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| Chew, William L., III. “YANKEES VISIT THE EUROPEAN HOME OF LIBERTY: REVOLUTIONARY POLITICS AS EXPERIENCED BY AMERICAN TRAVELERS, 1780-1815.” Consortium on Revolutionary Europe 1750-1850: Selected Papers 1998: 53-70.
Abstract: An analysis of the accounts of two dozen American travelers in France between 1780 and 1815 demonstrates that partisan affiliation had little effect on their assessment of events. The records of Thomas Jefferson, Gouverneur Morris, and James Monroe, as well as lesser-known businessmen and tourists, demonstrate that although observers appreciated the significance of the French Revolution, enthusiasm soon diminished. Most felt that the French, lacking the necessary morality and democratic tradition, were not capable of following the American model. Travelers generally approved of reforms in the early stages of the revolution but criticized the excessive violence and extreme forms of egalitarianism that developed after August 1792. Revolutionary religious policy also provoked conflicting opinions, and declining Franco-American relations during the Directory and under Napoleon increased negative appraisals. * Period: 1780-1815. Costa, Tom. “A YOUNG FEDERALIST VISITS ENGLAND, 1810-1811: JOHN MYERS OF NORFOLK.” International Social Science Review 1998 73(1-2[i.e., 3-4]): 118-125. Abstract: Recounts the adventures of John Myers, a 23-year-old Jewish businessman from Norfolk, Virginia, whose letters home were filled with descriptions of the scenes, as well as the business and political affairs, of England during 1810-11. * Period: 1810-11. O'Reilly, William. “CONCEPTUALIZING AMERICA IN EARLY MODERN CENTRAL .” Pennsylvania History 1998 65(Supplement): 101-121. Abstract: The German-speaking residents of central Europe acquired a different set of images of the New World than Western Europeans as "representative images and tales of New World life and lore penetrated Central Europe, through literature, first-hand accounts from travelers, and through religious imagery." The role of the "Newlander," who traveled to and returned from America, has medieval origins. Secular lords, and even the Knights Templar, employed agents to recruit farmers and craftsmen as settlers. The Newlander not only found settlers for the New World, he operated an informal postal service and sometimes handled legal matters for clients. The Newlanders' role as cultural brokers only became obsolete once other communication networks were available. At the same time that Germans were lured to North America, even more traveled east. Only 15% of 18th-century German emigrants went to America; most went to the Kingdom of Hungary. * Period: 18c. Canizares Esguerra, Jorge. “SPANISH AMERICA IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY EUROPEAN TRAVEL COMPILATIONS: A NEW "ART OF READING" AND THE TRANSITION TO MODERNITY.” Journal of Early Modern History [Netherlands] 1998 2(4): 329-349. Abstract: Seeks to explain why 16th-century Spanish-American travel accounts, including eyewitness testimony to the grandeur of the Aztec and Inca civilizations, lost credibility by the mid-18th century. The answer is found in the influence of the emerging Enlightenment view that was suspicious of earlier sensory experience, which had not been subjected to contemporary rational analysis. An ideological perspective thus became dominant, shaping Western political and cultural history. * Period: 16c-18c. Barratt, Glynn R. deV. “A RUSSIAN VIEW OF PHILADELPHIA, 1795-96: FROM THE JOURNAL OF LIEUTENANT IURII LISIANSKII.” Pennsylvania History 1998 65(1): 62-86. Abstract: In October 1795 Russian naval lieutenant Iuri Fedorovich Lisianski (1773-1837) arrived in Philadelphia by coach from New York (which he had left after one week because of the prevalence of the plague there). Remaining until March 1796, Lisianski kept a journal, extracted here, which gives first-hand accounts of the people, highways, business establishments, and everyday life of Philadelphia at the end of the 18th century. His journal also offers vignettes of life in New York, Madras, Augusta, and Bermuda. His diary, as well as his