Abstract: Representatives of phycobiliprotein-contg. algae such as Anabaena cylindrica, Anacystis nidulans, Gloeotrichia echinulata (Cyanophyceae), Chroomonas, Hemiselmis rufescens, Rhodomonas (Cryptophaceae), Porphyridium cruentum, Rhodella violacea (Rhodophyceae) along with the unicellular Cyanidium caldarium (unspecified systematic status) were investigated for their typical photoassimilatory accumulation products. Whereas the red algal species synthesized a rather specific heteroside, 2-O-D-glycerol-a-D-galactopyranoside (= floridoside), not encountered in the other species analyzed, blue-green algae accumulated fructose, glucose, and sucrose, while the cryptomonads accumulated only glucose and to a lesser extent, fructose. Cyanidium Synthesized neither disaccharides, nor a heteroside, but showed rapid 14C-labeling of fructose and glucose. These results are compared with further biochem. and structural findings and are discussed with emphasis on chemotaxonomic implications. C. caldarium Is proposed as an endocyanome consisting of a single endocyanella providing the functions of a chromatophore in a colorless (apoplastidal algal) host cell. [on SciFinder (R)]
Notes: CAN 92:107555
11-6
Plant Biochemistry
Bot. Inst.,Univ. Koeln,Cologne,Fed. Rep. Ger.
Journal
0341-0382
written in English.
50-99-7; 56-40-6; 56-45-1; 56-84-8; 56-86-0; 57-48-7; 57-50-1; 534-68-9 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (phycobiliprotein-contg. algae photosynthate)
Reference Type: Journal Article
Record Number: 246
Author: Jennett, J. C.; Hassett, J. M.; Smith, J. E.
Year: 1979
Title: Control of heavy metals in the environment using algae
Journal: Manage. Control Heavy Met. Environ., Int. Conf.
Pages: 210-17
Accession Number: AN 1980:105169
Keywords: Water pollution (by heavy metals, algae control by); Algae; Chlamydomonas; Chlorella pyrenoidosa; Chlorotylium; Gleotrichia; Navicula pelliculosa; Nostoc; Oscillatoria; Scenedesmus obliquus; Schizothrix calcicola; Spirogyra; Ulothrix fimbrinata; Zygnema (heavy metals removal by, water pollution in relation to); Metals Role: BIOL (Biological study) (heavy, water pollution by, algae control by removal of)
heavy metal water pollution algae
Abstract: In an algal meander system, utilizing the diatom (Navicula pelliculosa), green planktonic algae (Chlamydomonas sp., Chlorella pyrenoidosa, and Scenedesmus obliquus), green benthic algae (Chlorotyllium sp., Spirogrya sp., Ulothrix fimbrinata, and Zygnema sp.), and blue-green algae (Gleotrichia sp., Oscillatoria sp., Schizothrix calcicola, and Nostoc sp.) to remove heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Hg, and Zn) from polluted waters in Missouri, USA, was described. The technique permitted the simultaneous study of several factors (including metal type, algae type and age, exposure time, and pH) affecting heavy metal accumulation and provided a sufficient no. of replicates for anal. The kinetics of heavy metal accumulation by algae indicated that it was a rapid phenomenon, and 24 h expts. indicated that absorption was essentially complete at the end of 3 h. The success of the algal meander system removing heavy metals from surface waters may be explained in part by the concn. of the elements on the surface of algal cells. [on SciFinder (R)]
Notes: CAN 92:105169
4-1
Toxicology
Syracuse Univ.,Syracuse,NY,USA.
Conference
written in English.
7439-92-1; 7439-97-6; 7440-43-9; 7440-66-6 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (water pollution by, algae control in removal of)
Reference Type: Journal Article
Record Number: 247
Author: Fitzgerald, George P.; Jackson, Daniel F.
