This version: 9-29-07 subject "travel accounts" 1700h or 1800h ahl/ha 9-24-07
Download 0.71 Mb.
|
| Pagh, Nancy. “AN INDESCRIBABLE SEA: DISCOURSE OF WOMEN TRAVELING THE NORTHWEST COAST BY BOAT.” Frontiers 1999 20(3): 1-26.
Abstract: Women's descriptions of the northwest coast of the United States and Canada from the late 18th to the mid-20th century illustrate their nonconfrontational relationship with nature, their tendency to define surroundings in terms of home, and the effects of experience on perceptions and emotions. * Period: 1770's-1950's. Digby, Simon. “BEYOND THE OCEAN: PERCEPTIONS OF OVERSEAS IN INDO-PERSIAN SOURCES OF THE MUGHAL PERIOD.” Studies in History [India] 1999 15(2): 247-259. Abstract: Examines travel accounts written by Indo-Persians who ventured beyond the Indian Ocean to England and other European countries by boat during the 17th and 18th centuries. The accounts include details about the difficulties of sea travel, the characteristics of animal and plant life, and the customs and trades of local populations. Some authors, such as Amin al-Din Khan, completed works about life beyond the Indian Ocean without travel experience or contact with contemporary overseas traders. As a result, such works often included inaccurate geographical information and centuries-old myths about Europeans. The 17th- and 18th-century accounts are generally considered to be unsophisticated compared to the 19th- and 20th-century accounts of Europe that were primarily written by Indo-Persian intellectuals. * Period: 17c-19c. Newby, L. J. “THE CHINESE LITERARY CONQUEST OF XINJIANG.” Modern China 1999 25(4): 451-474. Abstract: Describes the ways images about northwestern China were created and perpetuated in the minds of Chinese intellectuals during the 18th and 19th centuries. Writers produced similar accounts of this so-called new frontier, which indicates that they often borrowed from past reports. Accounts described local customs as very different from Qing traditions, but neither better nor worse. The purpose was not only to provide information and entertainment, but also to bring Xinjiang Province into China's broad cultural framework. * Period: 1777-1884. Milder, Robert. “AN ARCH BETWEEN TWO LIVES: MELVILLE AND THE MEDITERRANEAN, 1856-57.” Arizona Quarterly 1999 55(4): 21-47. Abstract: Comments on the impressions recorded by American writer Herman Melville (1819-91) during his journey to Egypt, Palestine, Greece, Turkey, and Rome in 1856-57. Melville's travels through the sites of ancient cultures helped redefine his conception of religion and of the United State's place in history. * Period: 1850's. Law, Robin and Lovejoy, Paul E. “BORGU IN THE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE.” African Economic History 1999 27: 69-92. Abstract: The Borgu region of Western Africa was significant to the economic development of the Atlantic and internal African slave trades. The earliest known European account of Borgu during this era is Hugh Clapperton's travel log from 1826. Clapperton's account, when combined with other sources of information on 19th century Borgu, illustrates the importance of the region in the slave trade. In addition to evidence of Borgu people in the Americas, these records also provide firsthand accounts by the slave trade's victims. * Period: 1720's-1850's. Langford, Paul. “THE ENGLISH AS REFORMERS: FOREIGN VISITORS' IMPRESSIONS, 1750-1850.” Proceedings of the British Academy [Great Britain] 1999 100: 101-119. Abstract: In the late 18th century most foreigners visiting Britain expected to be impressed by the country and its institutions, but by the second quarter of the 19th century the range of appraisals were greater and more critical than ever before. Liberal and radical observers bemoaned the servility of the English lower classes, the obsession with rank and title, the extravagance of the aristocracy, a supposed anti-intellectualism, and a pervasive hypocrisy that extended into such areas as social reform. Only a relatively small number of conservative visitors praised the stability of English society, its ancient constitution, and reverence for the past, ignoring the negative effects of industrialization. * Period: 1750-1850. Howe, Patricia. “"DIE WIRKLICHKEIT