letters, are probably representative of the type of intelligence-gathering methods available to the Russian government at the time. * Period: 1795-96. Sharpe, Pam. “TRAVELLING THE SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ENGLISH ECONOMY: A REDISCOVERY OF CELIA FIENNES.” Historian [Great Britain] 1998 (58): 8-11. Abstract: Coming from a minor aristocratic family, Celia Fiennes (1662-1741) was perhaps the first significant female travel journalist in Britain; her accounts of journeys throughout England, Scotland, and Wales provide details of social life and work and document the beginnings of the process of industrialization. * Period: 1685-1703. Leontis, Artemis. “AMBIVALENT GREECE.” Journal of Modern Greek Studies 1997 15(1): 125-136. Abstract: Travel writing about Greece, as exemplified in two recent books by Robert Eisner and Olga Augustinos, has been bedeviled by a tension between idealization of the past and disenchantment with the present, but Julian Pettifer's The Greeks (1993) breaks the mold with its sympathetic exploration of contemporary reality. * Period: 19c-20c. Weider, Ben. “A VISIT TO ST. HELENA.” Consortium on Revolutionary Europe 1750-1850: Selected Papers 1997: 544-549. Abstract: Ben Weider provides an account of his visit to St. Helena to gain a sense of its atmosphere for his book The Murder of Napoleon (1999). Reaching the island by freighter ship, Weider began with a visit to Longwood, Napoleon's residence in St. Helena, which was purchased by the French from the English in 1854 and is now the French consulate. Gilbert Martineau, Napoleonic historian and the consul general, worked to restore Longwood House and retain its original character. Weider also visited Napoleon's tomb in "Geranium Valley," where his body was originally interred, and the tea house belonging to the Balcombe family where Napoleon stayed when he first arrived on the island. Finally, he visited Plantation House, home of Sir Hudson Lowe, governor of the island during Napoleon's exile. * Period: 19c-20c. Kushner, David. “ZEALOUS TOWNS IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY PALESTINE.” Middle Eastern Studies [Great Britain] 1997 33(3): 597-612. Abstract: Examines the treatment of foreign visitors to Palestine in the 19th century based on travel accounts of Nablus and Hebron, which were considered hostile toward visitors. Considerable difficulties were reported, including physical and verbal abuse and fanatical attitudes toward non-Muslims. The various reports, however, often contained inaccuracies and exaggerations that reflected the travelers' bias against Islam, or that were based on second-hand reports from other Europeans. The hostility of the Palestinians was a consequence of European penetration, seen as a threat to Islam. * Period: 1834-1903. Noor, Farish A. “INNOCENTS ABROAD? THE ERASURE OF THE QUESTION OF RACE AND POWER IN CONTEMPORARY FEMINIST AND "NOSTALGIC" TRAVELOGUES.” South East Asia Research [Great Britain] 1997 5(1): 57-88. Abstract: The editors of some recently published travelogs containing Western women's travel accounts of Southeast Asia in the 19th century have overlooked issues of race, class, gender, and power relations in order to present a "sanitized" version of white women's travels during a period of Western imperialism. These "sanitized" histories have sometimes also been presented as part of a feminist tradition of travel, ignoring the fact that the authors were usually neither feminists nor opposed to imperialism. * Period: 19c. Parsons, Clare Olivia. “WOMEN TRAVELERS AND THE SPECTACLE OF MODERNITY.” Women's Studies 1997 26(5): 399-422. Abstract: Compares depictions of the female as flaneur, or idle person-about-town, in 19th-century Parisian travel narratives written by Johanna Schopenhauer, Julie de Marguerittes, Emma Niendorf, and Ida Kohl. * Period: 19c. Bastea, Eleni. “NINETEENTH-CENTURY TRAVELLERS IN GREEK LANDS: POLITICS, PREJUDICE AND POETRY IN ARCADIA.” Dialogos: Hellenic Studies Review [Great Britain] 1997 4: 47-69. Abstract: The writings of foreign travelers in Greece in the 19th century document both political change and the hardships of everyday