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- Traffickers often hide drugs among
- That destroys the Amazon Mongabay 08
- That causes extinction – turns soil erosion, climate, atmosphere, water, disease, food, energy, species, and nuclear war Takacs 96
- By the time we find out
- . Humanity will bring upon itself consequences depressingly similar to those expected from a nuclear winter
- Anti-terrorist measures solve trafficking Slosson 10
- 2AC Ext. Balkan Instability Bad Balkan instability spreads Roungas 99
- Balkan instability is dangerous New York Times 01
- The problems they face are very real and very dangerous
- Balkan instability is a security threat to the US Global Security Studies 10
- . This development poses a
- 2AC Ext. Cocaine Bad Cocaine trade causes extinction BBC 02
- 2AC Ext. Human Trafficking Is Slavery Human trafficking should be rejected – it is modern day slavery Goodwin 11
- 1AC Vulnerability/Inherency Contention one is inherency: Lack of port security is a major threat – we have the technology to upgrade and we should
- This is a real terrorist threat, and it has a solution. We can’t afford to wait until a catastrophic attack
Department of Justice 10 National Drug Threat Assessment 2010 http://www.scribd.com/doc/55871115/USDOJ-Drug-Assessment-2010 Commercial maritime vessels, especially maritime containers, remain a viable conveyance for smuggling drugs directly into the United States, but seizure data and law enforcement reporting indicate that this smuggling method continues to account for a relatively small portion of the nation’s illicit drug supply. Traffickers use commercial maritime vessels to smuggle sizable quantities of drugs into the United States, but data suggest that other conveyance methods are preferred by smugglers. Traffickers often hide drugs among legitimate cargo in maritime containers, a fraction of which are inspected. Analysis of commercial maritime seizure data for 2004 through 2009 indicates that cocaine and marijuana are most often smuggled in commercial maritime vessels from Caribbean locations, such as the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Jamaica, into East Coast ports in Florida and New Jersey. Traffickers also use commercial vessels to smuggle cocaine from the Dominican Re-public into Puerto Rico. Smaller amounts of heroin, typically 2 kilograms or less are occasionally smuggled by cruise ship passengers working for Caribbean trafficking organizations into East Coast ports; however, this smuggling technique appears to have declined since 2006. Seizure data indicate that methamphetamine is rarely smuggled into the United States on commercial maritime vessels. That destroys the Amazon Mongabay 08 Mongabay.com is one of the world's most popular environmental science and conservation news sites. Cocaine use is destroying the Amazon mongabay.com May 26, 2008 http://news.mongabay.com/2008/0526-cocaine.html A new campaign has linked cocaine consumption in Europe and the United States to destruction of the Amazon rainforest in Colombia. The "Shared Responsibility" drive, a joint initiative by the British and Colombian governments, features a collection of photographs showing the destruction of rainforest for coca plantations, the raw ingredient used for cocaine production. Cocaine production destroys rainforest In a speech in London marketing the launch of the initiative, Francisco Santos, Colombia's Vice President, said that every gram of cocaine consumed "destroys four square meters of rainforest." The campaign estimates that 2.2 million hectares of forest have been cleared for cocaine production in Colombia. Pollution from production — kerosene, sulfuric acid, acetone, and carbide are used to process the leaves — has fouled waterways while armed groups operating in forests areas have decimated wildlife. That causes extinction – turns soil erosion, climate, atmosphere, water, disease, food, energy, species, and nuclear war Takacs 96, David, 1996 Philosophies of Paradise, The Johns Hopkins Univ. Pr., Baltimore. ISBN 0-8018-5400-8 http://www.dhushara.com/book/diversit/restor/takacs.htm "In every sense, in the sense of communities that will preserve soil, promote local climate, keep the atmosphere, preserve water, and everything else, the first rule of being able to put together communities well or have the world go on functioning well, or to keep climates as they are, or to retard disease, to produce products we want sustainably, because, after all, plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria are the only device we have to capture energy from the sun effectively-in all those senses, and in the sense that we're losing the parts so rapidly, I consider the loss of biological diversity to be the most serious problem that we have-far more serious than global climate change or stratospheric ozone depletion, or anything else." "Habitat destruction and conversion are eliminating species at such a frightening pace that extinction of many contemporary species and the systems they live in and support ... may lead to ecological disaster and severe alteration of the evolutionary process," Terry Erwin writes." And E. 0. Wilson notes: "The question I am asked most frequently about the diversity of life: if enough species are extinguished, will the ecosystem collapse, and will the extinction of most other species follow soon afterward? The only answer anyone can give is: possibly. By the time we find out, however, it might be too late. One planet, one experiment."" So biodiversity keeps the world running. It has value in and for itself, as well as for