The ministry of economic development of the republic of azerbaijan rehabilitation and closure of unauthorized dump sites in the greater baku area environmental

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Table 4.1. Characterization of landfills and unauthorised dump sites closure projects’ impact as the function of weak points

During the next process, the recommendations were prepared for the project activities regarding the closure of unauthorised dump sides in the Greater Baku area based on the discussions held between the representatives of “Tamiz Shahar” OJSC and HPC-PASECO Ltd Company, Advisor for “Designing of the rehabilitation and/or closure of facilities designed for making the wastes in the Greater Baku area including the Balakhany landfill harmless”. When preparing the recommendations, besides the environmental issues the economic criteria (expenditure) that is one of the main factors for the project sustainability were also taken into account.

4.3. THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

In this section are given:

a. the results of assessment of the current condition of UDS impact on the environment and

b. impact of the planned project activities on the environment

4.3.1. Assessment of unauthorised dump sites impact on the environment
4.3.1.1. Introduction

Destruction of solid waste in the open landfills is a general primitive procedure and at the first sight is considered to be a profitable economic alternative. But this procedure requires very high ecological expenses regarding safe waste management.

The population living close to the project site and neighbouring area is exposed to heavy social and health risks. The following is included in the environmental problems of general character related to the open dump sites:

Impact Regarding the Air Contamination: atmosphere contamination as a result of waste decay and waste incineration (CH₄, CO, CO₂, NO_x, SO₂, as a result of stink, other gases including dioxine emissions). Emission of toxic gases as some industrial wastes are also observed to be disposed to these site.

Social Impacts and Impacts on Health: spread of infection circulators from the sanitary point of view (parasites, breathing and contacts of waste with skin increase a risk of transmissible diseases, gas and aerozol emissions can cause serious health problems). These impacts can increase due to the availability of pathogene and dangerous microbes. When moving (in the transport) deterioration of existing roads and transports also create negative impacts. The availability of places where a poor strata of population lives and which are mainly not far from the waste sites (unofficial workers live in inadequate places and are engaged in collecting selected waste, child labour is also used here, the working condition is very bad and the income is nor enough to cover the necessary requirements). Also, high risks are available regarding nutrition and sanitary. All these problems are also directly connected with poverty and unemployment.

Impact on Water Quality. Generation and dispersion of effluents from water masses. Contamination of surface and ground water.

Impact on Ground: Contamination of ground due to disposal and incineration of waste not in properly managed way.
Impact on Landscape: Spreading of waste in large areas affect the landscape of those areas.

Impact on Flora and Fauna: Improper management of waste, its disposal in the areas has a negative impact on the surrounding areas, natural residential environment, natural water basins and ground water zones thus affecting fauna and flora.

4.3.1.2. Results of assessment of UDP impact on the environment

First of all, 99 important dump sites were examined by ACEP Company in the Greater Baku area. PIU was regularly informed about the results of the field researches. Researches were carried out in close coordination with the Ecological Department of “Tamiz Shahar” OJSC.
As the initial research results, a catalogue of dump sites and an electronic map of dump sites dislocation were prepared. The initial information was discussed with the representatives of HSE Company.
During the project implementation period, “Tamiz Shahar” OJSC cleaned 32 dump sites. For this reason, further assessment activities covered only 67 unauthorised dump sites.

District	Number of dumpsite	Quantity of sites
Binagadi	5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 46, 47, 48, 58, 61, 63,	12
Khazar	19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 55, 56, 57, 60, 62, 67, 71	13
Khatai	17, 18, 73	3
Garadag	1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 32, 33	7
Narimanov	29, 30, 31	3
Nesimi	-	0
Nizami	--	0
Sabunchu	27, 28, 40, 41, 42, 49, 50, 51, 52, 59, 65, 66, 69, 72, 75, 76, 77, 78	18
Sabail	64	1
Surakhany	13, 14, 16, 53	4
Yasamal	34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39	6
Total:		67

Landfill types identified according to the types of the placed waste are mentioned below:

26 areas contain solid waste mainly

22 areas contain domestic waste

12 areas contain industrial or other special waste

5 areas contain domestic and industrial waste

In 2 areas waste composition was not identified because they were covered

During the next process, the risk assessment work at dump sites was carried out jointly with the representatives of HSE Company that had prepared the Feasibility Study Report for closing unauthorised dump sites.