life, providing contrast to the idealized images frequently associated with the country. * Period: 19c. Zdanowski, Jerzy. “AN INDIVIDUAL IN THE SOCIETY OF THE WAHHABI ARABIA: ON READING J. BURCKHARDT, CH. M. DOUGHTY AND A. BLUNT.” Hemispheres [Poland] 1997 12: 89-100. Abstract: The travel accounts published by Europeans on their experiences in Arabia in the 19th century are among the rare sources for the social history of the region during the Wahhabi period, which extended from the mid-18th century to 1932. Their accounts provide an insight into the possibilities that social mobility offered individuals of different backgrounds. The author examines the writings of John Lewis Burckhardt, Charles Doughty, and Anne Blunt. * Period: 19c. Yarak, Larry W. “A DUTCH EMBASSY TO ASANTE IN 1857: THE JOURNAL OF DAVID MILL GRAVES.” History in Africa 1997 24: 363-380. Abstract: A Gold Coaster of mixed descent who knew and spoke English, Dutch, and Fante, David Mill Graves was employed as an interpreter by the Dutch colonial government at Elmina. In this capacity he accompanied a diplomatic and trade mission sent by the governor in Elmina to the court of the Asantehene Kwaku Dua Panin, who ruled from 1834 to 1867, at Kumasi in July 1857. Returning to Elmina in September, Graves was sent back to Kumasi with the Asante envoy. On both missions to Kumasi, Graves kept a journal of his travels and observations. Published a decade and a half later to justify the Dutch government's 1872 cession of Elmina to the British, it revealed a rich court life in the Asante capital and depicted the asantehene as a despot who monopolized his kingdom's gold supply and condoned bloody sacrifices in state rituals. * Period: 1857-72. Mitchell, Martin. “GENTILE IMPRESSIONS OF SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH, 1849-1870.” Geographical Review 1997 87(3): 334-352. Abstract: The landscape of Salt Lake City, Utah, drew considerable comment between 1849 and 1870 from non-Mormon travelers. These experiences, chiefly of overland emigrants, foreign travelers, and military personnel, include first impressions, feelings on entry, and later reactions. The author discusses the setting, material landscape, Mormon citizenry, and travelers' attitudes toward early Salt Lake City Mormon customs and institutions. * Period: 1849-70. Fish, Cheryl. “VOICES OF RESTLESS (DIS)CONTINUITY: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TRAVEL FOR FREE BLACK WOMEN IN THE ANTEBELLUM AMERICAS.” Women's Studies 1997 26(5): 475-495. Abstract: Two travel narratives written by antebellum-era black female authors traveling abroad during the 1820's-50's, Nancy Prince's A Narrative of the Life and Travels of Mrs. Nancy Prince (1850-56) and Mary Seacole's Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands (1857), demonstrate how mobility and cross-cultural exchanges shaped the authors' identities. * Period: 1820's-50's. Shaw, James H. and Lee, Martin. “RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF BISON, ELK, AND PRONGHORN ON THE SOUTHERN PLAINS, 1806-1857.” Plains Anthropologist 1997 42(159): 163-172. Abstract: The authors searched diaries of travels over the Southern Plains during 1806-57 for reports of bison, elk, and pronghorn. From these accounts they obtained indexes of abundance by dividing the number of days in which the animals were observed by the total number of days spent by the expeditions in each of the three prairie biomes. Organized by historical period and biome type, results show that populations of these ungulates were unstable even during the first half of the 19th century. The most stable populations throughout the survey period were bison on mixed-grass prairies. Bison and elk disappeared from tall-grass regions by 1833. Bison were exceptionally numerous on short-grass prairies prior to 1821 but their numbers declined sharply thereafter. Elk were most abundant on tall-grass prairies during the earliest historical periods. Pronghorn were most abundant on short-grass prairies during 1806-20 and again during the 1850's, and most abundant on mixed-grass prairies between those periods. Human influences were likely