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MULTIDIMENSIONALITY IS SUPERIOR TO INTERSECTIONALITY
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- Ivan Illich
MULTIDIMENSIONALITY IS SUPERIOR TO INTERSECTIONALITY1. oppositional structures of race and sex become barriers to coalitions Lennard Hutchinson, Assistant Professor, Southern Methodist University School of Law. B.A., University of Pennsylvania; J.D., Yale Law School, “Symposium Article: Identity Crisis: “Intersectionality,” “Multidimensionality,” and the Development of an Adequate Theory of Subordination.” MICHIGAN JOURNAL OF RACE & LAW, Spring 2001, p. 288-290. The HRC endorsement controversy reflects broader, structural problems in antisubordination theory: the embrace of essentialist politics, the positioning of progressive movements as oppositional and conflicting forces, rather than as potential alliances and coalitions, and the failure to recognize the multidimensional and complex nature of subordination. While essentialism remains a prominent feature of progressive social movements, critical scholars have offered persuasive arguments against traditional, single-issue politics and have proposed reforms in a variety of doctrinal and policy contexts. The feminist of color critiques of feminism and antiracism provided the earliest framework for analyzing oppression in complex terms. Feminists of color and other critical scholars have examined racism and patriarchy as "intersecting" phenomena, rather than as separate and mutually exclusive systems of domination. Their work on the intersectionality of subordination has encouraged some judges and progressive scholars to discard the "separate spheres" analysis of race and gender. The powerful intersectionality model has also inspired many other avenues of critical engagement. Lesbian-feminist theorists, for example, have challenged the patriarchy and heterosexism of law and sexuality and feminist theorists, respectively, and, recently, a growing intellectual movement has emerged that responds to racism within gay and lesbian circles and heterosexism within antiracist activism. These "post-intersectionality" scholars are collectively pushing jurists and progressive theorists to examine forms of subordination as interrelated, rather than conflicting, phenomena.
Lennard Hutchinson, Assistant Professor, Southern Methodist University School of Law. B.A., University of Pennsylvania; J.D., Yale Law School, “Symposium Article: Identity Crisis: “Intersectionality,” “Multidimensionality,” and the Development of an Adequate Theory of Subordination.” MICHIGAN JOURNAL OF RACE & LAW, Spring 2001, p. 309-310. The intersectionality scholarship has inspired helpful analyses in areas outside of the contexts of feminism and antiracism. Lesbian feminists, gays and lesbians of color, and other scholars have utilized the intersectional model in order to counter essentialism in feminism, law and sexuality, critical race theory, and poverty studies. These scholars, like the intersectionality theorists, have also examined the experiences of persons who suffer from intersecting forms of marginalization and have proposed policies to address the reality of complex subordination. Although heavily influenced by intersectional analysis, the "post-intersectionality" theorists have offered several improvements to the intersectionality model. In particular, race-sexuality critics, whose work examines the relationships among racism, patriarchy, class domination, and heterosexism, are currently developing a sizeable body of scholarship that extends intersectionality theory into new substantive and conceptual terrains. In a series of articles, I have examined the relationships among racism, heterosexism, patriarchy, and class oppression utilizing a model I refer to as "multidimensionality." Multidimensionality "recognizes the inherent complexity of systems of oppression ... and the social identity categories around which social power and disempowerment are distributed." Multidimensionality posits that the various forms of identity and oppression are "inextricably and forever intertwined" and that essentialist equality theories "invariably reflect the experiences of class-and race-privileged" individuals. Multidimensionality, therefore, arises out of and is informed by intersectionality theory.
BIOGRAPHYIllich was born in Vienna in 1926. His father, Ivan Peter, was a civil engineer. He enjoyed a comfortable childhood, along with his younger twin brothers, and attended good schools. Illich was a student at the Piaristengymnasium in Vienna from 1936 to 1941, when he was expelled by the occupying Nazis because his mother was of Jewish ancestry. He traveled extensively before studying histology and crystallography at the University of Florence. He then decided to prepare for priesthood, entering the Gregorian University in Rome (1943-1946) to study theology and philosophy. In 195,1 he completed his PhD on the nature of historical knowledge at the University of Salzburg. The understanding he gained during this time period on the institutionalization of the church in the 13th century would later help to inform his critique. After completing his PhD, Illich became a priest in Washington Heights, New York. His congregation was predominantly Irish and Puerto Rican. He became fluent in Spanish and advocated for preserving Puerto Rican culture and against cultural ignorance. From New York, he became the vice-rector of the Catholic University of Puerto Rico in Ponce from 1956 to 1960. He was eventually forced out of the university because of his opposition to the then Bishop of Ponce’s forbidding of Catholics to vote for Governor Luis Munoz Marin, who advocated state-sponsored birth control. Illich then founded the Centre for Intercultural Formation, which would later become the Centre of Intercultural Documentation (CIDOC), to train American missionaries for work in Latin America. The Centre was located in Cuernavaca, Mexico. At the CIDOC, Illich wanted missionaries to question their activities, learn Spanish and appreciate the limitations of their own experiences. After mounting pressure from Pope John XIII, he eventually resigned and left the priesthood in 1969. Illich’s interest in pedagogy and criticisms of educational institutions began in 1956, stemming from conversations with Everett Reimer, the executive secretary of the Committee on Human Resources of the Commonwealth. They worked together to assess Puerto Rico’s needs for trained man-power and designing an educational program to fit these needs. After extensive incubation, Illich first began publishing his works on the negative impacts of schooling in the early 1970’s, the most famous of which, Deschooling Society, was published in 1970. In the 1980’s, his focus ranged from economic scarcity to gender to literacy practices. In the 1990’s, Illich spent his time in Mexico, the United States and Germany as a Visiting Professor at Penn State and the University of Bremen. In the early 1990’s he was diagnosed with cancer and died on December 2, 2002. Directory: uploads uploads -> 587 Return function, r i(X) r i(0) r i(1) r i(2) r i(3) 1 0 2 4 6 Thermal Station, I 2 0 1 5 6 3 0 3 5 6 10 uploads -> Department of science and humanities department of mathematics part-a questions and answers uploads -> The Case Against the nypd’s Quota-Driven ‘Broken Windows’ Policing What Is It? uploads -> For want of a nail uploads -> Ownership Models There are two different types of ownership models uploads -> Police Militarization uploads -> City of rising star regular meting thursday, july 14, 2016 uploads -> Township of winfield uploads -> Stop Militarizing Law Enforcement Act of 2014 uploads -> The Black Panther Party’s Ten-Point Program What We Want Now! Download 5.81 Mb. Share with your friends:
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