us. Raven, Erwin, and Wilson oblige us to think about the value of biodiversity for our own lives. The Ehrlichs' rivet-popper trope makes this same point; by eliminating rivets, we play Russian roulette with global ecology and human futures: "It is likely that destruction of the rich complex of species in the Amazon basin could trigger rapid changes in global climate patterns. Agriculture remains heavily dependent on stable climate, and human beings remain heavily dependent on food. By the end of the century the extinction of perhaps a million species in the Amazon basin could have entrained famines in which a billion human beings perished. And if our species is very unlucky, the famines could lead to a thermonuclear war, which could extinguish civilization."" Elsewhere, Ehrlich uses different particulars with no less drama: What then will happen if the current decimation of organic diversity continues? Crop yields will be more difficult to maintain in the face of climatic change, soil erosion, loss of dependable water supplies, decline of pollinators, and ever more serious assaults by pests. Conversion of productive land to wasteland will accelerate; deserts will continue their seemingly inexorable expansion. Air pollution will increase, and local climates will become harsher. Humanity will have to forgo many of the direct economic benefits it might have withdrawn from Earth's well stocked genetic library. It might, for example, miss out on a cure for cancer; but that will make little difference. As ecosystem services falter, mortality from respiratory and epidemic disease, natural disasters, and especially famine will lower life expectancies to the point where cancer (largely a disease of the elderly) will be unimportant. Humanity will bring upon itself consequences depressingly similar to those expected from a nuclear winter. Barring a nuclear conflict, it appears that civilization will disappear some time before the end of the next century not with a bang but a whimper. 14 US key – most profitable DEA 04 U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency Added May, 2004 Drug Trafficking in the United States http://www.policyalmanac.org/crime/archive/drug_trafficking.shtml The illegal drug market in the United States is one of the most profitable in the world. As such, it attracts the most ruthless, sophisticated, and aggressive drug traffickers. Drug law enforcement agencies face an enormous challenge in protecting the country's borders. Each year, according to the U.S. Customs Service, 60 million people enter the United States on more than 675,000 commercial and private flights. Another 6 million come by sea and 370 million by land. In addition, 116 million vehicles cross the land borders with Canada and Mexico. More than 90,000 merchant and passenger ships dock at U.S. ports. These ships carry more than 9 million shipping containers and 400 million tons of cargo. Another 157,000 smaller vessels visit our many coastal towns. Amid this voluminous trade, drug traffickers conceal cocaine, heroin, marijuana, MDMA, and methamphetamine shipments for distribution in U.S. neighborhoods. Anti-terrorist measures solve trafficking Slosson 10 Mary is an Annenberg Fellow at the USC Annenberg Graduate School for Journalism. She also works as Executive Producer for Neon Tommy, the Annenberg Digital News website. Mary previously reported on international diplomacy, global health, and the environment at the United Nations. Fighting Illegal Trade in Humans, Guns, Drugs Helps Curb Terrorist Threats Posted on October 18, 2010 by Mary Slosson http://ascportfolios.org/laflash/?p=1219 “The methods that are used to smuggle narcotics and people are the same methods that a terrorist would use to smuggle in either arms or people or terrorists into our country, thereby making the whole port – and the whole nation – vulnerable,” said Farrell. Therefore, “if we seek to secure the entire supply chain, then necessarily we lessen the number of humans who are being illegally brought into the country or trafficked into the country. We reduce the amount of narcotics that are coming into the country.” “If we’re stopping the human trafficking and smuggling, and the corruption of ports, then one of the benefits of that is that necessarily you’ll be reducing the terrorist risk in your ports,” Farrell said. While the threat of terrorism demands the lion’s share of attention in the post-9/11 world, human trafficking and the smuggling of goods across international borders are happening “at a much higher rate,” according to Farrell. 2AC Ext. Balkan Instability Bad Balkan instability spreads Roungas 99 THE ROLE OF GREECE IN THE BALKANS DURING THE NEXT TWENTY YEARS BY Colonel George Roungas Hellenic Army DISTRIBUTION STATEMEM A; Apprwed for Public Release. Distribution ls Unlimited. USAWC CLASS OF 1999 http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a364539.pdf The Balkan's future, to a large extent, is uncertain. It isn't clear which of the two tendencies will prevail in the end. For the time being, the spreading of ethnic intolerance has been restricted only to Kosovo territories. On the other hand, there is a great danger, that Balkan instability could spread fast with the extension of the political collapse and the fighting’s in areas where, up to now, there has been no war. KOSOVO < Balkan instability is dangerous New York Times 01 Balkan Instability Could Create a Terrorist Haven By Misha Glenny Published: October 16, 2001 Misha Glenny is author of ''The Balkans: Nationalism, War and the Great Powers, 1804-1999.'' BRIGHTON, England— For 10 