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| Kaplan, Paul H. D. “CONTRABAND GUIDES: TWAIN AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES ON THE BLACK PRESENCE IN VENICE.” Massachusetts Review 2003 44(1-2): 182-202.
Abstract: Describes how such American writers as Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain), William Dean Howells, James Fenimore Cooper, Margaret Fuller, and Henry James were surprised and impressed by the highly educated and capable African citizens they met in Europe, especially Venice, during the 19th century. * Period: 1851-83. Frederick, Rhonda. “CREOLE PERFORMANCE IN WONDERFUL ADVENTURES OF MRS. SEACOLE IN MANY LANDS.” Gender & History [Great Britain] 2003 15(3): 487-506. Abstract: In her autobiography, Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands (1857), Jamaican Mary Jane Grant Seacole (1805-81) recounted her travels around the Caribbean, to England, and as a nurse in the Crimea. Seacole had a strong sense of her identity as a Creole woman in interactions with others in a variety of contexts and insisted that her behavior was the definitive expression of her identity. * Period: 1849-56. Birkle, Carmen. “TRAVELOGUES OF INDEPENDENCE: MARGARET FULLER AND HENRY DAVID THOREAU.” Amerikastudien [Germany] 2003 48(4): 497-512. Abstract: Educational journeys have long been considered central to the development of a human self and to the formation of identity. Margaret Fuller's Summer on the Lakes (1844) and Henry David Thoreau's Walden (1854) are two distinct examples of travelogs written in what travel-writing and linguistics expert Mary Louise Pratt calls an "autoethnographic" mode representing America and American landscape from a native and decolonized perspective. Both texts go beyond a merely spiritual theme to delineate pragmatic aspects of an American identity in the context of a newly emerging nation that turns its back on Europe. By way of a personal encounter with nature, Fuller and Thoreau criticize the destructive intrusion of human beings into nature and reject past and present images of Native Americans as "noble" or "ignoble savages." In their encounter with nature and Native Americans as "other," both experience difference and transform this experience into a concrete political agenda and social commitment; in Fuller's case, it turns into the support of women's rights, in Thoreau's case, the abolition of slavery. While their texts are caught in the contradictions between the struggle for independence and the desire for imperial power, Fuller and Thoreau not only come to an insightful understanding of their own "selves," but also of concepts of individualism and democracy that are opposed to an enforced homogenization of American society. * Period: 1843-54. Schultz, Charles R. “GOLD RUSH VOYAGE OF THE SHIP SWEDEN.” International Journal of Maritime History [Canada] 2003 15(1): 91-127. Abstract: Between 1 December 1848 and 31 December 1849, over 750 vessels of every type sailed from the East and Gulf Coasts of the United States to California. The vessels carried gold seekers and freight. There are a number of both similarities and differences between the 1849 voyage of the Sweden and the voyages of many other gold rush vessels. Passengers on the Sweden and other vessels frequently complained about the food and other living conditions. Passengers on virtually all the vessels read books, played numerous games, and found other ways to occupy the many idle hours during the four-to-eight-month voyages. Passengers aboard most vessels were amazed by what they saw in foreign ports and in California. Little other than the departure and arrival dates is known about most vessels, but the voyage of the Sweden is well documented in five firsthand passenger accounts. Papers of one passenger document some of the planning and arrangements for the voyage. The Sweden made no stops during the 18,000- to 20,000-mile voyage, while most other vessels stopped once or twice. While little information exists about passengers on most vessels, multiple listings of passengers on the Sweden provide names as well as ages, occupations, and places of residence. * Period: 1848-49. MacLaren, I. S. “"ZEALOUS SAYLES" AND ZEALOUS SALES: BOOKINGS ON THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE.” Princeton University Library Chronicle 2003 64(2): 252-287. Abstract: Quoted by Robert Boyle and attacked by Sir John Barrow (1764-1848), Thomas James's The Strange and Dangerous Voyage (1633) served as a template for Arctic exploration writing