemerjei) (Nagyenyed, now Aiud, Romania, 15 June 1829 - Budapest, 15 October 1905) – Bishop of the Reformed Church, writer, poet, dramatist, translator of literary works and teacher. He was a descendant of an ancient Szekler- Hungarian noble family; he attended high school in Nagyenyed, and received a Teacher’s Degree in Mathematics and Military Science at the University of Pest in 1848. He took part in the 1848/49 War of Independence, joining the independent army during the Kossuth Government. In 1849, he fled with his father to Debrecen, where he worked as a clerk at the Ministry of Education and Religion of the independent government. He was forced to flee after the fall of the War of Independence and, while he was in hiding, he worked as a tutor. In 1851 he acquired a Degree in Theology and, for a year, he was a teacher of Hungarian Language and Literature at the Reformed High School of Nagykőrös. He gave up this position to the great lyric poet János (John) Arany, and instead taught mathematics. After his wife’s death, Szász began working as a minister of the Reformed Church in Kecskemét; then, in 1854, in Kézdivásárhely in the Szekler area of Transylvania (now Targu-Secuesc, Romania) and, after three years, in Kúnszentmiklós. In 1863 he was invited to Szabadszállás to be minister there. From 1865 he was a representative of the Deák Party in Parliament, and became an honorary lecturer at the University of Budapest. From 1884 to 1903, he was Bishop of the Danubian Church District. From 1858 he was a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; in 1892 he became its second President. He also became member of the Kisfaludy Society in 1860. His poetry is strongly influenced by János Arany and Pál (Paul) Gyulai. Subjects of his epics were taken from Hungarian history. A selection from his works was published under the title English and French Poets (Angol és francia költők) translations (1855); other works of his include Poems, vols. i,ii (Költemények, I-II) (1861); and his epic works include Csák of Trencsény (Terncsényi Csák); Dramas: The Wise Solomon (A bölcs Salamon) biblical drama (1889); Herod (1867); György Frater (1869); Álmos (1870); King Mátyás (Mathias Corvinus) (1879), Commander István (István vezér) (1893); Death of Attila (Attila halála) play (1893), and the monumental scholarly synthesis, The Great Epics of World Literature, vols. i-ii (A világirodalom nagy époszai, I,II) (1881-1882). Szász translated works from Goethe, Schiller, Heine, Victor Hugo, Burns, Byron, Poe, and many other poets. He translated eight dramas of Shakespeare, eight plays of Molière, also the Nibelungen songs, Dante’s Divine Comedy, and 12 novels of Jule Verne. He was the first to write an appreciative analysis about The Tragedy of Man (Az ember tragédiája) by Imre (Emeric) Madách (1869). He also dealt with esthetic aspects of the theater. His theological studies appeared in 3 volumes. His collected works were published in five volumes, edited by Bishop László (Ladislas) Ravasz (1930). – B: 0881, 0883, 0877, 1068, 1257, 1445, T: 7456, 7103.→Arany, János, Gyulai, Pál; Madách, Imre; Ravasz, László.