years, the Balkans have presented Europe and America with one of their greatest foreign policy challenges. The aftermath of four violent conflicts has consumed billions of taxpayers' dollars in aid. In March 1999, the Balkans triggered the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's first war, almost 50 years to the day after the alliance was founded. And bitter disputes over Balkan policy occasionally threatened the foundations of America's relations with Europe and, indeed, harmony within Europe. That is quite a record for a single decade. After Sept. 11, however, nobody can afford the luxury of a fractious Balkans. The United States and Europe feel compelled to divert political, military and financial resources away from the region and into their struggle against terrorism. The Balkan countries have a simple choice. All aspire to membership in the European Union, but unless they cooperate among themselves to stabilize the region, they will be moving in the opposite direction. Just wishing for concord among the Balkan nations will not make it happen. The problems they face are very real and very dangerous. The former Yugoslavia is a jumble of chronically weak states and quasi-protectorates run by the international community's ill-disciplined army of acronyms -- SFOR, KFOR and the rest. The greatest beneficiaries of this disorganization are criminal mafias, that have constructed huge networks based on the trade in illegal immigrants, prostitutes, weapons, drugs and, above all, cigarettes. These mafias do not recognize national boundaries. The Serbian underworld cooperates as happily with Albanian gangsters as it does with Bosnian or Croat tough guys. So influential has this web of crime become that the Sicilian mafia has retreated from its operations in central and northern Italy, which are now dominated by Balkan gangs. The NATO secretary general, Lord Robertson, hit the nail on the head earlier this week when he said that the Balkans must not become another ''black hole'' of terrorism like Afghanistan. Balkan instability is a security threat to the US Global Security Studies 10 Global Security Studies, Fall 2010, Volume l, Issue 3 Instability and Desperation: The Balkan Link to Terrorism Sheila Rom Peace, War and Defense Program University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC 27514 http://globalsecuritystudies.com/Rom%20Balkans.pdf Non-state actors such as corrupt NGOs, terrorist groups and organized criminal networks pose the greatest security concern for the Western world for several crucial reasons. These groups are composed of a list of frequently changing, disposable individuals and are actively engaged in efforts to develop new areas for recruitment, transit and recovery. (Blair 2010) Areas that are non-traditional hot beds can quickly develop a terrorist problem. Regions prone to developing terrorists generally share several common factors, most importantly strife and poverty (Woehrel, 2005). One such region with a lengthy history of conflict and poor economic development is the Balkan Peninsula in Eastern Europe 2 . The prolonged instability in the Balkans has created a unique culture of desperation, which has enabled the rise of systemic corruption (pervasive organized crime) and left the region susceptible to terrorist activity and influence. This development poses a potentially major security threat to the Western World, especially, the United States (Kolhmann, 2004). 3 Continued international attention is needed in this area to prevent this region from transforming from a minor terrorist threat to major operating or breeding ground. 2AC Ext. Cocaine Bad Cocaine trade causes extinction BBC 02 By Tim Hirsch BBC environment correspondent Thursday, 31 October, 2002, 23:51 GMT Cocaine industry 'killing rainforest http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/2384303.stm Cocaine-users across the world are helping to destroy the Amazon rainforest, Colombian Environment Minister Cecilia Rodriguez has warned. Speaking in London, she appealed to the international community to help fund a scheme to pay poor farmers to protect trees instead of cutting them down to grow drug crops. The comments were made at a conference looking at the threats to the Amazon and the impact of deforestation on the world's climate. The problems of logging and cattle ranching are well known - much less widely recognised is the influence of the cocaine trade. Eighty per cent of the world's supply of the drug comes from Colombia, and Dr Rodriguez said 70% of this was now grown in the Amazon region. The area of former forest under cultivation has quadrupled in the last decade - coca farmers have to keep cutting down more trees as the soil is starved of nutrients within two years. 'Dramatic damage' Dr Rodriguez said the message to the world's drug users was clear: "I should call the attention of all consumers of cocaine that they're are harming dramatically the tropical rainforest of the world, because this is what the world needs for its oxygen." 