The United States federal government should pursue a defensive space control strategy that emphasizes satellite hardening, replacement, redundancy and situational awareness

They Say “China has Peaceful Intentions”

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• [ ] Chinese declarations of peaceful intent are false – ASAT tests prove
• [ ] Chinese space program is not peaceful – Chinese declarations do not match their capabilities Maogoto 2006, Senior Lecturer in International Law, University of Newcastle

They Say “China has Peaceful Intentions” [ ] Chinese ASAT developments threaten US military power – it shows Chinese benevolence is false, and promises asymmetric warfare to invade Taiwan Kahn 2007 - Deputy Foreign Editor of the New York Times [Joseph, China Shows Assertiveness in Weapons Test, New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/20/world/asia/20china.html?pagewanted=1, Accessed June 22, 2011] BEIJING, Jan. 19 — China’s apparent success in destroying one of its own orbiting satellites with a ballistic missile signals that its rising military intends to contest American supremacy in space, a realm many here consider increasingly crucial to national security. The test of an antisatellite weapon last week, which Beijing declined to confirm or deny Friday despite widespread news coverage and diplomatic inquiries, was perceived by East Asia experts as China’s most provocative military action since it testfired missiles off the coast of Taiwan more than a decade ago. Unlike in the Taiwan exercise, the message this time was directed mainly at the United States, the sole superpower in space. With lengthy white papers, energetic diplomacy and generous aid policies, Chinese officials have taken pains in recent years to present their country as a new kind of global power that, unlike the United States, has only good will toward other nations. But some analysts say the test shows that the reality is more complex. China has surging national wealth, legitimate security concerns and an opaque military bureaucracy that may belie the government’s promise of a “peaceful rise.” “This is the other face of China, the hard power side that they usually keep well hidden,” said Chong-Pin Lin, an expert on China’s military in Taiwan. “They talk more about peace and diplomacy, but the push to develop lethal, high-tech capabilities has not slowed down at all.” Japan, South Korea and Australia are among the countries in the region that pressed China to explain the test, which if real would make it the third power, after the United States and the Soviet Union, to shoot down an object in space. China’s Foreign and Defense Ministries declined to comment on reports of the test, which were based on United States intelligence data. Liu Jianchao, the Foreign Ministry spokesman, would say only that China opposed using weapons in space. “China will not participate in any kind of arms race in outer space,” he told Reuters. China’s silence on the test underscores how much its rapidly modernizing military — perhaps especially the Second Artillery forces, in charge of its ballistic missile program — remains isolated and secretive, answering only to President Hu Jintao, who heads the military as well as the ruling Communist Party. Having a weapon that can disable or destroy satellites is considered a component of China’s unofficial doctrine of asymmetrical warfare. China’s army strategists have written that the military intends to use relatively inexpensive but highly disruptive technologies to impede the better-equipped and better-trained American forces in the event of an armed conflict — over Taiwan, for example. The Pentagon makes extensive use of satellites for military communications, intelligence and missile guidance, and some Chinese experts have argued that damaging its space-based satellite infrastructure could hobble American forces. [ ] Chinese declarations of peaceful intent are false – ASAT tests prove Hitchens 2007 – Director of World Security Institute’s Center for Defense Information [Thersea, U.S.-Sino Relations in Space: From “War of Words” to Cold War in Space?, cs5_chapter2.pdf, Accessed June 21, 2011] Considering the international outcry that one would hope Chinese officials anticipated, what could have been such a strong motivator that Beijing would be willing to go forward with the provocative test and “face the heat?” Certainly, the testing of a destructive ASAT weapon is, on its face, a complete repudiation of China’s decades-long public diplomacy on space, which has touted China’s space program as aimed primarily at national development and has stressed Beijing’s commitment to promoting the peaceful uses of space, cooperation with other space-faring nations and opposition to space weaponization. China’s 2006 White Paper on space, “China’s Space Activities in 2006,” states: “China is unflinching in taking the road of peaceful development, and always maintains that outer space is the common wealth of mankind.”7 On its face, the test is completely contradictory to China’s declaratory policy and raises questions about Beijing’s sincerity. If nothing else, China’s leadership must have known that what “soft power” in-roads it has gained by espousing such a policy – such as cooperative civil and commercial ventures with a number of nations ranging from the United Kingdom to Nigeria – could be put at risk by such a blunt demonstration of “hard power” in space. [ ] Chinese space program is not peaceful – Chinese declarations do not match their capabilities Maogoto 2006, Senior Lecturer in International Law, University of Newcastle [Paper 1347. The Military Ascent into Space: From Playground to Battleground: The New Uncertain Game in the Heavens. Jackson N. Maogoto. University of Newcastlle. Bepress legal series http://law.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6239&context=expresso Accessed 6/23/2011.] China’s position as a space power was cemented with the successful launch of its first manned spaceflight into the earth’s orbit on February 15, 2003. China became only the third nation to achieve the feat. In tandem with this, it has undertaken an active role in sharpening its war fighting space skills, from creating anti-satellite weaponry, building new classes of heavy-lift and small boosters, as well as improving an array of military space systems. It is no secret that China has long harbored long-term plans to launch its own space station, and possibly a reusable space plane as well. While one of the strongest immediate motivations for this program appears to be political prestige, China’s manned space efforts are almost certainly geared to contribute to improved military space systems. Publicly, China “declares that space should not be militarized and that space technologies should be used for peaceful purposes.” This stance mirrors the sentiments of the other major space-faring states. Similar to the United States and the former Soviet Union, the Chinese rhetoric is clearly at odds with the military considerations driving its space program. The Chinese space program’s mid-term objectives include creating an integrated military earth observation system, building satellite broadcasting and telecommunications system and fielding a constellation of space-based reconnaissance systems with real-time intelligence capabilities. Keen to bolster its electronic “eyes and ears”: In the booster department, China is proceeding with building a new modular family of heavy-lift launchers. Additionally, a new small, solid-propellant space lifter is being developed. A family of these smaller boosters would provide China the ability to hurl small satellites into orbit. This class of booster would give China a rapid launch capability, “and has broad military, civil, and commercial applications.” China has been busy procuring state-of-the-art technology to improve its intercept, direction finding, and jamming capabilities. China is also on a path toward developing directascent A.S.A.T. system. A Pentagon report in 1998 warned that “given China’s current level of interest in laser technology, it is reasonable to assume that Beijing would develop a weapon that could destroy satellites in the future.” This was no idle warning: “in 1999, the Chinese displayed a portable laser weapon, advertised for blinding human vision and electro-optical sensors highlighting a potential acquisition of high-energy laser equipment that could be used in the development of ground-based A.S.A.T. weapons.” Despite the Communist regime’s traditional aversion to transparency, China seems to have also developed satellite tracking radar, as well as anti-G.P.S. jamming technology. 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