IST ANDERS": IDA PFEIFFER'S VISIT TO CHINA 1847.” German Life and Letters [Great Britain] 1999 52(3): 325-342. Abstract: Discusses the work of Austrian travel writer Ida Pfeiffer (1797-1858), who in the 1840's journeyed to China and other parts of the Orient, and wrote of her observations and experiences. Her writings were published in 1850 as Eine Frauenfahrt um die Welt [A woman's travels around the world]. * Period: 1840's. Ferreira, Patricia. “ALL BUT "A BLACK SKIN AND WOOLY HAIR": FREDERICK DOUGLASS'S WITNESS OF THE IRISH FAMINE.” American Studies International 1999 37(2): 69-83. Abstract: Discusses the significance of renowned American abolitionist Frederick Douglass's two-year speaking tour of Britain and Ireland during the mid-1840's. He witnessed firsthand and began to speak out against the oppression of the Irish, emphasizing the similarities between their largely religious and culturally based discrimination and the race-based plight of American slaves. Although early in Douglass's tour - undertaken at the encouragement of British and Irish abolitionists to escape his recapture by his owner, whom he had named in his autobiography - he was reluctant to address the Irish problems, he gained confidence in the power of his message through his new associates. He enlightened American abolitionist leaders on the treatment of the Irish, while addressing the English and Irish about the need to abolish slavery. Although careful not to equate impoverishment with enslavement, he nonetheless pointed out the parallels between the situation faced by the Irish poor and American slaves. During this trip, Douglass "reconfigured his racial identity" to position slavery within a larger human rights agenda, and to encourage activists on both sides of the Atlantic to work together for subjugated people. * Period: 1845-47. Brehm, Victoria. “INVENTING ICONOGRAPHY ON THE ACCESSIBLE FRONTIER: HARRIET MARTINEAU, ANNA JAMESON, AND MARGARET FULLER ON THE GREAT LAKES.” Prospects 1999 24: 67-98. Abstract: Analysis of women's travel narratives about the Great Lakes region in the early 19th century reveals the authors' difficulty in negotiating between their perceptions of reader expectations and their own political ideologies. Harriet Martineau's Society in America (1837), Anna Jameson's Winter Studies and Summer Rambles (1838), and Margaret Fuller's Summer on the Lakes in 1843 (1844) all attempt to present progressive views of nature, Native American culture, and the lives of frontier women. Though the works have been praised as valuable feminist texts, they still impose imperialist structures on their subjects. Martineau idealizes the landscape and neglects mentioning the hardships faced by women and Native Americans. Jameson ignores the restraints of class on women's rights, and though the least biased of the lakes travelers, still views the Native American lifestyle as a commodity she can use to find solutions to her own society's problems, as well as to sell books. Fuller draws on patriarchal, imperialistic source material to both validate and fill in gaps in her narrative and undercuts her own liberal politics with condescending, colonial views on the preservation of Native American culture and the education of frontier women. * Period: 1820-43. Lockhart, Jamie Bruce. “IN THE RAW: SOME REFLECTIONS ON TRANSCRIBING AND EDITING LIEUTENANT HUGH CLAPPERTON'S WRITINGS ON THE BORNO MISSION OF 1822-25.” History in Africa 1999 26: 157-195. Abstract: Lieutenant Hugh Clapperton (1788-1827), a veteran of the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812, achieved fame for his participation in Britain's effort in the 1820's to explore the interior of West Africa and determine the course of the Niger River. Along with Major Dixon Denham and Dr. Walter Oudney, Clapperton crossed the Sahara from Tripoli and the Fezzan to Borno. Returning home in 1825, Clapperton soon embarked on a second journey to the Central Sudan, which he did not survive. Until the 1990's his log or diary records had been largely ignored, except for a chapter published along with the writings of his companions on the first journey in 1826. The organizer of this expedition, John Barrow, second secretary at the Admiralty, heavily edited Clapperton's