2AC Ext. Human Trafficking Is Slavery Human trafficking should be rejected – it is modern day slavery Goodwin 11 Human Trafficking: Slavery is Alive in the South http://blogcritics.org/culture/article/human-trafficking-slavery-is-alive-in/ Unfortunately I recently discovered something about my state that made me sick. Oklahoma is one of the highest “trade routes” for human trafficking. Human trafficking is modern-day slavery. It is forcing someone to work for you against their will, including jobs such as prostitution. Human trafficking isn’t a completely new concept to me. I had seen specials on TV about the issue, but they always focused on less developed countries. My heart broke when I first learned that in some countries most orphans would be forced into prostitution. It broke more to see five-year-olds offering to perform sex acts for the undercover reporters. Unfortunately the broken pieces of my heart were shattered even more when I found out human trafficking was so prevalent in the U.S. I kept asking myself how a civilized country could allow this to happen. We fought a war to end slavery, yet it is very much alive inside our borders. Because this problem has only recently begun being investigated, it is impossible to say exactly how much human trafficking takes place in Oklahoma, but we do know that nearly every county has at least one human trafficking case being investigated. We also know five of the top 10 cities for child sex trafficking are easily accessible through the major interstates going through Oklahoma. There are several truck stops and cheap motels at the I-35/I-44 junction in Oklahoma City, where human trafficking can be seen much of the day. The first time I saw it I assumed it was just prostitution…just prostitution…okay, I guess that shouldn’t be a “just,” but forced prostitution seems so much worse than voluntarily selling your body. I often stop in this area when I travel to see my family, but this was the first time I saw a prostitute walking through a parking lot. She was not trying to hide her intentions, but no one would give her any attention; of course the middle of the day doesn’t seem like the smartest time to solicit illegal services. After a few minutes of walking through the parking lots nearby she walked up to a semi driver she seemed to know, got in the cab of the truck looking quite disappointed, and they drove off. I asked my husband if he assumed the truck driver was her pimp, thinking it odd that he would be in a semi, and he agreed. Later that night I couldn’t get it off of my mind, so I googled prostitution in Oklahoma City to see what I could find out. After sifting through many sites directing me where I didn’t want to go, I came across an article in a local newspaper talking about the new epidemic of our state, human trafficking. I remembered human trafficking as the horrible crime that happened in third-world countries, but this article said it was happening here, in the middle of the Bible belt. I changed my search to human trafficking in Oklahoma and pulled up more information than I wanted to know. I learned that most of the human trafficking victims in the U.S. are actually U.S. citizens. I learned that human trafficking cases have been prosecuted in every state, and that most convicted traffickers receive less than 20 years in prison! There isn’t much I can personally do to stop human trafficking. I can raise awareness about it, and I can join abolitionist groups such as Oklahomans Against the Trafficking of Humans (OATH) or the Home Foundation, but it just doesn’t seem like enough. About 1/3 of the human trafficking instances involve child sex trafficking. This includes the child pornography industry. I am sick of it. I want to protect our children. I want to protect our adults. Child molestation has been high-profile lately as an assistant coach of a large university’s historic football team has been accused of molesting and raping young boys. This is sick. I am glad the media jumped on this case, but why don’t they cover cases involving human trafficking? Why does it have to be a high-profile perpetrator to be considered newsworthy? Maybe if the news would gave these children and adults in bondage faces, it would stop. At least Americans could know there is an evil to be fought! Maybe it’s time a politician issues another emancipation proclamation, and not just to win votes. It’s time for someone to stand up and say we will not tolerate slavery within our borders. It’s time we spend as much energy fighting human traffickers, these modern slave traders, as we spend fighting foreign dictators. Slavery has always existed, but I’m not willing to believe that it always has to exist. It will take something large to stop it. The media has to be involved, but maybe it doesn’t have to start with television. Maybe this could be a battle of the writers. Maybe if enough of us will write about it and get it out there, other forms of media will pick it up. Wouldn’t it be nice to know the writers began the war on human trafficking? 1AC Vulnerability/Inherency Contention one is inherency: Lack of port security is a major threat – we have the technology to upgrade and we should Washington Post 7/15/12 Port security: U.S. fails to meet deadline for scanning of cargo containers By Douglas Frantz, Published: July 15 http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/port-security-us-fails-to-meet-deadline-for-scanning-of-cargo-containers/2012/07/15/gJQAmgW8mW_print.html The Obama administration has failed to meet a legal deadline for scanning all shipping containers for radioactive material before they reach the United States, a requirement aimed at strengthening maritime security and preventing terrorists from smuggling a nuclear device into any of the nation’s 300 sea and river ports. The Department of Homeland Security was given until this month to ensure that 100 percent of inbound shipping containers are screened at foreign ports. But the department’s secretary, Janet Napolitano, informed Congress in May that she was extending a two-year blanket exemption to foreign ports because the screening is proving too costly and cumbersome. She