From the point of view of the risks created by dump sites for the human health and environment their dividing into categories and ranging for the rehabilitation were done after the treatment of the survey results. The risk assessment was analysed for the dump sites covering an area more than 200 m².
The risk assessment was carried out with the participation of ACEP Company representatives based on criteria shown below for each site:

Specific criteria for each dump site (distance to the nearest water supply source, the depth of waste filling, distance to the critic natural environment as swamp and protected forest, distance to surface water places, distance to the nearest village during the windy whether, public sympathy, etc.)
Criteria for waste characteristics at dump sites
Approximate calculation of time for the rehabilitation (time required for covering or disposal),
Environmental impact of dump sites

The results of reports^⁶ prepared for each dump site by HPC-PASECO Ltd Company with the participation of ACEP specialists regarding UDS risk assessment are given in Annex 3.

The final results of risk assessment prepared taking into account the closure criteria for each dump site by HPC-PASECO Ltd Company are given in Table 4.2
Table 4.2. Risk ranking of unauthorized dump sites

No.	Name of dumpsite	Settlements which use the dumpsite	1) Groundwater Risk Ranking:	2) Surface Water Risk Ranking for Small Landfills:	3) Gas Risk Ranking:	4) Surface Contact Risk Ranking:	Overall characterisation
	Lokbatan ravine	East Lokbatan settlements	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Medium Risk
	Southeast Lokbatan settlements	Lokbatan	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Low Risk	High Risk	High Risk
	Lokbatan 1 km towards the north eastern direction	Illegal gathering of waste from the wider area of Lokbatan village	Low Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk	High Risk	High Risk
	Khodjasan, former Hokmali way	Binagadi village	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk
	Outskirts of Khodjasan	Khodjasan village	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Medium Risk
	Khodjasan, at the Northest part of the elongated Khodjasan lake, at the side of City Bypass Road	Binagadi and Absheron Settlements	Low Risk	High Risk	Medium Risk	Medium Risk	High Risk
	North part of Chikh beach, nearby Shahin ridge quarries	Lokbatan, Sabayil	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk
	Lokbatan, Bina Shopping Center	Shopping centers around the dumpsite	Medium Risk	High Risk	Medium Risk	High Risk	High Risk
	Binagadi, east of highway, north west of Boyuk Gol lake, behind Zangezur restaurant	Binagadi	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Low Risk	High Risk	High Risk
	Binagadi inside NQCI area	Binagadi village and settlements	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk
	Binagadi, near temporary storage, at the side of the car road	Binagadi settlements	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Medium Risk
	Zigh north west open area	Various settlements - open dumpsite area open to everybody	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk
	Surakhani, Zighl landfield	It was used by Surakhani and Qaracuxur	Low Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk
	Zigh lake, north west	Zigh settlements	Low Risk	High Risk	High Risk	Medium Risk	High Risk
	Guneshli Khatai region	Guneshli settlements	Low Risk	Medium Risk	High Risk	Low Risk	High Risk
	Pirallachi island seaside	Pirallachi settlements	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk
	Pirallachi island living area	Pirallachi settlements	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk
	Pirallahi south east	Pirallahi settlements	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	High Risk	High Risk
	Shuvalan	Shuvalan, Mardakan and Surakhani settlements	Low Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk
	Buzovna	Buzovna settlement and seaside residences.	High Risk	High Risk	Medium Risk	High Risk	High Risk
	Buzovna station west 2	NQCI area , solid and oily liquid waste from the oil company	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk
	Raman lake south east	NQCI area , solid and oily liquid waste from the oil company and domestic waste from new residential area	Medium Risk	High Risk	Medium Risk	Medium Risk	High Risk
	Raman lake west	NQCI area , solid and oily liquid waste from the oil company and domestic waste from new residential area	Medium Risk	High Risk	Medium Risk	Medium Risk	High Risk
	South of Boyuk Shor lake coast	Entities which use the dumpsite: quarries, farms, auto repair shops and dangerous waste from different enterprises of the city.	Low Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk
	South coast of Boyuk Shor lake	Entities which use the dumpsite: quarries, farms, auto repair shops and dangerous waste from different enterprises of the city.	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk
	Ziya Bunyadov avenue south coast of Boyuk Shor lake	Entities which use the dumpsite: quarries, farms, auto repair shops and dangerous waste from different enterprises of the city	Medium Risk	High Risk	High Risk	High Risk	High Risk
	Qobustan (Garadagh region)	Qobustan village and settlements	Low Risk	High Risk	Medium Risk	Medium Risk	High Risk
	Primorsk beach	New beach settlement (Yeni Sahil)	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk
	Asad Ahmado, Yasamal	At a backyard excavation of refuge building block of flats	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Medium Risk
	Bunyadzade street, Yasamal	Building and construction waste and debris	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk
	Kamal Rahimov, Umid Akbarov, cross streets – Yasamal	Nearby residential houses	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Medium Risk
	Yasamal, Gangli Gol lake 1	More than forty settlements all around the city of Yasamal.	Medium Risk	High Risk	High Risk	High Risk	High Risk
	Yasamal, Gangli Gol lake 2	More than forty settlements all around the city of Yasamal.	Medium Risk	High Risk	High Risk	High Risk	High Risk
	Qanli Gol Lake, east coast	Residential buildings next to the dumpsite	Low Risk	High Risk	High Risk	High Risk	High Risk
	Mehdiabad. On the way to Pirshaga village	Mehdiabad settlements	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	High Risk	High Risk
	Kurdaxani	Kurdaxani village	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Medium Risk
	Mashtaga	Mashtaga village and settlements	High Risk	Medium Risk	Low Risk	High Risk	High Risk
	Biladjari, west coast of Boyuk Shor lake 1	Biladjari	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Low Risk	High Risk	High Risk
	Bilagardi, west coast of Boyuk Shor lake	Bilagardi	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Low Risk	High Risk	High Risk
	Biladjari, west coast of Boyuk Shor lake (3)	Biladjari	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Medium Risk	High Risk	High Risk
	Zabrat 1, north coast of oil water fields lake	Zabrat	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk
	Zabrat 1, near the cemetery	Zabrat	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk
	Zabrat to Balakhani	Zabrat	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Medium Risk
	Yeni Balakhani	Balakhani	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Medium Risk	High Risk	High Risk
	Bulbul lake, north coast	Razin	Low Risk	High Risk	High Risk	High Risk	High Risk
	Buzovna settlement	Buzovna	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	High Risk	High Risk
	Mardakan beach	Khazar	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Medium Risk	High Risk	High Risk
	Qala - Turkan along the road	Khazar village	Low Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk	High Risk	High Risk
	Lokbatan ravine	East Lokbatan settlements	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk
	Lokbatan ravine	East Lokbatan settlements	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk
	Lokbatan ravine	East Lokbatan settlements	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk
	International Bus Station	Alatava 2, Binagadi settlements and refugee settlement inside the site	Low Risk	High Risk	Low Risk	High Risk	High Risk
	Taiyev drilling and oil company NQCI area	Bozovna Settlement	Medium Risk	High Risk	Medium Risk	Medium Risk	High Risk
	Zali lake	Binagadi settlements and 10 refugee inside the dumpsite	High Risk	Medium Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk	High Risk
	Badamdar forest site	Badamdar settlement and Sabayil municipality	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Low Risk	High Risk	High Risk
	Zabrat 2 test stone excavations	Zabrat	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk
	Sabunchu, Chursudbanou Navatan street	Sabunchu	Medium Risk	High Risk	Medium Risk	High Risk	High Risk
	Buzovna settlement	Buzovna	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk
	NQCI oilfield area, Binagadi	Binagadi	High Risk	High Risk	High Risk	High Risk	High Risk
	Muchtarov area with refugee houses	Muchtarov and Ramana	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Medium Risk	High Risk	High Risk
	Ilgar Mezidov street No 231 behind the school, Gurgan settlement	Gurgan	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk
	Rufulla Axundov street 35, Zabrat 1raillway crossing	Zabrat 1	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Medium Risk
	Ilgar Musayev street, developed along the fence of a cemetery opposite banquets’ Layla House	Chatai	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Medium Risk
	Mastaga oil area	Mastaga settlements	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Medium Risk
	Balakhani oil dumpsite	Balakhani	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Medium Risk
	New Balakhani oil area	Balakhani	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Medium Risk
67.	Mastaga	Mastaga	Low Risk	Low Risk	Low Risk	Medium Risk	Medium Risk

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