journal (itself a revision of his "raw" remark log), omitting a great number of his observations and concerns and changing its tone. In spite of inconveniences that include irregular spellings, grammar, and punctuation and illegible words and passages, "raw" works like Clapperton's original remark books are invaluable sources for historical scholarship. * Period: 1822-27. Dietle, Robert L. “WILLIAM S. DALLAM: AN AMERICAN TOURIST IN REVOLUTIONARY PARIS.” Filson Club History Quarterly 1999 73(2): 139-165. Abstract: Provides a rare glimpse of an American tourist's reactions to both the 18th-century Enlightenment and the politics of the French Revolution. A journal kept by William S. Dallam during his travels in Europe in 1795 reveals his boredom during the early days of the voyage, the dangers of 18th-century travel, his encounter with the English, his problems with the French language, the uncertainty of France's political situation, his approval of the political views of Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe, and his presence during the "dismantling of the Terror" associated with the French Revolution. * Period: 1794-95. Cole, John N. “HENRY MARCHANT'S JOURNAL, 1771-1772.” Rhode Island History 1999 57(2): 30-55. Abstract: Recounts the 1771-72 journey to England taken by Henry Marchant, attorney general for the colony of Rhode Island, and prints entries from his journal. Marchant went to England in July 1771 to claim a debt owed to Rhode Island for artillery stores furnished to England for the Crown Point Expedition in 1756 and to discuss the decision of the king-in-council to overturn the Rhode Island Superior Court's decision in the Freebody v. Brenton et al. case, which Rhode Island refused to recognize. The observations he made and the people he met during his travels solidified Marchant's support of colonial freedom. He met with Benjamin Franklin, David Hume, William Robertson (the principal of Edinburgh University), Scottish philosopher Henry Home, Lord Kames, British attorney Henry Mackenzie, and Catharine Macaulay, all of whom were sympathetic to the cause of the colonies. Great Britain ultimately reneged on its obligation to Rhode Island. Marchant was unsuccessful in persuading the king-in-council to accept Rhode Island's original decision in the matter, but England's actions in the case contributed to the gradual collapse of the colonial relationship, culminating in the American Revolution. While Marchant was impressed by many social and economic aspects of life in England, the injustice the British courts displayed toward the American colonies and the general incompetence of the British legal system only furthered his support for independence. * Period: 1771-72. Leitao, Manoel Correia; Sebestyen, Eva and Vansina, Jan, ed. “ANGOLA'S EASTERN HINTERLAND IN THE 1750S: A TEXT EDITION AND TRANSLATION OF MANOEL CORREIA LEITAO'S "VOYAGE" (1755-1756).” History in Africa 1999 26: 299-364. Abstract: Manoel Correia Leitao, a Luanda-born Luso-African slave trader, traveled to Cassange during 1755-56 on orders from Angola's Portuguese governor, and wrote a flawed but invaluable report of his journey and conditions in the interior. Leitao did not keep a diary or journal, and wrote his report during the year following his return to Luanda on 15 August 1756. He often relied on hearsay information, frequently obtained from slaves, and invented many details to satisfy demands of the governor. His report was probably prepared to facilitate the slave trade rather than to describe his official mission of crossing Africa to reach the Portuguese posts in Mozambique, which he failed to do. Moreover, it was silent on the Angolan trade in the interior. Considered significant enough to be suppressed from public view, Leitao's 1757 report uniquely describes Cassange on the eve of its conquest by the Lunda kingdom. * Period: 1755-57. Alam, Muzaffar and Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. “EMPIRICISM OF THE HEART: CLOSE ENCOUNTERS IN AN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY INDO-PERSIAN TEXT.” Studies in History [India] 1999 15(2): 261-291. Abstract: Discusses a Persian travel account of West and Central Asia written by Khwaja `Abd al-Karim Shahristani, who traveled with