Figure 3: Society Goals and How They Affect Emerging Markets for Copper (3)
Sector Implications of Energy Goals- Copper Using Elements to Reach Goals
Figure 4: Society Goals and How They Affect Emerging Markets for Copper (4)
Copper Using Elements to Reach Goals – Identified Market Opportunities
wealth growth in emerging Asia and elsewhere is fast creating a new middle class, with the disposable income to realise its aspirations like never before.
In both rich and poor countries, the proportion of the population that is ageing is growing quickly, as people live longer and the birth rate is slowing. This has two implications. Firstly, survival and comfort objectives converge on the requirement for care for the elderly, in their homes or elsewhere. Secondly, the trend is reducing the size of the working population in relation to the total population, creating a growing need for automation of industrial processes.
While these issues are important, the really big issue for society overall, and for electrical use of copper in particular, is the emerging energy economy. The key elements of this are the need for clean, sustainable and secure energy sources. This points in particular to distributed electricity generation using renewable and non-polluting energy sources. A very large proportion of new demand for copper comes directly from this.
Additionally, alternative fuels and systems are sought where at present hydrocarbons are burned directly, again based on the need for clean, sustainable and secure energy sourcing. The shift towards electric drive trains in road vehicles is the prime example. It should be remembered, however, that these vehicles are no cleaner and their source of power no more sustainable or secure than the electricity that powers them.
On the other side of the equation, as well as improving energy sourcing, we are seeing a focus on energy saving. Where this means ingraining energy efficient behaviour in our daily lives, the net result is not necessarily good for copper. Reducing the number of journeys taken by home-working, smart logistics and other means, for example, has a negative effect, as does demand side management of electricity use. On the positive side, we are seeing more stringent regulation of energy consumption, in particular motors and motor driven systems. This offers a huge potential for copper in efficient motors, and in energy management systems driven by electronics.
Exactly how the new energy economy, and other need and aspiration driven factors impact on the material world in part depends on the technology that is available to realise society aims. New markets are almost always characterised by competing technologies, and it is not easy to determine which will be the winners or how fast will be their implementation. As alternative solutions have different copper contents, it is important for the copper industry to be involved so, in a small way at least, it is able to direct material use towards the high copper options.
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