Sps supplement Rough Draft-endi2011 Alpharetta 2011 / Boyce, Doshi, Hermansen, Ma, Pirani
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- AT: GEO Orbit
- AT: Talent
Warming – Biosphere Loss ImpactMinor biosphere loss causes extinction Danovaro 8 [Professor Roberto Danovaro, Scitizen.Com, February 12, 2008. “Deep-Sea Biodiversity Conservation Needed to Avoid Ecosystem Collapse”. http://scitizen.com/stories/Biodiversity/2008/02/Deep-Sea-Biodiversity-Conservation-Needed-to-Avoid-Ecosystem-Collapse/] The exploration of the abysses of our planet is one of the last frontiers of ecological research. The dark portion of the biosphere likely hosts millions of undiscovered-yet new species. A global scale study conducted on biodiversity collected down to 8000 m depth reveals for the first time that small invertebrates (including worms and crustacea) play a key role in sustaining the overall functioning of these ecosystems. This study concludes that even a minor loss of biodiversity can cause a major impact on the functioning of the global biosphere. In the future, we should start protecting not only large ?flag species?, but also the almost invisible and sometime monstrous creatures that inhabit the abyss and the ocean interior. Hard to believe, but so far we dedicated more efforts on the exploration of the Moon or on searching the life on Mars than on exploring the deep interior of our oceans. The total amount of seafloor recovered from depths higher than 4 km (which is the average depth of the oceans) is equivalent to less than the surface of a football pitch. Till few decades ago, we believed that deep-sea habitats were the equivalent of the terrestrial deserts, devoid of life. But recently we accumulated evidence that the dark side of the biosphere is plenty of life and characterized by an enormous number of species. Despite the deep-sea ecosystems are apparently far from us and difficult to reach and investigate there is an increasing evidence that they are susceptible to the direct and indirect impact of human activities. At the same time they help sustaining human life by providing essential goods and services (including food, biomass, bioactive molecules, oil, gas, minerals) and contribute to climate regulation, nutrient regeneration and supply to the upper ocean. The oxygen produced in the upper ocean, for instance, is about half of the total oxygen produced on Earth and largely depends on the availability of the nutrients regenerated in the deep-sea floor. Therefore, for their profound involvement in global biogeochemical and ecological processes deep seas are essential for the air, water and food we consume and consequently crucial for the sustainable functioning of our biosphere and for human wellbeing. AT: GEO OrbitGEO orbit necessary – anything else fails Geoffrey A. Landis, NASA Glenn Research Center 09 Presented at the XXIth Space Photovoltaic Research and Technology Conference (SPRAT-2009), “SOLAR POWER FROM SPACE: SEPARATING SPECULATION FROM REALITY” October 6-8, 2009 http://www.mitenergyclub.org/assets/2010/2/13/Landis_SPS-SPRAT09.pdf Herm Only GEO orbit puts satellite over ground station with 100% usage fraction, and hence any lower orbit will have an immediate disadvantage that it will be out of direct beaming line of sight of the ground station for much of the time. In addition to the non-stationary nature of lower orbits, another difficulty of low orbit is that these orbits will have to be non-equatorial if we want to get power to northern hemisphere users. Thus, low-orbit view factors are 9 low; for example, for an orbital altitude of 1000 km, the time in view above ten degrees of elevation is only 12.6 minutes, twice a day. This results in a total use fraction of 25.2 minutes out of 24 hours, which is too low a usage fraction to be economically feasible. One possible solution would be to make multiple ground stations for the power, receiving power at whatever location is in sight of the ground station, and likewise multiple power satellites, so that a satellite is available over each customer at any time. However, to make this work for low orbits would require a large number of ground stations dotted uniformly around the world, including in many locations where there are few customers for the power, such as the Pacific Ocean. The cost of such a system is several orders of magnitude higher than the baseline, since the number of satellites is much higher. It is difficult to make this economic case. AT: TalentSPS solves lack of talent- develops technological base Nansen, 95 - led the Boeing team of engineers in the Satellite Power System Concept Development and Evaluation Program for the Department of Energy and NASA, and President Solar Space Industries (Ralph, Sun Power, http://www.nss.org/settlement/ssp/sunpower/sunpower09.html, MA) Some of the very reasons for not developing the solar power satellite concept are also the best reasons to develop it. First of all, if we were to commit to its development it would give us national purpose. We would no longer be wondering what to do the next time we run short of oil or a megalomaniac threatens to take control of a major oil-producing nation. We would be concentrating on a single common goal—not a generalized wish for energy independence, but a specific solution. It would be a greater task than going to the moon in the 1960s, but it would focus the nation’s talents, its energies, and its imagination in much the same way as did that lofty accomplishment. It would challenge our young people to take their place in history building a future for themselves and their children. They would become known as a generation of visionaries who stood at the crossroads of history and chose the pathway of growth rather than stagnation. It would utilize the talents of scientists, engineers, and companies who have been working on military hardware, which is no longer a number one priority with the ending of the cold war. It would develop a new high-level technological base, which is so important to a highly developed nation like the United States in order to maintain our competitive place in the world economy. It would create a massive number of jobs that would bring growth to our economy. Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. Objective files -> Pop Warner History files -> North Carolina Inclusion Initiative Mapping Where Children with ieps are Being Served Purpose files -> Fall 2013 Spring 2014 Program Data: Standard 1 Exhibit 4d files -> Hanban – asia society confucius classrooms network 2010 request for proposal files -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations Download 0.84 Mb. Share with your friends:
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