This version: 9-29-07 subject "travel accounts" 1700h or 1800h ahl/ha 9-24-07
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| Abstract: Examines maps produced by and for travelers to Central America, 1821-1945, a genre of cartography rarely considered by historical geographers or scholars of travel literature. During the first half of this period, travelers initially considered map production as a key element in a travel account, preparing maps for future consideration rather than using them to travel. With the advent of the railroad, steamship, automobile, and airline, 20th-century travelers became map consumers rather than producers. Between 1821 and 1945, the content of travelers' maps also evolved. Initial travelers to independent Central America mapped political geography, emphasizing state boundaries established in the region's independence. Subsequent travelers surveyed the interior for purposes of commercial development, focusing on transit - railroad and canal routes, mining, and colonization. By the late 19th century, with geographically accurate maps available to a general public in atlases and other forms, travelers contributed "personalized" maps that no longer intended to represent accurate topography but other scientific knowledge or entertainment, and by the mid-20th century, maps became the work of publishers while travelers produced photographs and illustrations. * Period: 1821-1945.
Silverman, Raymond and Sobania, Neal. “MINING A MOTHER LODE: EARLY EUROPEAN TRAVEL LITERATURE AND THE HISTORY OF PRECIOUS METALWORKING IN HIGHLAND ETHIOPIA.” History in Africa 2004 31: 335-355. Abstract: Beginning with Francisco Alvarez in the 1520's, Europeans who reached Ethiopia's interior reported on the production of items fashioned there by Ethiopian and foreign craftsmen from gold, silver, and jewels. These items included crowns, crosses, and liturgical paraphernalia used by the political elite and the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. While the sources of gold in Ethiopia remained a mystery, the silver used by the metallurgists in Ethiopia from the late 18th century came from Ethiopia's extensive importation of Maria Theresa talers. Despite their significant economic and cultural contributions, Ethiopia's metalworkers and blacksmiths occupied a relatively low social position, relative to those of the aristocracy and the peasantry. * Period: 16c-19c. Hobbs, Lenora. “SIZING UP THE QUEEN CITY: FRANCES TROLLOPE AND HARRIET MARTINEAU.” Timeline 2004 21(3): 14-27. Abstract: Contrasts the lives and writings of Harriet Martineau and Frances Trollope and presents an overview of the two Englishwomen's differing opinions of American life in Cincinnati during the mid-19th century. * Period: 19c. Schroeder, Steven. “A MIND TO STAY: ON ENCOUNTERING THE PANHANDLE OF TEXAS.” National Identities [Great Britain] 2004 6(1): 43-59. Abstract: Examines six 19th-century travel accounts written by visitors to the Texas Panhandle region, noting the variety of sometimes conflicting metaphors used to describe what they found there, the encounters with Native Americans, and how place-names and descriptions were elements of establishing boundaries. * Period: 19c. Foley, Susan. “IN SEARCH OF "LIBERTY": POLITICS AND WOMEN'S RIGHTS IN THE TRAVEL NARRATIVES OF FLORA TRISTAN AND SUZANNE VOILQUIN.” Women's History Review [Great Britain] 2004 13(2): 211-231. Abstract: The travel writings of Flora Tristan and Suzanne Voilquin are relatively unusual for their time in that their authors were feminists and socialists, and devoted particular attention to political questions in the societies they visited. But having criticized France's failure to extend rights to women, they nevertheless emphasized French cultural and political superiority, and recommended its "Enlightened" model of womanhood to other societies. The collision of their discourses about women and "liberty" illustrates, firstly, the dilemmas faced by feminists who tried to situate the "rights of women" within the project of enlightened modernity that had produced the "rights of man." Secondly, these travel narratives confirm that even feminists and socialists proved unable to escape an "Orientalist" perspective in observing foreign societies. Nevertheless, while Europe provided the criteria for assessing the "Other" world, that "Other" world simultaneously served as a counter-model by which European shortcomings could be exposed. * Period: 1830's-60's. Duarte, Regina Horta. “FACING THE FOREST: EUROPEAN TRAVELLERS CROSSING THE MUCURI RIVER VALLEY, BRAZIL, IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.” Environment and History [Great Britain] 2004 10(1): 31-58. Abstract: Between 1816 and 1859 some European travelers visited the Mucuri River Valley, part of the Brazilian territory where the "Atlantic Forest" once flourished. Based on the travelers' accounts, the article examines the conditions of exploration and some aspects of the historical changes that took place in that territory. The travelers' reports comprise