said it would cost $16 billion to implement scanning measures at the nearly 700 ports worldwide that ship to the United States. Instead, the DHS relies on intelligence-gathering and analysis to identify “high-risk” containers, which are checked before being loaded onto ships. Under this system, fewer than half a percent of the roughly 10 million containers arriving at U.S. ports last year were scanned before departure. The DHS says that those checks turned up narcotics and other contraband but that there have been no public reports of smuggled nuclear material. In response to the 9/11 Commission, Congress passed a law in 2007 specifying that no cargo container may enter the United States before being scanned with imaging equipment and a radiation-detection device. The administration’s failure to meet the deadline has left some members of Congress and outside experts concerned about whether the threat is being taken seriously enough. “I personally do not believe they intend to comply with the law,” Rep. Edward J. Markey (D-Mass.), co-author of the 2007 law, said in an interview. “This is a real terrorist threat, and it has a solution. We can’t afford to wait until a catastrophic attack.” The DHS says monitors scan 99 percent of the containers for radiation after they arrive at U.S. ports. But experts say the monitors at U.S. ports are not sophisticated enough to detect nuclear devices or highly enriched uranium, which emit low levels of radiation. The Government Accountability Office has warned that a nuclear device could be detonated while at a port — containers often sit for days awaiting radiation checks — causing billions of dollars in damage in addition to the loss of life. Estimates of damage caused by a nuclear detonation at a major port range from tens of billions of dollars to $1 trillion. Shipping containers are potentially ideal for smuggling weapons, people and other illicit cargo; ensuring the integrity of the contents is difficult and costly. The standard container is 40 feet long and 8 feet high and holds more than 30 tons of cargo. A large vessel carries 3,000 or more containers from hundreds of different shippers and many ports. And a single container can hold cargo from many customers. Counterterrorism experts have worried about port vulnerability since the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks. Khalid Sheik Mohammed, the self-described mastermind of the attacks, reportedly told interrogators he had considered sending explosives to the United States hidden inside a shipment of personal computers from Japan. Graham Allison, a Harvard University political scientist and author of a best-selling book on nuclear terrorism, said that a nuclear device is more likely to arrive in a shipping container than on a missile. But he acknowledged that preventing such an attack is expensive and that there is no guarantee prevention measures will work. “The game between hiders and seekers is dynamic, and there is no 100 percent solution,” Allison said in an e-mail interview. “The cost-benefit trade-off is the toughest issue.” Markey and some counterterrorism experts say that the costs of checking every U.S.-bound container could be substantially lower than the DHS estimate and that the necessary measures could be easier to implement than the agency has suggested. Research by scholars at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School indicate that 100 percent of containers could be screened much more inexpensively with existing methods. A number of companies also are developing cheaper new screening technology. Peter Boogaard, a DHS spokesman, said the department is committed to using a variety of measures, including screening, scanning and working with foreign authorities, to ensure that all goods are secure. Pilot programs established to scan all containers were abandoned in 2009 after the agency said costs were too high and the effort led to cargo delays and logistical problems. The current screening system relies heavily on the Customs and Border Protection agency and focuses on a small percentage of goods identified as high-risk through intelligence and analytical software. The program operates at 58 overseas ports that account for 80 percent of the cargo shipped to the United States. “Our layered and risk-based approach provides that, at a minimum, 100 percent of high risk containers are examined through a number of measures, including screening, scanning, physical inspection, or resolution by foreign authorities,” Napolitano told Congress in her May 2 letter invoking the two-year exemption. Kevin McAleenan, a senior CBP official, told Congress this year that the program led to inspections of 45,500 suspect containers overseas in 2011 — roughly two containers a day at each of the 58 ports in the program. Stephen Flynn, a terrorism expert at Northeastern University and a former Coast Guard commander who has studied container security, said, “The current system is woefully inadequate for stopping any determined adversary who wants to get a weapon of mass destruction into the United States.” Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. Objective files -> Pop Warner History files -> North Carolina Inclusion Initiative Mapping Where Children with ieps are Being Served Purpose files -> Fall 2013 Spring 2014 Program Data: Standard 1 Exhibit 4d files -> Hanban – asia society confucius classrooms network 2010 request for proposal files -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations Download 147.54 Kb. Share with your friends:
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