Persian king Nadir Shah Afshar in the region during the 1730's-40's. In his account, entitled Bayan-i Waqi`, `Abd al-Karim was especially interested in examining the origins and maintenance of Nadir Shah's political power. Nadir Shah's invasion of North India made an impression on `Abd al-Karim, a resident of Delhi, who witnessed the effects of the Mughal Empire's decay firsthand. The account also includes geographic and cultural details of towns and cities in the Ottoman Empire, as well as reflections on aspects of religious life. * Period: 1730's-40's. Banerjee, Pompa. “BURNING QUESTIONS: WIDOWS, WITCHES, AND EARLY MODERN EUROPEAN TRAVEL NARRATIVES OF INDIA.” Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 1999 29(3): 529-561. Abstract: Western travel accounts describing Indian widow-burning (sati) fail to compare the practice to European witchburning. Indian widows were both symbols of the barbarity of a foreign culture and ideals of wifely passivity and obeisance to patriarchy. At a time when European discourse increasingly prescribed female behavior, the Indian widows in these narratives appear as docile yet heroic martyrs following their husbands into death. These accounts form a protocolonialist narrative that exoticizes India as the Other. * Period: 1500-1723. Jezernik, Bozidar. “WESTERN PERCEPTIONS OF TURKISH TOWNS IN THE .” Urban History [Great Britain] 1998 25(2): 211-230. Abstract: Provides a summary of Western perceptions of Balkan towns as noted by Western Europeans who visited the area in different periods since the 17th century. The civilization they found and described there was a part of an entity encompassing the material and spiritual culture of urban life in the Near East. During the 19th century the Balkans underwent major political changes and contemporary travelers' reports were rich with observations about the process of "Europeanization" of the Balkan towns. During the process, which meant nationalism and fragmentation in what had been a fairly uniform culture area, Balkanization was the final result. * Period: 17c-20c. Wenk, Klaus. “THAI LITERATURE AS REFLECTED IN WESTERN REPORTS DURING THE 17TH TO THE 19TH CENTURIES.” Journal of the Siam Society [Thailand] 1998 86(1-2): 219-226. Abstract: Surveys 17th- through 19th-century accounts of Siamese (Thai) literature written by traveling Western officials and scholars. Works by Westerners, such as Scottish author John Leyden's Languages and Literature of Indochinese Nations (1812), contained little more than superficial observations and information concerning Thai literary works that were considered unimportant by 20th-century literary critics. The linguistic difficulty of the Thai language, combined with the authors' prejudices and apparent reliance on Western secondary material, factored into the production of the unsubstantial accounts of Thai literature during these centuries. * Period: 17c-19c. Stowe, William W. “DOING HISTORY ON VACATION: "KTAADN" AND THE COUNTRY OF THE POINTED FIRS.” New England Quarterly 1998 71(2): 163-189. Abstract: Henry David Thoreau's "Ktaadn" (1848) and Sarah Orne Jewett's The Country of the Pointed Firs (1896), both published in Sartain's Union Magazine, incorporate the conventions of vacation writing, a genre that found widespread popularity in mass-market magazines as vacationing grew in popularity in the 19th century. Both authors used vacation writing to contemplate the writer's relationship to history. Thoreau's record of a mountain climbing expedition in the Maine woods examines the connections between nature and the republic's heritage of civil society. Jewett's idealized fictional portrait of a visit to an old-fashioned rural Maine family envisions a moral legacy central to the values of the urban white professional class. Both writers express an emergent modern bourgeois subjectivity, a phenomenon that characterized the popular travel writing their works emulated. * Period: 1848-96. Teng, Emma Jinhua. “AN ISLAND OF WOMEN: THE DISCOURSE OF GENDER IN QING TRAVEL WRITING ABOUT TAIWAN.” International History Review [Canada] 1998 20(2): 353-370. Abstract: The inversion of gender roles among Taiwanese natives reflected their status, in Qing thought and travel writing, as the savage