a rich documentation for a debate that is still alive on varied interactions among human societies and transformations of the natural environment. * Period: 1816-59. Arnold, David. “DEATHSCAPES: INDIA IN AN AGE OF ROMANTICISM AND EMPIRE, 1800-1856.” Nineteenth-Century Contexts [Great Britain] 2004 26(4): 339-353. Abstract: Explores the identification of the Indian landscape with death and desolation in the literature of early-19th-century British travel writers. In part, this reflected British anxieties over rates of mortality in India, but it also highlighted the influence of Romanticism on perceptions of the colonial landscape. The depiction of India and its peoples as ruined further served to legitimize the imperial project of improvement and restoration. * Period: 1800-56. Phillips, Pamela. “STREET SCENES: FOREIGN TRAVELERS IN MADRID (1825-1850).” Hispanic Review 2004 72(3): 423-436. Abstract: Explores the image of Madrid created in the first half of the 19th century by an idealized Romantic vision perpetuated in travel accounts. Madrid, as viewed through the lens of Romanticism, was hailed in travel accounts for its simplicity, authenticity, and the slow pace of life. Ironically, the more these travelers convinced others that Madrid was worth visiting, the more the very things they cherished were put at risk. * Period: 1825-50. Cicerchia, Ricardo. “JOURNEY TO THE CENTRE OF THE EARTH: DOMINGO FAUSTINO SARMIENTO, A MAN OF LETTERS IN ALGERIA.” Journal of Latin American Studies [Great Britain] 2004 36(4): 665-686. * Period: 1840's. Ledford, Katherine E. “"SINGULARLY PLACED IN SCENES SO CULTIVATED": THE FRONTIER, THE MYTH OF WESTWARD PROGRESS, AND A BACKWOODS IN THE MOUNTAIN SOUTH.” ATQ 2004 18(3): 205-222. Abstract: Analyzes Charles Fenno Hoffman's A Winter in the West. By a New-Yorker (1835) and James S. Buckingham's The Slave States of America (1842), travel narratives that describe the "backward" conditions of the Appalachian Mountain South in ways that recall images usually applied to the frontier West. Hoffman's narrative illustrates a broader cultural phenomenon of the first half of the 19th century in which the persistence of "frontier" conditions in the East complicated myths of national progress through Western Jensen, Richard E., ed. “"1,000 MILES FROM HOME ON THE WILD PRAIRIE": CHARLES B. DARWIN'S 1849 NEBRASKA DIARY.” Nebraska History 2004 85(2): 58-114. Abstract: Presents a special issue dedicated to the diary of Charles Ben Darwin. Excerpted entries recount his trek through the Nebraska Territory in 1849 with a group of prospectors bound for California. The diary describes daily life traveling across the Great Plains and is written in "turgid prose" that reflects Darwin's personality. His documentation of Indian behavior and culture provides a vivid picture of Native Americans generally ignored by most prospectors moving to California. Although his entries reflect blatant racial stereotypes, they also demonstrate a growing compassion and admiration for the indigenous populations he encountered while on the trail. * Period: 1849. Seymour, George; Sobey, Douglas, ed. “PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND IN 1840: THE TRAVEL JOURNAL OF SIR GEORGE SEYMOUR, PART TWO.” Island Magazine [Canada] 2004 (55): 2-7. Abstract: Continued from a previous article (see entry 41:11820). Reprints the travel journal of Sir George Seymour, a British naval officer who visited Prince Edward Island in 1840. Seymour owned a large parcel of land in the western part of the island and came primarily to visit his landholdings. * Period: 1840. Vansina, Jan. “THE MANY USES OF FORGERIES: THE CASE OF DOUVILLE'S VOYAGE AU CONGO.” History in Africa 2004 31: 369-387. Abstract: French traveler Jean Baptiste Douville (1794-1837) won brief acclaim in Europe in the early 1830's for his supposed African explorations. The Paris Geographic Society awarded him its golden medal in March 1832 for his supposed discoveries, which he described in his Voyage au Congo et dans l'Interieur de l'Afrique Equinoxiale Fait dans les Annees 1828, 1829, et 1830 (1832). Douville had traveled to Angola, gathered data from the Portuguese colonial elite and merchants there, but did not explore the interior. He manufactured geographic features and cultural descriptions, which he included in Voyage. Exposed as a forger later in the 1830's, Douville was thoroughly discredited as a source by ethnographers and historians. His Voyage, when carefully utilized, does contain reliable information on Angolan colonial and Ambundu society, which he gleaned from records that were subsequently lost. * Period: 1828-30's. Withers, Charles W. J. “MAPPING THE NIGER, 1798-1832: TRUST, TESTIMONY AND "OCULAR DEMONSTRATION" IN THE LATE .” Imago Mundi: The International Journal for the History of Cartography [Great Britain] 2004 56(2): 170-193. Abstract: This article is about the role of trust, testimony, and direct observation in the making of maps and about the ways in which these issues were apparent in the mapping of the Niger