Semantics I acknowledgements
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- 4. 9. 1 The Negative Operator Not
| 4. 9 Logical operator As a mater of fact, the negative which was given in (4.2) can be put into its logical term, namely, logical operator. Logical operator is semantic elements such as ; the, not, if, or, some, all, etc. Due to the limited knowledge of the writer about this logical operators, he, on this occasion, is just analyzing some of them. They are logical operators not, some and all. 4. 9. 1 The Negative Operator Not For any positive proposition X, a corresponding negative proposition (not : (x) can be formed. In negative proposition, not constitutes a one-place predicate (the term one-place predicate will be discussed later in Predication analysis) governing (X. in this scope, one- place predicate means that there is only one negative proposition occurs in the positive proposition. Actually, the rules of negative operator is not treated here are the clarification of what have been discussed in (4.2). the difference lies on the writer’s additions to the analysis, which based on Leech’s examples. SEMANTICS Page a. (Xis inconsistent with (not : (X) These scissors are sharp is inconsistent with These scissors are not sharp. b. if (Xis tautology, (not : (Xis a contradiction Apples are fruits is tautology Apples are not fruits is a contradiction. c. if (Xis a contradiction, (not : (Xis tautology Apples are animals is a contradiction. Apples are not animals is a tautology. We have said there is not a double not in a positive proposition, or the negation of positive proposition cannot be two. If for example, the following negative proposition (contain in two negations) John did not open the door, can be accepted (in the sense that it is grammatical, the rule such d. (not : (Xis synonymous with (X, will agree. But if we deal with Leech’s expression : “ And if we want to make its meaning clear we have to use intonation (Leech 1981 : 172). He was concerning herewith ambiguous sentence. Nevertheless, we can apply this to the negative proposition above, in away that we put the voice fall on not SEMANTICS Page the first) in a low pitch, and to the second we make the voice rise/stressed a little. So it becomes John did not open the door. So that it is possible to use more than one negation for the sake of emphasis, like the following John did not, not, not, not,…………………………………… open the door. Rosenbaum said that we can produce along, longer sentence as we want, but we can slip upon the uneffective meaning. Similarly with our notes above. Download 332.89 Kb. Share with your friends:
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