responsible for the paucity of bison on tall-grass prairies. The persistence of all three species on mixed-grass prairies was influenced by that biome's distance from centers of human populations encroaching from both east and west. * Period: 1806-57. Bourke, Eoin. “"THE IRISHMAN IS NO LAZZARONE": GERMAN TRAVEL WRITERS IN IRELAND 1828-1850.” History Ireland [Ireland] 1997 5(3): 21-25. Abstract: Discusses impressions of Ireland by four 19th-century German visitors: Prince Hermann von Puckler-Muskau (1828), Johann Georg Kohl (1842), Jakob Venedey (1843), and Moritz Hartmann (1850). * Period: 1828-50. Logan, Deborah A. “HAREM LIFE, WEST AND EAST.” Women's Studies 1997 26(5): 449-474. Abstract: Analyzes representations of women by Harriet Martineau (1802-76) in travel journals from a trip to the American South in the 1830's and to Egypt and Palestine from 1846 to 1847. Martineau, a feminist and abolitionist, compares Victorian domestic oppression of women to the sexual exploitation of slave women in the American South and Middle Eastern women residing in harems. * Period: 1830's-47. Arndt, Edward J. “RUDOLF LANGE'S LETTER WRITTEN ONE YEAR BEFORE THE FOUNDING OF THE MISSOURI SYNOD.” Concordia Historical Institute Quarterly 1997 70(1): 21-37. Abstract: Prints and introduces two letters written in 1846 by Rudolf Lange, a newly arrived German emigrant, later a pastor and leader in the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod, describing in detail his journey from Bremerhaven, Germany, to America and his first impressions of the country. * Period: 1846. Kale, Steven. “FRANCE IN CUSTINE'S RUSSIAN PRISM.” Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Western Society for French History 1997 24: 397-406. Abstract: The Marquis de Custine's Russia in 1839 (1843) was really about France rather than Russia, and it reflects his attitude toward France's past and future. Custine saw Russian tyranny as being rooted in the absence of a sense of history: Russia was hopeless because it had neither a past to strengthen it nor Catholicism to civilize it. He tried to convince his fellow French legitimists that Spain, not Russia, was the model to follow in reestablishing a monarchy in France. * Period: 1839. Ernstrom, Adele M. “THE AFTERLIFE OF MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT AND ANNA JAMESON'S WINTER STUDIES AND SUMMER RAMBLES IN CANADA.” Women's Writing [Great Britain] 1997 4(2): 277-296. Abstract: Discusses remembrances of Mary Wollstonecraft in women's signed publications. Among these publications was Anna Jameson's Winter Studies and Summer Rambles in Canada (1838), which recalled to a male reviewer the literary felicity of Wollstonecraft's Letters Written . . . in Sweden. The essay explores Wollstonecraft's legacy for Jameson in her use of a travel account to frame a feminist project: comparison of the situation of native women in Upper Canada to that of women in European society. Demands on native women are shown to be "rational" relative to the given stage of social development with respect to conditions of work, considerations of class, and of sexuality. Jameson throws into relief the contrasting "artificiality" of class-based determinants of work and privilege for women in "civilised society" and other issues of contestation for women in England such as a mother's lack of legal rights to her children. * Period: 1780's-1838. Helfant, Ian M. “SCULPTING A PERSONA: THE PATH FROM PUSHKIN'S CAUCASIAN JOURNAL TO PUTESHESTVIE V ARZRUM.” Russian Review 1997 56(3): 366-382. Abstract: Analyzes the connection between a journal kept by Alexander Pushkin (1799-1837) during an 1829 trip to the Caucasus in company with the Russian military and the subsequent publication of Puteshestvie v Arzrum [Journey to Erzurum] in 1836. The author analyzes in particular Pushkin's role as author-narrator of the work and notes the traditions that formed his self-representation in the book. * Period: 1829-36. Guentner, Wendelin. “THE SKETCH AS LITERARY METAPHOR: THE BRITISH ROMANTIC TRAVEL NARRATIVE.” European Romantic Review 1997 7(2): 125-133. Abstract: Analyzes how several English Romantic travel writers - including