River. By the late 18th century, the Niger River was a 2,000-year-old geographical problem. Although classical writers, Arab geographers, and French authorities had produced maps of the river, its direction of flow was not confirmed by direct observation until 1796 when the explorer Mungo Park did so. Yet Park solved only one part of the problem, and he died in 1805 while attempting to solve the remaining question: where did the river end? This question was not answered by direct observation until 1830. By then, however, the "Niger problem" had been resolved, and the solution mapped, by two early-19th-century geographers who had charted the river's course without traveling to Africa. Attention is also paid to the maps that first presented the Niger's termination on the basis of field observation. What all this evidence raises is the question of trust in others' testimony and the role of travel and direct observation in the production of maps as "truthful" documents in the late Enlightenment. * Period: 1798-1832. Prousis, Theophilus C. “ROMANTICISM AND RUSSIAN TRAVEL LITERATURE: DASHKOV'S TOUR OF OTTOMAN PALESTINE, 1820.” Canadian-American Slavic Studies 2004 38(4): 431-442. Abstract: Contains passages from the travelogue of Russian writer and diplomat Dmitri V. Dashkov (1784-1839) describing his three-week tour of Ottoman Palestine in August and September 1820. Dashkov's travel narrative, which exhibits some of the distinguishing features and traits of the Romantic travelogue, is worthy of attention for its local color, its firsthand observation, and its insightful commentary on a variety of topics, including the shrines venerated by Jews, Christians, and Muslims in the Levant and the rivalry among Christian denominations over custodial rights and worship at sacred sites. Dashkov's travelogue contributed to popularizing the genre of travel writing on the Near East in 19th- and 20th-century Russian letters. It is a reminder that Russia's engagement with the "Eastern question" involved religious and cultural matters and not just the commonly discussed strategic, commercial, and diplomatic issues. * Period: 1820. Chew, William L., III. “LIFE BEFORE FODOR AND FROMMER: AMERICANS IN PARIS FROM THOMAS JEFFERSON TO JOHN QUINCY ADAMS.” French History [Great Britain] 2004 18(1): 25-49. Abstract: Most studies of American travel experiences in France have neglected the era of the French Revolution and Napoleon. The author looks at aspects of American travel experiences in Paris from 1789 to 1815, contextualizing these within a background of American attitudes about France and the French, domestic and international issues at the time, contemporary travel practices, Franco-American relations, and concepts of "otherness." Many Americans arrived in Paris with ingrained negative stereotypes about the French gleaned from British literature and the stormy diplomatic relationship between France and the United States. Americans tended to feel morally superior to the French and viewed France's turbulent politics as further proof of American exceptionalism, superiority, and the relative strength of the US political system. * Period: 1789-1815. Chew, William L., III. “LIFE BEFORE FODOR AND FROMMER: AMERICANS IN PARIS FROM THOMAS JEFFERSON TO JOHN QUINCY ADAMS.” French History [Great Britain] 2004 18(1): 25-49. Abstract: Most studies of American travel experiences in France have neglected the era of the French Revolution and Napoleon. The author looks at aspects of American travel experiences in Paris from 1789 to 1815, contextualizing these within a background of American attitudes about France and the French, domestic and international issues, travel practices, Franco-American relations, and concepts of "otherness." Many Americans arrived in Paris with ingrained negative stereotypes about the French gained from British literature and the stormy diplomatic relationship between France and the United States. Americans tended to feel morally superior to the French and viewed France's turbulent politics as further proof of American exceptionalism, superiority, and the relative strength of the US political system. * Period: 1789-1815. Guelke, Leonard and Guelke, Jeanne Kay. “IMPERIAL EYES ON SOUTH AFRICA: REASSESSING TRAVEL NARRATIVES.” Journal of Historical Geography [Great Britain] 2004 30(1): 11-31. Abstract: In her classic analysis of naturalists' texts, Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation, Mary Louise Pratt argues that European naturalist travelers represented themselves as innocent of European hegemony, while simultaneously, if unintentionally, they advanced its agenda. A reassessment of the accounts of four 18th-century travelers to South Africa reveals that they often expressed sympathy for indigenous people, contrary to imperialist agendas. At other points they explicitly promoted imperialist goals, thus subverting the notion of their "innocence." Collateral empirical historical evidence and more comprehensive rereadings of the travelers' texts can provide alternative