Szász, Péter (Budapest, 12 August 1927 - Hamburg, 1 February 1983) – Film director, father of theater and film director János (John) Szász. Having completed his high school, he began his career as associate editor of Freedom (Szabadság), later that of World (Világ). In 1948 he joined the weekly Hungarian Radio (Magyar Rádió). In the following year, he began writing radio plays and soon he became one of the best representatives of that genre. From 1953 he worked in the film industry, and became the drama critic of the film studio Hunnia. As a scenarist, he proved to be one of the richest in ideas, and was an associate of directors and writers. From 1967 he was a stage-manager, offering something new even in his first film Boys from the Plaza (Fiúk a térről). He liked humor, adventure and tragicomic situations. Together with Péter Bacsó and István Nemeskürty, he ran a scenarist course. Together they presented the dramatization of Svejk in 1979. He was also active as a writer and stage manager: he produced John Steinbeck’s play Of Mice and Men in the Theater (Játékszin) in 1979. His feature films include Running Over (Gázolás) (1955); The Ultimate Adventure of Don Juan (1958); Late Season (Utószezon) (1966); The Belles and the Fools (Szépek és bolondok) (1976), and Cement (1981). He received the Béla Balázs Prize in 1977. – B: 0883, 1742, T: 7456.→Szász, János; Bacsó, Péter; Nemeskürty, István.
Szathmáry, Emőke (Erzsébet Jolán) (Ungvár, now Uzhhorod, Carpatho Ukraine, now Ukraine, 25 January, 1944 -) – Anthropologist, educator. In 1951 she emigrated to Canada as a child with her parents. She received her university education at the University of Toronto, and earned a Ph.D. in 1974. She was an assistant professor at Trent University, Oshawa, Ontario (1974-1975), professor at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario (1975), Chairperson of the Department of Anthropology (1985-1988), Dean of the Faculty of Science, University of Western Ontario, London (1989-1994), Provost and Academic Vice President at McMaster University (1995-1996), and President of the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (1996-2008). She is the author of several research papers and the editor of the American Journal of Physical Anthropology and The Yearbook of Physical Anthropology; she is the former President of the Canadian Association of Physical Anthropology. She is a member of several scientific societies, including the International Association for the Study of Human Paleontology, the American Society of Human Genetics, and the Genetics Society of Canada. – B: 0893, T: 4342.
Szathmáry, Lajos (1) (Louis) (Rákospalota, 6 June 1919 - Chicago, 4 October 1996) – Writer, journalist, collector of art works, culinary artist. In 1944 he obtained a Ph.D., in Arts from the University of Budapest; earlier he wrote short stories and poems for the Transylvanian paper, Szekler Word (Székely Szó) of Marosvásárhely (now Targu Mureş, Romania) and the Szekler People (Székely Nép) of Sepsiszentgyörgy (now Sfintu Gheorge, Romania); he became the editor of the latter in 1944. For three years, he reported for the Hungarian Telegraphic Agency (Magyar Távirati Iroda – MTI) from Transylvania. As a war reporter he went to Austria early in 1945. In Salzburg he edited the journal Our Fate (Sorsunk), and the paper The Situation, (A Helyzet). After being POW in German Soviet and Camps After having lived in Austria and other Western European countries he emigrated to the USA in 1951. In the same year in Chicago he founded, owned and operated his restaurant The Bakery for 26 years, which became a famous and successful enterprise. He became a recognized follower of the culinary art, wrote books on this subject and wrote cooking columns in the American press, gave talks on cooking on the radio and on TV, and edited the New York Times book series on culinary art. He dealt in depth with the psychology of eating and the problems of the technology and chemistry of food and nutrition. His literary works, articles and critiques appeared mainly in the Hungarian journals National Guard (Nemzetőr); New Horizon (Új Látóhatár); Rainbow (Szivárvány), and Here-and-There (Itt-Ott). He had a large library on Hungarian and international culinary art, literature and history. He financially assisted émigré literary undertakings. His works include The Chef’s Secret Cook Book (1971); The Bakery Restaurant Cook Book (1981), and Kaleidoscope of Sárospatak (Sárospataki kaleidoszkóp) (1990). He was an avid books and artifacts collector of culinary literature and artifacts. He donated his entire collection to the University of Iowa and Johnson & Wales College, including his 20,000 piece cookery-book collection. He also had one of the largest collections of materials by and related to Ferenc (Franz) Liszt, Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály, which he donated to Boston University. His large collection of Hungariana was donated to the Regenstein Library of the University of Chicago. His Kossuth collection is in the Army History Museum (Military Museum?) (Hadörténeti Múzeum), Budapest. His other items are in the National Széchényi Library (Országos Széchényi Könyvtár), Budapest, and the Hungarian National Museum (Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum), Budapest. He also supported the caused of the Hungarians in Tarnsylvania (Erdély, now in Romania). He invented the "Stouffer's frozen dinner" and also designed a kitchen for military field hospitals that could be dropped by parachute and assembled quickly in combat zones. A Lane in Chicago named after him. – B: 1081, 1031, 1672, T: 7456, 7103.

Download 1.61 Mb.

Share with your friends:
1   ...   30   31   32   33   34   35   36   37   ...   50



The database is protected by copyright ©ininet.org 2024
send message
    Main page
northern part
full text
basic principles
most important parts
last time
communist regime
precise meaning
equestrian statue
jesuit order