Tampa Prep 2009-2010 Impact Defense File
Alt cause – natural causes are more of a threat to the ozone
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- Ext 1 – Ozone Holes Shrinking
- AT: Pakistani Economy
- AT: Pakistan Gives Nukes to Terrorists
3. Alt cause – natural causes are more of a threat to the ozoneS. Fred Singer, Professor University of Virginia, 1994, A critique of the UN Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, http://www.sepp.org/ozone/ozassm.html A fair evaluation of the recent theory and of stratospheric observations leads to the conclusion that chlorine from CFCs is not the principal factor leading to ozone destruction below 25 km, where most of the ozone is located. Water, in the form of vapor or ice particles, and sulfates in the form of aerosols may play a more important role. Such a finding could have powerful significance for policy and strongly argues for at least delaying the ban on CFC production. Ext #1 – Ozone Holes ShrinkingOzone hole already shrinking THE INDEPENDENT SPECTATOR, September 18, 2002, p. http://news.independent.co.uk/world/ environment/story.jsp?story=334375. (DRGOC/B176) The hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica is about to start shrinking and will close by 2050, Australian researchers say. Government scientists at Cap Grim in Tasmania said scientific data showed the level of ozone-depleting chlorine in the atmosphere was declining because of the ban on the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in fridges and air conditioners, agreed under the Montreal Protocol in 1987. AT: Pakistani EconomyPakistani economy resilient – multiple warrants Javed Hafiz (Pakistan’s former ambassador to the Sultanate of Oman) 2008: The civil society has developed into a formidable force. http://www.omantribune.com/index.php?page=columnist_details&column_id=183 Despite global financial crisis, war on terror and security situation within Pakistan, Pakistani economy has shown resilience. When negative factors like load shedding and high interest rates are also factored in, this resilience stands out, all the more. The good news is that this year, due to good harvest, Pakistan may not have to import wheat. In the 1950s, with a fraction of this population, Pakistan had to import wheat. Camel carts transporting the US-granted wheat, out of Karachi port, carried placards “Thank You America”. Pakistanis, I remember, had felt insulted. Some months ago, the Harvard Law School honoured Chief Justice Iftikhar Choudhry with its Medal for Freedom. This is the third time the coveted medal has been given since the inception of the Law School. Another individual to get it was iconic South African leader Nelson Mandela. On a different plane, a 19-year-old Pakistani student Ali Moeen Nawazish has made us proud by scoring 21 A’s in the A Level examination. His achievement has gone into the Guinness Book of Records. The civil society in Pakistan has developed into a formidable force. Hundreds of NGOs are active in the protection of human rights, women’s issues, education, health and environment. Roedad Khan, IA Rehman, Asma Jahangir and Tahira Abdullah are not only household names in Pakistan but are also acknowledged and respected abroad. Pakistan’s media today is as free as it could be. Private channels have mushroomed and they hold all kinds of discussions unencumbered by censorship of the past. The dynamics of freedom of expression has even changed the content and style of the government -controlled media. They also allow a degree of openness, to ensure credibility. When the government put some pressure on the GEO TV during the long march, Information Minister Sherry Rehman resigned in protest. Pakistani road network has vastly improved over the years. In 1972, it took me nine hours to reach Peshawar from Lahore by car. Thanks to the motorway, now the same journey is possible in six hours. Pakistani police is often perceived as discourteous and corrupt. This is not true of the Motorway Police and even the Islamabad Traffic Police. On the motorway, you can always count on the police for help. When it comes to traffic violations, the police does not even spare ministers. Payment of fine on the motorway and in Islamabad is transparent, documented and foolproof. Motorway and Capital Territory Police are cleaner and more efficient. The reason is merit, better salaries and training. This proves that given a merit-based system and proper training, the entire bureaucracy and governance in Pakistan can be radically improved. Pakistan now has a sizeable middle class. This is the engine that drives the country. Technical experts and PhDs are getting six digit salaries. It is true that the public sector performance has declined, particularly in health and education sectors. However, good private sector institutions have come up to fill the vacuum. Country-wide chains like the Beaconhouse School System and hospitals of international repute such as Shifa International and Shaukat Khanum teach and heal with high standards. Pakistan has high telephone density. The number of mobile connections is double that of fixed lines. Telephone calls have become affordable which in turn has helped all segments of society. Pakistan has varied topography, from high mountain peaks to vast fertile plains and a long coastline. Most regions have four clear seasons and grow tropical and sub-tropical fruits. Variety of climate and temperatures add to the variety of flora and fauna. An average Pakistani is achievement-oriented. Given the right environment and incentives, he or she can achieve high standards. Nawa Killey, a village near Peshawar, has produced squash champions Azam Khan, Hashim Khan, Jahangir Khan and Jansher Khan. Pashtun and Baloch segments of Pakistani society have a lot of untapped sporting talent. There are hundreds of Younas Khans and Shahid Afridis waiting to be discovered. AT: Pakistan Gives Nukes to TerroristsThe Pakistan army won’t allow the transfer of nuclear weapons to the Taliban Simon, and Stevenson, 9 * adjunct Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, AND **Professor of Strategic Studies at the US Naval War College, (Steven and Jonathan, “Afghanistan: How Much is Enough?” Survival, 51:5, 47 – 67, October 2009 http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/section?content=a915362559&fulltext=7132409) The United States' next logical move would be to intensify pressure, raising civilian casualties, increasing political pressure on the Kabul and Islamabad regimes, and ultimately weakening them, which would only help al-Qaeda and the Taliban. In fact, some evidence of this dynamic has already materialised, as the Pakistani government has faced difficulties in dealing with hundreds of thousands of Pakistanis displaced by the military campaign, undertaken at Washington's behest, in the Swat Valley. Certainly worries about Islamabad's ability to handle the Taliban on its own are justi fied. Some Taliban members are no doubt keen on regime change in favour of jihadists, as noted by Bruce Riedel, who headed up the Obama administration's 60-day policy review.29 But Pakistan's military capabilities should not be given short shrift. The Pakistani army, however preoccupied by India, is seasoned and capable, and able to respond decisively to the Taliban should its activities reach a critical level of destabilisation. Inter-Services Intelligence, devious though it may be, would be loath to allow the transfer of nuclear weapons to the Taliban. Directory: files -> documents documents -> North Mankato Taylor Library documents -> In the Red and Brown Water documents -> - documents -> I. Disaster Summary Sheet II. 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