William Wordsworth and William Gilpin - described their travel writings with the pictorial metaphor of the sketch between 1789 and 1832. The author explores how those writers' appropriation of a visual arts metaphor signaled their participation in the contemporary debate between neoclassicists and Romantics. * Period: 1789-1832. Byrd, Melanie. “MONUMENTS TO THE PEOPLE: THE NAPOLEONIC SCHOLARS AND DAILY LIFE IN ANCIENT EGYPT.” Consortium on Revolutionary Europe 1750-1850: Selected Papers 1997: 243-248. Abstract: The Description de l'Egypte [Description of Egypt] (1809-26), compiled by members of the French Scientific and Artistic Commission during Napoleon's expedition to Egypt, is one of the most important works of art and architectural history of the early 19th century. This work was undertaken as preparation toward making Egypt a French colony. Savants such as Louis Costaz (1767-1842) and Edme Francois Jomard (1777-1862) soon became fascinated by the everyday and domestic history of the Egyptians. At a time when Egyptology was largely restricted to plundering tombs and monuments, these pioneer scholars sought to preserve and understand an ancient culture, their accounts helping to educate Europe and the United States and foreshadowing the future of Egyptology. * Period: 1798-1826. Jones, Angela D. “ROMANTIC WOMEN TRAVEL WRITERS AND THE REPRESENTATION OF EVERYDAY EXPERIENCE.” Women's Studies 1997 26(5): 497-521. Abstract: Although Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-97), Ann Radcliffe (1764-1823), and Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (1797-1851) used Romantic principles of pictorial description in their travel narratives, they often customized traditional aesthetic representations to distinguish their work from the male autobiographical tradition. * Period: 1794-1817. Karnes, Mary E. “SALLY ANDERSON HASTINGS: A POETIC DIARY.” Journal of the Lancaster County Historical Society 1997 99(1): 30-44. Abstract: Presents a brief biography of Sally Anderson Hastings (1773-1812), a Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, woman who in 1808 published a narrative entitled "A Family Tour to the West," an account of a difficult trip from Lancaster to Washington County. The author summarizes the contents of the narrative and reproduces some religious poetry that accompanied it. * Period: 1773-1812. Rossouw, Fransie. “MRS. JEMIMA KINDERSLEY (1741-1809): AN EARLY TRAVELLER AT THE CAPE.” Quarterly Bulletin of the South African Library [South Africa] 1997 51(4): 151-154. Abstract: Presents extracts from A History of the Kindersley Family (1938) by A. F. Kindersley that relate to Jemima Kindersley, author of Letters from the Island of Teneriffe, Brazil, the Cape of Good Hope, and the East Indies (1777), the first published account about the Cape by a woman. * Period: 1760's-1809. Langford, Paul. “BRITISH POLITENESS AND THE PROGRESS OF WESTERN MANNERS: AN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY ENIGMA.” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society [Great Britain] 1997 7: 53-72. Abstract: While its government was widely admired by many 18th-century Europeans, visitors to Britain found little to admire about its society and manners. The country prided itself on equality and mutual self-respect, but many visitors found the rules of polite society to be petty and stifling. The English cult of the home resulted in an extreme sense of privacy and lack of hospitality, and few Englishmen were considered very polite, though the Irish and the Scots were. * Period: 1700-1802. Carey, Daniel. “METHOD, MORAL SENSE, AND THE PROBLEM OF DIVERSITY: FRANCIS HUTCHESON AND THE SCOTTISH .” British Journal for the History of Philosophy [Great Britain] 1997 5(2): 275-296. Abstract: Scottish philosopher Francis Hutcheson's treatment of moral diversity is examined within the context of the Scottish Enlightenment, focusing on his proposal to make moral philosophy an observational practice oriented to accumulating inductive observations of diverse moral practices. Hutcheson's theory of moral sense is contrasted with the moral philosophies of John Locke and the 3d Earl of