Other. Marriage practices and the division of labor drew particular Qing attention, extending existing stereotypes of southern Chinese and Southeast Asian women as exotic and erotic. These images allowed the Chinese colonizer to appear ethnically and politically superior to the indigenous people. The discourses of gender, ethnicity, and power entwined to assert the Qing civilizing mission in its colonial endeavors. * Period: 1603-1875. Smith, Craig S. “THE CURIOUS MEET THE MORMONS: IMAGES FROM TRAVEL NARRATIVES, 1850S AND 1860S.” Journal of Mormon History 1998 24(2): 155-181. Abstract: While eyewitness accounts of life in Salt Lake City during the 1850's-60's were preponderantly positive, they had little effect on the prejudice perpetuated by fiction about Mormons written during the same period. Travelers during Mormondom's prerailroad era were predominantly wealthy, well-educated, and sophisticated, among them writers, naturalists, government officials, and newspaper correspondents. But their accounts of a prosperous, gracious, well-run society and a happy, industrious, and moral people went unheeded for two reasons. The fiction of the time was typically sold in the tens of thousands, while travelogues got little notice. And readers and newspapers accepted the fictional accounts of Mormon life as at least partly true, while reviewers of eyewitness travel accounts assumed their writers had been deceived by the Mormons. * Period: 1849-67. Woods, Martha J.; Welsh, Donald H., ed. “MARTHA J. WOODS VISITS MISSOURI IN 1857.” Missouri Historical Review 1998 92(4): 380-392. Abstract: Martha J. Woods was a native of Augusta County, Virginia, who went to Missouri with her sister, brother-in-law, and their children in 1857. This article prints excerpts from Woods's diary, which reports on travel through 13 counties of Missouri during 1857-60. * Period: 1857-60. Fattah, Hala. “REPRESENTATIONS OF SELF AND THE OTHER IN TWO IRAQI TRAVELOGUES OF THE OTTOMAN PERIOD.” International Journal of Middle East Studies [Great Britain] 1998 30(1): 51-76. Abstract: Contrasts the status of two Iraqi pilgrim-scholars and their attitudes toward the Ottoman state as represented in their travel accounts and considers how the status and attitudes of the two men related to their developing self-concept and resultant self-representation. Shaikh Abdullah al-Suwaidi (hajj, 1744-45) lived a century before Shaykh Abu Thana al-Alusi (hajj, 1849-50), yet as they traveled from Baghdad to Mecca and Istanbul, respectively, they similarly criticized the power of the bureaucracy to manipulate and exploit scholarly travelers for political gain. While al-Suwaidi was patronized honorably by Ahmad Pasha and the Baghdadi ulama, al-Alusi was at odds with the administration from the start. Thus, al-Suwaidi's tone is less abrasive. Still, both suffered psychologically as a result of the political agendas of Ottoman governors, and both fostered the development of an identity that idealized their Iraqi roots. * Period: 1840's. Porter, Bernard. “VIRTUE AND VICE IN THE NORTH: THE SCANDINAVIAN WRITINGS OF SAMUEL LAING.” Scandinavian Journal of History [Norway] 1998 23(3-4): 153-172. Abstract: The Scottish travel writer Samuel Laing in his books about Norway (1836) and Sweden (1839) examined and contrasted the "moral political and the economical" states of these countries, greatly to the benefit of Norway over Sweden. Laing admired Norway blindly, regarding it as a utopia with its equal land inheritance and subdivision. Sweden, in his opinion, had only faults, as a land full of useless nobles and bureaucracies, criminals, bastards, and a primogeniture land inheritance system. Laing was an atypical travel writer for the first part of the 19th century in that he lived in his country of travel, Norway, learning the language and running a farm, but he may have been more typical of Britons than were the literati who most commonly produced travel literature, and his books may serve to promote an understanding of relations between nations in the past, though their strength was neither as truth nor Period: 1830's. Naikar, Basavaraj S. “A WEEK ON THE CONCORD AND MERRIMACK RIVERS: AN AMERICAN TRAVELOGUE.” Indian Journal of American Studies [India] 1998 28(1-2): 65-70.