Year: 1979
Title: Comparative algicide evaluations using laboratory and field algae
Journal: Journal of Aquatic Plant Management
Volume: 17
Pages: 66-71
Accession Number: AN 1979:535421
Keywords: Spirogyra; Zygnema (algicides detoxification by); Chlorella pyrenoidosa; Coccochloris; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Microcystis aeruginosa; Oscillatoria rubescens; Phormidium inundatum (control of); Algicides (for swimming pool and pond algae)
algicide swimming pool pond; copper algicide
Abstract: Algimycin-400 (I) [71396-62-8] or Algimycin-400 E [71396-63-9] at 1 mg/L, or the Cu triethanolamine chelates Swimfree [71396-86-6] and swimetrine [71396-85-5], at 3 and 6 mg/L, resp., totally inhibited the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in the lab., but were less active against Phormidium inumdatum. I, Swimfree, and Swimtrine (2-6 mg/L) prevented the growth of Coccochloris and diatoms. I was the most active against mustard algae. Algicidal activity against C. pyrenoidosa and P. inundatum was shown by I and Algimycin 400 E only. The Cu-contg. algicides CuSO4, Algimycin PL5-C [56509-19-4], Mariner A [71396-77-5], and Cutrine plus [66555-33-7] were extremely active against the planktonic blue-green algae Oscillatoria rubescens, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Gloeotrichia echinulata. Algimycin PLL-C and Swimfree were detoxified by by Spinogyra and Algimycin-GLBX [71396-64-0] and Algimycin-GLBY [71396-65-1] by Zygnema. [on SciFinder (R)]
Notes: CAN 91:135421
5-3
Agrochemicals
Drinking Water Qual. Res. Cent.,Florida International Univ.,Miami,FL,USA.
Journal
0146-6623
written in English.
18939-61-2; 56509-19-4; 66555-33-7; 71396-62-8; 71396-63-9; 71396-77-5; 71396-78-6; 71396-85-5; 71396-86-6 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (algicide, for swimming pool and pond algae); 71396-64-0; 71396-65-1 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (detoxification of, by Zygnema)
Reference Type: Journal Article
Record Number: 93
Author: Wallace, Robert L.
Year: 1978
Title: Substrate Selection by Larvae of the Sessile Rotifer Ptygura Beauchampi
Journal: Ecology
Volume: 59
Issue: 2
Pages: 221-227
Date: Mar.
Keywords: Allelochemic;, allomone;, carnivorous plants;, commensal;, glandular trichome;, habitat selection;, kairomone;, prey-lure;, rotifer;, substrate selection;, symbiosis;, Utricularia.
Abstract: Larvae of the sessile rotifer Ptygura beauchampi begin substrate selection activities when they chemotactually sense a stimulus associated with the glandular trichomes which cover their preferred substrate, the trap door region of the largest, prey capturing organs of the carnivorous aquatic plant, Utricularia vulgaris. Four other co-occurring congeneric species (U. gibba, U. inflata minor, U. intermedia, and U. purpurea) and 2 smaller, morphologically distinct, trap types of U. vulgaris were not colonized. All of these Utricularia traps (except U. purpurea) have glandular trichomes which are nearly indistinguishable from one another. The stimulus appears to be chemical in nature, arising from the terminal head cells of trichomes as they develop. The chemical stimulus (an allelochemic agent) may be the utricularian prey-lure first proposed by Cohn in 1875. This symbiotic relationship should be termed commensal because rotifers colonize, but do not feed on the plant or its prey, and because the plant is apparently not affected by the colonization.
Notes: FLA
00129658
Duke University Press
EN
Copyright 1978 The Ecological Society of America
URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9658%28197803%2959%3A2%3C221%3ASSBLOT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-A
Reference Type: Journal Article
Record Number: 25
Author: Tiwari, D. N.
Year: 1978
Title: The Heterocysts of the Blue-Green Alga Nostochopsis lobatus: Effects of Cultural Conditions
Journal: New Phytologist
Volume: 81
Issue: 3
Pages: 653-656
Date: Nov.
Abstract: The branched filaments of Nostochopsis lobatus form infrequent intercalary heterocysts in the main trichome while the short lateral branches (1-4 celled) characteristically produce only a terminal heterocyst when the alga is grown in a medium devoid of combined nitrogen. In the presence of ammonium nitrogen, intercalary heterocysts are not formed but the lateral heterocysts enlarge to assume a balloon-like appearance; they undergo division in situ and liberate 3-5-called germlings. These germlings grow and produce similar heterocysts and the cycle is repeated until growth ceases. Heterocysts are produced at the terminal ends of the long lateral branches during the later stages of growth in ammonium medium; they are not formed, in this position, in cultures grown in nitrogen-free medium. The possible role of lateral heterocysts in controlling growth and development of long laterals is discussed.