interpretations of naturalist travelers' involvement with imperialism. Bruno Latour's thesis of "centers of calculation" and "cycles of accumulation" more explicitly and less "innocently" links naturalists' descriptions to the scientific and commercial aspects of European imperialism. * Period: 18c. Menzin, Marion. “HOW AND WHY THEY CAME: NARRATIVES OF MIGRATION.” Magazine of History 2004 18(3): 38-42. Abstract: Contains a lesson plan that focuses on the different motives and experiences of two English travelers to colonial America in the 17th and 18th centuries as found in the personal narratives of Roger Clap (1609-91) and William Moraley (1699-1762). * Period: 17c-18c. Verhoeven, Gerrit. “"BROUGHT TOGETHER AT GREAT EFFORT": THE PLACE OF AUTHOR, PUBLISHER AND READER IN THE GENESIS OF THE EARLY MODERN TRAVEL GUIDE.” Quaerendo [Netherlands] 2004 34(3-4): 240-253. Abstract: A consideration of the functions of the three important agents - authors, publishers, and readers - in Robert Darnton's concept of a communication circuit is used to illuminate the nature and significance of travel literature in the early modern period. For a long time it was thought that this genre had played an important part in the formation of cosmopolitan values and the ideas of the Enlightenment. In recent years, however, this vision has been increasingly called into question by historians whose analysis of the working methods of early modern authors indicates that travel guides perpetuated stereotypes and erroneous ideas rather than conveyed critical observation and understanding. While such a hypothesis is perhaps tenable in the case of the 17th century, when most authors writing travel guides confined themselves to copying or compiling previous works, the period of the late 17th and early 18th centuries constituted a turning point. Scholarly journals gave rise to a more critical approach to travel guides on the part of both authors and readers. The result was that authors and publishers found themselves obliged to take greater care in ensuring that what they published was accurate. * Period: 17c-18c. Martin, Alison E. “TRAVEL, SENSIBILITY AND GENDER: THE RHETORIC OF FEMALE TRAVEL WRITING IN SOPHIE VON LA ROCHE'S TAGEBUCH EINER REISE DURCH HOLLAND UND ENGLAND.” German Life and Letters [Great Britain] 2004 57(2): 127-142. Abstract: Examines both sentimental and scientific rhetorical strategies used by Sophie von La Roche in her 1788 travel diary and her place among German travel writers of her age. * Period: 1788. Gray, Edward G. “VISIONS OF ANOTHER EMPIRE: JOHN LEDYARD, AN AMERICAN TRAVELER ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE, 1787-1788.” Journal of the Early Republic 2004 24(3): 347-380. Abstract: Considers the republican conception of empire, particularly as found in John Ledyard's travel writings. Ledyard traversed nearly all of the Russian empire in 1787 and 1788. His personal reflections suggest a revolutionary-era thinking about empire that was often consistent with Thomas Jefferson's views. Rather than an opportunistic vision born of the postrevolutionary opening of the American West, the Jeffersonian vision of empire was of a broad Anglo-American inquiry into the nature and meaning of empire, including the problem of racial and ethnic differences inherent to a diverse empire. * Period: 1787-88. Wijaczka, Jacek; Kreczmar, Agnieszka, transl. “FRANCONIA AS SEEN BY PRINCE STANISLAW PONIATOWSKI IN 1784.” Acta Poloniae Historica [Poland] 2004 (90): 77-96. Abstract: Describes the 1784 travels of Prince Stanislaw Poniatowski (1754-1833) in Franconia. Poniatowski visited Franconia as part of a larger state visit through Germany and Prussia taken on behalf of his uncle, Stanislaw Augustus, the last Polish king. The article provides a brief biography of Poniatowski and discusses the highlights of his Franconia trip, including descriptions of peasant life, agriculture, technological innovations and production methods, German society, religious practices, art, churches, and the cities of Erlangen, Nuremberg, and Munich. Poniatowski also met with Johann Andreas Stein (1728-92), a noted maker of organs and harpsichords, and the elector of Bavaria, Karl Theodor (r. 1777-99). * Period: 1784. Shelford, April. “SEA TALES: NATURE AND LIBERTY IN A SEAMAN'S JOURNAL.” Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture 2004 33: 193-219. Abstract: Utilizes the writings of two British officers to depict the British Caribbean colonies as the home of Creoles who, in denying liberty to enslaved Africans, behaved as something other than freedom-loving Englishmen. William Milton's Journal of a Voyage from North America to New York in 1756 and Edward Thompson's Sailor's Letters Written to His Select Friends in England (1766), written while on HMS Sterling Castle, expressed disappointment and disillusionment with the Caribbean and saw the region as productive of great wealth that came at the terrible price of slavery and corruption. Milton and Thompson questioned how plantation owners could be Englishmen if they profited from such abuse of power. * Period: 1756-66. Bitter, Michael. “GEORGE FORBES'S "ACCOUNT OF RUSSIA," 1733-1734.” Slavonic and East European Review [Great Britain] 2004 82(4): 886-920. Abstract: In the 1730's, George Forbes (1685-1765), 3d Earl of Granard, was sent by King George II as an envoy to the court of Russian empress Anna Ivanovna. His mission was to undertake commercial negotiations to redress an unfavorable balance of trade between Great Britain and Russia; Great Britain bought far more from Russia (mostly naval supplies) than Russia bought from Great Britain. Forbes was able to negotiate the Anglo-Russian Commercial Treaty of 1734, which dramatically opened Russia to British merchants and altered the balance of trade. While in Russia, Forbes was also charged with the task of observing the country. On his return to England, he composed his thoughts and presented his account to King George II. The account, which has not been accessible to scholars until now, demonstrates how impressed Forbes was with the natural resources of the country and the industriousness and ingenuity of the Russian people. Forbes was, however, struck by the arbitrariness of the government, which was holding back Russia's progress. * Period: 1730's. Han, Mui Ling. “FROM TRAVELOGUES TO GUIDEBOOKS: IMAGINING COLONIAL SINGAPORE, 1819-1940.” Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia [Singapore] 2003 18(2): 257-278. Abstract: People come to know about places in a variety of ways, among which the most important and highly valued is travel. Travel experiences seldom occur in a vacuum but instead are filtered through preconceived images and expectations. Even though these travel representations may not be congruent with the travelers' actual experiences, they nevertheless give rise to a definition of the place as an entity with an identity, spirit, and personality internal to itself. This article examines travelogs and guidebooks describing Singapore over the period 1819-1940 to show how these discourses were instrumental in constituting the colonial image and identity of the city. * Period: 1819-1940. Delaye, Karine. “SLAVERY AND COLONIAL REPRESENTATIONS IN INDOCHINA FROM THE SECOND HALF OF THE NINETEENTH TO THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY.” Slavery & Abolition [Great Britain] 2003 24(2): 129-142. Abstract: Although a proclamation in 1848 declared the abolition of slavery throughout the French empire, the fact that slavery may have persisted longer has made the subject somewhat delicate to research. The article examines the nature of indigenous slavery practices on the Indochinese peninsula in the late 19th and early 20th centuries based on printed firsthand accounts, especially by French explorers who traveled in the region. An analysis of related factors is provided, including estimates of the numbers and origins of slaves, descriptions of living and working conditions, and a consideration of how colonial propaganda on Indochinese slavery influenced explorers' accounts. * Period: 1850's-1910. Nicolini, Beatrice. “THE WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN AS CULTURAL CORRIDOR: MAKRAN, OMAN AND ZANZIBAR THROUGH NINETEENTH CENTURY EUROPEAN ACCOUNTS AND REPORTS.” Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 2003 37(1): 20-49. Abstract: European (mostly British and French) travel accounts that describe the "cultural corridor" of the western Indian Ocean - Makran, the strip of land on the Arabian Sea in what is now southeastern Iran and southwestern Pakistan; Oman, especially its maritime city of Muscat; and Zanzibar, off the coast of what is now Tanzania - show how the peoples of these "differing realities" merged during the 19th century and how the "misperceptions, distortions, exaggerations, and misunderstandings" of the Europeans were formed and maintained. * Period: 19c. Khan, Aisha. “PORTRAITS IN THE MIRROR: NATURE, CULTURE, AND WOMEN'S TRAVEL WRITING IN THE CARIBBEAN.” Women's Writing [Great Britain] 2003 10(1): 93-117. Abstract: Focusing on the published memoirs of American Ida Starr and Briton Annie Brassey, late Victorian-era travelers to the Caribbean and the Spanish Main, explores the connections between colonial women's travel writing and particular genres of knowledge about the colonized Other that emerge from and are reflected in these works. Emphasizing the nature/culture dualism in Western epistemology, the author counters the argument that "feminine" subjectivity and voice rendered Victorian women's travel narratives counterhegemonic. Instead, a paradox is suggested. While employing a feminine motif (an argot of light and color, nontechnical language, and the valorization of nature as a mark of female gentility), Starr and Brassey reaffirm the racial, class, and gender ideology underpinning imperial projects and thus call for more nuanced approaches to the ways race and class shape women's writing. * Period: 19c. Download 0.71 Mb. Share with your friends:
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