Period: 1839. Zimmermann, Eduard; Bek, William G., transl. “TRAVEL INTO MISSOURI IN OCTOBER, 1838.” Missouri Historical Review 1998 92(4): 371-379. Abstract: Eduard Zimmermann was a German traveler who visited St. Louis in 1838 and made a tour of Missouri, paying particular attention to German settlements and writing an account of his journey that is printed here in translation. * Period: 1838. Digby, Simon. “TRAVELS IN LADAKH 1820-21: THE ACCOUNT OF MOORCROFT'S PERSIAN MUNSHI, HAJJI SAYYID `ALI, OF HIS TRAVELS.” Asian Affairs [Great Britain] 1998 29(3): 299-311. Abstract: Examines a manuscript by Hajji Sayyid Najaf `Ali, who served as munshi or Persian secretary to William Moorcroft, a British agent, during his stay in Ladakh in 1820-21. As agents of the British East India Company both men reported in detail on their travels and meetings with local authorities. They also attempted in vain to extend the protection of the British to Kashmir and Ladakh. * Period: 1820-21. Schonle, Andreas. “THE SCARE OF THE SELF: SENTIMENTALISM, PRIVACY, AND PRIVATE LIFE IN RUSSIAN CULTURE, 1780-1820.” Slavic Review 1998 57(4): 723-746. Abstract: Travelogs composed by noble and wealthy bourgeois Russians from 1780 to 1820 reveal that Russian conceptions of privacy differed significantly from those held in the West. The Russian polity was an absolute patriarchy that lacked a concept of formal privacy rights protecting home life, commerce, and intellectual exchange from royal authority, so Russian travelers might be expected to celebrate Western concepts of privacy. On the contrary, however, Russian travel narratives criticized the formal division of public and private spheres characteristic of Western European society, preferring Russia's informal social regulation of publicity and privacy. The fact that Enlightenment ideas of the individual self had not yet permeated Russian society as they had Western Europe accounts for the rift between Russian and Western conceptions of privacy. The travelogs use the philosophical and literary language of sentimentalism to resist experiences of publicity and privacy central to cultural and political modernity. * Period: 1780-1820. Boden, Helen. “MATRILINEAR JOURNALISING: MARY AND DOROTHY WORDSWORTH'S 1820 CONTINENTAL TOURS AND THE FEMALE SUBLIME.” Women's Writing [Great Britain] 1998 5(3): 329-352. Abstract: Introduces Mary Wordsworth as a travel writer, and contributes to the growing debate about the "female sublime" by suggesting how the sublime is used, in slightly different ways, by Dorothy and Mary Wordsworth to interrogate the nature of writing and representation. It opens with a brief discussion of the textual history of the extant Mary Wordsworth manuscripts, especially as compared with those of Dorothy Wordsworth, indicating what this suggests about the politics of the canon. The author shows how contemporary writers, together with later editors and readers, have conspired to marginalize Mary Wordsworth. Read against the grain, however, her 1820 Journal of a Tour on the Continent emerges as a collaborative textual enterprise (with her sister-in-law, and, less directly, with her intended audience, her daughter) in which she nonetheless occupied a clear subject-position of her own. The journal exists in multiple versions, and its bibliographical/textual status, together with the actual writing, beg to be considered in the light of recent advances in critical theory. The bulk of the article, therefore, goes on to consider extracts from both Mary and Dorothy Wordsworth's 1820 tour journals in relation to contemporary formulations and later reappropriations of aesthetic theory. The final sections of the article deal with Mary Wordsworth's textualization of her journey, focusing in particular on how linguistic difference and the writer's partial access to the codes and conventions of received taste, affected her representation of subjectivity. * Period: 1820. Download 0.71 Mb. Share with your friends:
|