Notes: FLA
0028646x
Blackwell Science Publications
Copyright 1978 New Phytologist Trust
URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0028-646X%28197811%2981%3A3%3C653%3ATHOTBA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-R
Reference Type: Journal Article
Record Number: 248
Author: Saralov, A. I.; Daukshta, A. S.
Year: 1978
Title: Fixation of molecular nitrogen in Latvian lakes
Journal: Gidrobiol. Zh./Hydrobiol. J.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Pages: 7-13
Original Publication: Fiksatsiya molekulyarnogo azota v ozerakh Latvijskoj SSR
Keywords: nitrogen fixation; lakes; USSR, Latvia
Freshwater
Abstract: Measurements of NSUB-2 fixation rate in pelagic water and silts of 9 trophically different Latvian lakes using the acetylene reduction technique shows that in the water of all the 9 lakes this process takes place mainly under the influence of blue-green algae (Anabaena, Aphanizomenon and Gloeotrichia ) while in the silts a fundamental role is played by the bacterial microflora of the 10-20 cm surface layer, mainly the anaerobic bacteria of the genus Clostridium . Their activity is greatly dependent on temperature and the composition of organic matter in silts.
Notes: Russian
Journal Article
Reference Type: Journal Article
Record Number: 249
Author: Ransom, R. E.; Nerad, T. A.; * Meier, P. G.
Year: 1978
Title: Acute toxicity of some bluegreen algae to the protozoan Paramecium caudatum
Journal: J. Phycol.
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Pages: 114-116
Keywords: toxicity; poisons (biological); Cyanophyta
Paramecium caudatum; Fischerella epiphytica; Gloeotrichia echinulata;
Nostoc linckia; Anabaena flos-aquae
Freshwater
Q1 01226 Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics
Abstract: Four species of bluegreen algae were tested for possible effect on the protozoan P.caudatum Ehrenberg. Toxicity was demonstrated using lyophilized cells of Fischerella epiphytica Ghose and Gloeotrichia echinulata (Smith) Richter. Nostoc linckia (Roth) Bornet and Thuret failed to show any effects when lyophilized but became toxic when sonified. Anabaena flos-aquae (Lyngb.) Breb. was nontoxic in all tests. G.echinulata was lethal at 0 . 1 mg . ml SUP--1 which is comparable to the toxic concentration of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (L.) Ralfs reported for microcrustaceans.
Notes: English
Journal Article
Reference Type: Journal Article
Record Number: 95
Author: Rai, A. K.; Pandey, K. D.; Kashyap, A. K.
Year: 1978
Title: Heterocyst Differentiation and Polarity in Calothrix
Journal: New Phytologist
Volume: 81
Issue: 3
Pages: 647-651
Date: Nov.
Abstract: When grown in a nitrogen-free medium Calothrix brevissima West has a basal heterocyst followed by a filament of cells of decreasing size. In a nitrate medium, the alga does not form heterocysts but partial polarity, i.e. tapering of the filaments, remains. In contrast, polarity as well as heterocyst differentiation, is lost on growth in an ammonium medium and the frequent formation of false branches is observed. Following exhaustion of ammonia from the medium, differentiation of heterocysts, each with two distinct polar nodules, begins at semi-regular intervals along the filaments. Polarity is regained following breakage of the filament adjacent to a heterocyst. The ways in which nutrient limitation and heterocyst differentiation patterns can lead to three different types of false branching in the same alga are discussed.
Notes: FLA
0028646x
Blackwell Science Publications
Copyright 1978 New Phytologist Trust
URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0028-646X%28197811%2981%3A3%3C647%3AHDAPIC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Q
Reference Type: Journal Article
Record Number: 251
Author: Pattnaik, U.; Singh, P. K.