Shaftesbury. Hutcheson's attack on travel writing, the primary documentary source of moral diversity in the 18th century, is discussed, showing that Hutcheson believed that such writing could reveal morals common among different groups as well as moral diversity. * Period: 18c. Lamb, Jonathan. “EYE-WITNESSING IN THE SOUTH SEAS.” Eighteenth Century: Theory and Interpretation 1997 38(3): 201-212. Abstract: Chronicles the development of accurate ethnographic and scientific characterizations of the South Pacific based on substantiated eyewitness evidence. British historians in the Enlightenment, reluctant to accept the authenticity of eyewitness accounts, strove to develop experimental methods for gathering information regarding Oceania culture. Evidence suggests that explorers and travelers to the Pacific region sincerely testified to their experiences, but their documentation lacked objective, reliable facts, thus leading to academia's dismissal of these observations as untruthful, exaggerated, or romanticized fiction. Ironically, travelers returning with shocking, horrific stories of the South Pacific received enormous publicity in the press and their stories proved to be financially rewarding as sales of the published accounts soared. * Period: 18c. Sobey, Douglas. “A JOURNEY ACROSS LOT 13 IN 1793.” Island Magazine [Canada] 1997 (42): 25-34. Abstract: Reprints and comments on a report of a journey taken by Robert Gray in August 1793 across the western Prince Edward Island property owned by Lord Hugh Seymour-Conway. The journey south and west from the Tyne Valley to the Sheep (Conway) River took about five days and covered about six miles. * Period: 1793. Maxwell, Anne. “FALLEN QUEENS AND PHANTOM DIADEMS: COOK'S VOYAGES AND ENGLAND'S SOCIAL ORDER.” Eighteenth Century: Theory and Interpretation 1997 38(3): 247-258. Abstract: Examines British literary reactions to navigator James Cook's (1728-79) descriptions of his voyages to the South Pacific and of native sexual rituals, infanticide, and cannibalism. John Hawkesworth, in a navy-commissioned account of Cook's first voyage, emphasized typical Enlightenment classical, moralistic elements in an effort to transform the navigator's experiences into an expression of civility overcoming savagery. Responses to Hawkesworth's moralistic approach took the form of satirical verse such as the popular anonymous poems The Oberea Cycle (1771-79) and An Epistle from Obera . . . to Joseph Banks (1774) attributed to Major John Scott. In prose, an officer aboard the Discovery on Cook's third voyage, John Rickman, described a love affair between a lower-class British sailor and a New Zealand Maori girl that mirrored British racist attitudes toward indigenous populations, the sense of British superiority, and the determination of Europeans to remain separate from and in control of pagan peoples. * Period: 1770's-80's. LeCoat, Nanette. “ALLEGORIES LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, AND IMPERIAL: REPRESENTATION OF THE OTHER IN WRITINGS ON EGYPT BY VOLNEY AND SAVARY.” Eighteenth Century: Theory and Interpretation 1997 38(1): 3-22. Abstract: Discusses the divergent approaches and discursive strategies employed in two contrasting 18th-century French accounts of Egypt, Claude Etienne Savary's Lettres sur l'Egypte (1785-86) and Constantin-Francois Volney's Voyage en Egypte et en Syrie (1787). * Period: 1785-87. Erski, Theodore I. “A HOME ON THE SUBLIME: TRANS-OCEANIC PERSPECTIVES.” American Neptune 1996 56(3): 235-244. Abstract: Examines accounts of ocean voyages, mostly from the 19th century. Ocean journeys afforded unique opportunities to experience environmental sublimity, and journals and letters expressed these experiences. Travelers such as Welcome Arnold Green and Edwin Hillyer viewed the interplay between majestic storms and calm weather. Ships could also be like homes, and the close quarters could lead to both warm comradeship and conflict and tension, as witnessed by Richard Greenleaf Norton on his voyage from Boston to California in 1849. * Period: 1817-1938. Download 0.71 Mb. Share with your friends:
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