Planet Debate 2011 September/October l-d release Animal Rights
AT: “Animal Rights Trade Off With Necessary Biomedical Research”
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- AT: “Animal Rights Trade Off With Necessary Biomedical Research”
AT: “Animal Rights Trade Off With Necessary Biomedical Research”TURN – ARGUMENTS FOR APE RESEARCH ARE THE LOGIC OF THE HOLOCAUST Steven M. Wise, Professor Animal Rights Law at the Harvard Law School, 2000, “Rattling the Cage: Toward Legal Rights for Animals” Questia p. 260The plea that "if it is language research today, it will be cancer tomorrow" distills to "necessity." We must harm these apes if we are to help ourselves. But it is such a thoroughly immoral argument, resting upon "might makes right," that only a "pure" Policy Judge, blind to principle, could ever accept it. Nazi doctors invoked "necessity" to justify immersing Jews, Russians, and convicted criminals in freezing water, forcing them to drink seawater, infecting them with typhus and gangrene, trying to regenerate and transplant their bones, and exposing them to mustard gas in the concentration camps. 67 "Necessity" justified the Japanese 731st Regiment's vivisecting living Chinese, Koreans, Russians, and Mongolians without anesthetics, replacing their blood with horse's blood, infecting them with syphilis, bubonic plague, anthrax, and cholera, immersing them in cold water and throwing them into the winter, exposing them to high doses of X rays, and systematically starving them in vitamin and nutrition research in Harbin, China, during World War II. Yet the two most famous legal "necessity" cases in the English-speaking world denied its power to justify the taking of innocent life. In an American case, sailors who threw passengers from a leaky life raft were convicted of manslaughter, though they had saved other passengers from drowning and all would otherwise have died. In an English case, two drifting sailors were convicted of killing a dying boy, then eating his body when food and water ran out. PLACING SCIENCE ABOVE ETHICS PROVIDED JUSTIFICATION FOR THE HOLOCAUST Christopher Anderegg et al, Medical Research Modernization Committee, Europeans for Medical Progress, 2002, A Critical Look at Animal Experimentation, http://www.mrmcmed.org/critcv.html, In addition to squandering scarce resources and providing misleading results, vivisection poses real risks to humans. The mindset that scientific knowledge justifies (and may require) harming innocent individuals endangers all who are vulnerable. Even after Nazi and Japanese experiments on prisoners horrified the world, American researchers denied African-American men syphilis treatment in order to assess the disease's natural progression,114 injected cancer cells into nursing home patients,114 subjected unwitting patients to dangerous radiation experiments,115 and, despite no chance of success, transplanted nonhuman primate and porcine organs into children, chronically ill, and impoverished people.116 Psychiatrist Robert Jay Lifton argues that this "science at any cost" mentality may have provided medical justification for the Holocaust.117 TURN –BIODIVERSITY A)IMPORTING CHIMPS FOR RESEARCH RISKS EXTINCTION Wendy Thatcher, Veterinarian, visited site on July 24, 2005, Chimpanzees: Test results that Don’t Apply to Humans, http://www.pcrm.org/resch/anexp/chimps.html Some 2,000 chimpanzees are maintained in U.S. laboratories,1 and approximately 100 chimps are born each year to captive mothers.2 There are numerous problems with using chimpanzees as experimental subjects. One concern is their depleted status in the wild. Chimpanzees are considered a threatened species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Though importation of free-living chimpanzees from Africa is currently restricted, some fear that the restrictions will be lifted because of increasing demands by pharmaceutical industries, among others. This could present a serious threat to the survival of this species in the wild. For each captured chimp that reaches his or her overseas destination, it is estimated that ten others die en route.2 AT: “Animal Rights Trade Off With Necessary Biomedical Research”B)CHIMPS ARE A KEYSTONE SPECIES –EXTINCTION WOULD UNDERMINE ENTIRE ECOSYSTEMS Ian Redmond, Wildlife Consultant. “Eating Our Relatives: Ethics, Ecology And Extinction”. Primate Society Of Great Britain. 1998 http://www.psgb.org/Meetings/Spring1998.html Unfortunately, the examples of sustainable use are few and far between when distant commercial markets depend on populations of wild fauna and flora. If the level of hunting is causing a decline in the population, there will be ecological ramifications. Primates are often keystone species in their habitat, and their disappearance can lead to significant changes in the remaining ecosystem. Plants which depend on them for seed dispersal, for example, will decline, as will any animal species which feed or otherwise depend on those species of plant. Thus there are good ecological arguments for limiting hunting for bush-meat - and if the habitat is a sustainable source of other revenues, good economic ones too. Whether for ethical or ecological reasons, however, there is now a consensus among conservation and animal welfare NGOs that the bush-meat trade is out of control. Extinctions will follow if nothing is done to control it. Perhaps today we can agree on how we as primatologists can best respond.
John Tuxill and Chris Bight, research associates at the Worldwatch Institute, 1998, THE STATE OF THE WORLD, p. 41-42 The loss of species touches everyone, for no matter where or how we live, biodiversity is the basis for our existence. Earth's endowment of species provides humanity with food, fiber, and many other products and "natural services" for which there simply is no substitute. Biodiversity underpins our health care systems: some 25 percent of drugs prescribed in the United States include chemical compounds derived from wild organisms, and billions of people worldwide rely on plant- and animal- based traditional medicine for their primary health care. Biodiversity provides a wealth of genes essential for maintaining the vigor of our crops and livestock. TURN - VACCINES FROM HUMAN TISSUE AND CELL CULTURES SAFER AND MORE EFFECTIVE Christopher Anderegg et al, Medical Research Modernization Committee, Europeans for Medical Progress, 2002, A Critical Look at Animal Experimentation, http://www.mrmcmed.org/critcv.html, Regarding vaccines, in 1949 researchers discovered that vaccines made from human tissue cultures were more effective, safer, and less expensive than monkey tissue vaccines, completely avoiding the serious danger of animal virus contamination. Likewise, many animal tests for viral vaccine safety have been replaced by far more sensitive and reliable cell culture techniques. COMPUTERS REPLACING THE NEED FOR ANIMALS IN RESEARCH Christopher Anderegg et al, Medical Research Modernization Committee, Europeans for Medical Progress, 2002, A Critical Look at Animal Experimentation, http://www.mrmcmed.org/critcv.html, Because of computer technology, it is now possible to keep detailed and comprehensive records of drug side-effects.157 A central database with such information, de-rived from post-marketing surveillance, enables rapid identification of dangerous drugs.158 Such a data system would also increase the likelihood that unexpected beneficial side-effects of drugs would be recognized. Indeed, the anti-cancer properties of such medications as prednisone, nitrogen mustard, and act-inomycin D; chlorpromazine's tranquilizing effect; and the mood-elevating effect of MAO-inhibitor and tricyclic antidepressants164 were all discovered through clinical observation of side-effects. Directory: file -> view view -> Western Europe after wwii view -> Author study: paul fleischman view -> Qpa1 7ela study Guide view -> Arctic Oil/Gas Neg view -> November 1970 Approximately 150,000-500,000 deaths Bhola Cyclone Bangladesh view -> Grade Level: 6 Unit of Study: Caribbean glce view -> Citation: Duffield, Katy view -> Table of Contents Lesson # view -> Chinese Wind Energy Disad Download 1.43 Mb. Share with your friends:
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