Year: 1978
Title: Effect of nitrate nitrogen on the growth, heterocyst differentiation and nitrogen fixation in rice field blue-green alga Gloeotrichia sp
Journal: Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie, Supplement
Volume: 51
Issue: 3
Pages: 318-27
Accession Number: AN 1978:593736
Keywords: Nitrogen fixation (by Gloeotrichia, nitrate effect on); Gloeotrichia (growth and heterocyst formation in, nitrate effect on)
Gloeotrichia heterocyst differentiation nitrogen fixation; nitrate Gloeotrichia nitrogen fixation heterocyst
Abstract: A species of the blue-green alga Gloeotrichia was cultured from a water-logged rice field, in N-free and NO3--contg. media. In the N-free medium, the alga grew well, fixed N, and formed 2.3% heterocysts in the filaments. The addn. of Ca(NO3)2 of ?300 mg/mL to the medium did not affect growth or N-fixation adversely, and N-fixation was greater with an increase in the incubation period of ?25 days. There was a gradual decrease in the heterocyst frequency with increasing concns. of Ca(NO3)2, with complete suppression of heterocyst differentiation at a concn. of 1000 mg/mL. With higher concns. of NO3-, the filaments were elongated due to the low extent of differentiation or absence of heterocysts, and the cells were granulated. [on SciFinder (R)]
Notes: CAN 89:193736
10-13
Microbial Biochemistry
Lab. Blue-Green Algae,Cent. Rice Res. Inst.,Cuttack,India.
Journal
0365-284X
written in English.
14797-55-8 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (Gloeotrichia growth and heterocyst formation in response to)
Reference Type: Journal Article
Record Number: 250
Author: Pattnaik, U.; Singh, Ph D.
Year: 1978
Title: Effect of some amino acids on growth and heterocysts of blue-green alga Gloeotrichia sp
Journal: Arch. Hydrobiol. (Suppl.)
Volume: 51
Issue: 4
Pages: 428-433
Keywords: growth; phytoplankton culture; amino acids; Gloeotrichia
population density; nitrogen
Freshwater
Q1 01226 Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics; Q1 01585 Plant culture
Abstract: Gloeotrichia was cultured from water-logged rice fields and the effect of amino acids (tryptophan, glutamic acid, histidine and proline) was studied on the growth and heterocyst differentiation in medium free from combined nitrogen. The addition of 10 to 20 g.mlSUP--1 of amino acids encouraged growth as evidenced by increase in optical densities after various incubation times whereas the concentrations of 80-100 g.mlSUP--1 caused its gradual reduction. The heterocyst frequency varied from 1.3 to 2.9 in control cultures as well as in the presence of amino acids. There was no significant effect on the heterocyst frequency. Low concentrations of organic nitrogen encouraged the growth of alga without altering heterocyst frequency significantly.
Notes: English
Journal Article
Reference Type: Journal Article
Record Number: 252
Author: Khare, C. J.
Year: 1978
Title: Periodicity, density and productivity of phytoplankton of shallow water at Gandhi Sagar
Journal: Sci. Cult.
Volume: 44
Issue: 9
Pages: 416-417
Keywords: phytoplankton; community composition; population density; India, Gandhi
Sagar
surface water; reservoirs; India; Gandhi Sagar; primary production;
seasonal variations
Q1 01461 Plankton
Abstract: Samples were taken from the surface waters throughout 1976 and analysed for the presence of phytoplankton. The chief constituents were Cocleosphaerium, Microcystis, Anabaena, Nostoc, Gloeotheca, Gleotrichia and Lyngbya from the cyanophyceae and Hydrodictyon, Spirogyra, Pediastrum, Cosmarium, Volvox, Closterium, Eudorina and Scenedesmus from the chlorophyceae. Phytoplankton density varied from 13,500/l water in March to 40,500/l water in Aug and organic production was minimum in April and maximum in Dec.
Notes: English
Journal Article
Reference Type: Journal Article
Record Number: 94
Author: Johnstone, I. M.
Year: 1978
Title: Phenotypic Plasticity in Draparnaldia (Chaetophoraceae). II. The Physical Environment and Conclusions
Journal: American Journal of Botany
Volume: 65
Issue: 6
Pages: 608-614
Date: Jul.
Abstract: Eight isolates of Draparnaldia from a variety of freshwater habitats were grown in unialgal, defined culture The morphological responses of these isolates to different daylengths, light intensities and temperatures are described The phenotypic expression of Draparnaldia is markedly modified by all three factors The interaction of these environmental variables was highly significant, and it is not possible, in most cases, to describe or predict the morphological appearance of Draparnaldia by referring to one of these parameters in isolation. The adaptive significance of phenotypic plasticity in Draparnaldia is discussed
Notes: FLA
00029122
American Botanical Society
Copyright 1978 Botanical Society of America
URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-9122%28197807%2965%3A6%3C608%3APPID%28I%3E2.0.CO%3B2-O
Reference Type: Journal Article
Record Number: 253
Author: Finke, L. R.; *Seeley, H. W., Jr.
Year: 1978
Title: Nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) by epiphytes of freshwater macrophytes
Journal: Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
Volume: 36
Issue: 1
Pages: 129-138
Keywords: nitrogen fixation; epiphytes; Myriphyllum spicatum
cyanobacteria; Gloeotrichia; Rhodopseudomonas; freshwater; ponds;
Cyanophyta
Freshwater
Q1 01482 Ecosystems and energetics
Abstract: The involvement of epiphytic microorganisms in nitrogen fixation was investigated in a shallow freshwater pond near Ithaca, New York. The acetylene reduction technique was used to follow diel and seasonal cycles of nitrogen fixation by epiphytes of Myriophyllum spicatum. Acetylene-reducing activity was maximal between 1200 and 1800 h, but substantial levels of activity relative to daytime rates continued through the night. Experiments with the seasonal course of activity showed a gradual decline during the autumn months and no activity in Jan or Feb. Activity commenced in May, with an abrupt increase to levels between 0 . 45 and 0 . 95 nmol ethylene formed/mg (dry wt) plant/h. Through most of the summer months, mean rates of acetylene reduction remained between 0 . 15 and 0 . 60 nmol/mg (dry wt)/h. It was calculated from diel and seasonal cycles that, in the pond areas studied, epiphytes were capable of adding from 7 . 5 to 12 . 5 mu g of N/mg plant/yr to the pond. This amount is significant relative to the total amount of nitrogen incorporated into the plant. Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria), particularly Gloeotrichia, appeared to bear prime responsibility for nitrogen fixation, but photosynthetic bacteria of the genus Rhodopseudomonas were isolated from M. spicatum and shown to support high rates of acetylene reduction.
Notes: English
Journal Article
Reference Type: Report
Record Number: 254
Author: Coon, J. C.
Year: 1978
Title: Lake and reservoir investigations. 14c: Limnological characteristics of Henrys Lake
Institution: Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Boise (USA)
Type: Report
Keywords: limnological data; survival; Salmonid; USA, Idaho, Henrys L.
plankton
Freshwater
Q1 01567 Fishery oceanography and limnology
Abstract: From mid-summer of 1976 through winter of 1976-77, periodic water samples were collected from stations on Henrys Lake to determine water temperatures, dissolved oxygen content and approximate plankton abundance. During the open water period, the lake did not stratify. Temperature extremes were well within trout tolerance levels and dissolved oxygen content was always near saturation. Under the ice cover (which became as thick as 0 6 m) the dissolved oxygen content remained adequate for trout survival with near saturation levels immediately beneath the ice and an abrupt decrease near the bottom. Daphnia and Diaptomus were the most abundant zooplankters in Henrys Lake. Very heavy blooms of the blue-green algae Gloeotrichia and Aphanizomenon occurred in July and September, respectively. With near capacity water storage and light winter snowfall, Henrys Lake could support a more numerous population of large trout without unduly increasing the possibility of severe winter kill.
Notes: Publ. by : IDFG; Boise, ID (USA)., Feb 1978., 8 p., Job Performance Rep. Ida. Dep. Fish Game
English
Reference Type: Journal Article
Record Number: 34
Author: Brugam, Richard B.
Year: 1978
Title: Human Disturbance and the Historical Development of Linsley Pond
Journal: Ecology
Volume: 59
Issue: 1
Pages: 19-36
Date: Jan.
Keywords: Connecticut, diatoms, eutrophication, paleolimnology, sediment chemistry, zooplankton
Abstract: Paleolimnological techniques were used at Linsley Pond, North Branford, Connecticut, USA to compare changes in the biota with changes in watershed land use as documented by municipal land records. Fossil diatoms, midges, zooplankton, and chemical composition were examined in a core 238 cm long, which was dated by ^(210)Pb, ^(14)C, and changes in fossil pollen assemblages. The beginning of farming in 1700 caused only minor changes in the lake biota. In 1915 changes in agricultural activity at a nearby farm caused a rapid shift to eutrophic diatom and midge assemblages. In 1960 major changes occurred in the zooplankton community in response to the hypereutrophication caused by the construction of a suburban housing development. Fluxes of Fe, Mn, Ca, Cu, and P to the lake sediment seem to be controlled by changes in soil erosion--not by changes in the trophic status of the lake.
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