for two centuries. Although he failed to find the Northwest Passage, the account of his travails was among the finest writing on the subject in the 17th century. * Period: 1631-1845. Seymour, George; Sobey, Douglas, ed. “PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND IN 1840: THE TRAVEL JOURNAL OF SIR GEORGE SEYMOUR, PART ONE.” Island Magazine [Canada] 2003 (54): 26-33. Abstract: Reprints a travel journal kept by Sir George Seymour, a British naval officer who visited Prince Edward Island in 1840. Seymour owned a large parcel of land in the western part of the island and came primarily to visit his landholdings. * Period: 1840. Douglas, Bronwen. “SEABORNE ETHNOGRAPHY AND THE NATURAL HISTORY OF MAN.” Journal of Pacific History [Great Britain] 2003 38(1): 3-27. Abstract: Travelers' narratives and ethnographic representations by sailors, naturalists, and artists on scientific voyages in Oceania in the century after 1750 generated intellectual exchanges regarding the science of man among European theorists. Travelers' narratives and ethnographic representations were personal productions generated in the tensions and ambiguities of cross-cultural encounters, not mere reflexes of dominant metropolitan discourses. They moved through varied genres and media of voyagers' representations to their contorted appropriation by European savants. Aboriginal Australians, especially Tasmanians, served as representatives for the indigenous inhabitants of Oceania in general. * Period: 1750-1840. Clapp, Elizabeth J. “THE BOUNDARIES OF FEMININITY: THE TRAVELS AND WRITINGS OF MRS. ANNE ROYALL, 1823-31.” American Nineteenth Century History [Great Britain] 2003 4(3): 1-28. Abstract: Between 1817 and 1830, Anne Royall traversed the length and breadth of the United States writing a series of books on her travels, which she subsequently published and sold on her later tours. She traveled at a time when journeys could be dangerous and unpredictable, and there were occasions when she was insulted, mobbed, and physically assaulted. This article examines Royall's religious and political views and her role as a partisan woman at a period when gender definitions were in the process of construction and concepts such as "women's proper behavior" were contested. While Royall was generally able to manipulate gender conventions successfully, the attacks on her suggest that she occasionally overstepped the boundaries of what some groups regarded as female decorum. * Period: 1823-31. Smith, Thomas Ruys. “"THE RIVER NOW BEGAN TO BEAR UPON OUR IMAGINATIONS": MARGARET HALL, FRANCES TROLLOPE, HARRIET MARTINEAU, AND THE PROBLEM OF THE ANTEBELLUM MISSISSIPPI.” Revue Francaise d'Etudes Americaines [France] 2003 (98): 20-31. Abstract: Examines the accounts of three British women, Margaret Hall, Frances Trollope, and Harriet Martineau, who traveled on the Mississippi River ca. 1830. Their separate narratives and contrasting experiences at this crucial moment in the Mississippi River's history provide defining and archetypical answers to the problems that the Mississippi posed for travelers in the decades before the Civil War: how were travelers to experience the giant river that confounded aesthetic principles, and how was the young nation to embrace the symbolic central artery that bisected it? * Period: 1830. Lubrich, Oliver. “IN THE REALM OF AMBIVALENCE: ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT'S DISCOURSE ON CUBA (RELATION HISTORIQUE DU VOYAGE AUX REGIONS EQUINOXIALES DU NOUVEAU CONTINENT).” German Studies Review 2003 26(1): 63-80. Abstract: Discusses an essay written in French by German naturalist and explorer Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) about his visit to Cuba in the opening years of the 19th century and published in 1826. Humboldt was considered by many Cubans to be their island's "second discoverer." Of interest is Humboldt's approach to Cuba, which seems to vary between "descriptive travel narrative, scientific geography, and sociopolitical essayism." The author also comments on Humboldt's arrival in Cuba (from Venezuela), the terminology Humboldt uses in his descriptions, and the topography of the island. * Period: ca 1801-26. Holley, Horace; Holley, I. B., Jr., ed. “TRANSYLVANIA UNIVERSITY PRESIDENT HORACE HOLLEY'S CARRIAGE JOURNEY FROM CONNECTICUT TO KENTUCKY IN 1822.” Ohio Valley History 2003 3(3): 53-72. Abstract: Horace Holley, a Unitarian preacher and president of Transylvania University during 1818-27, famed for his oratory, recorded a thousand-mile journey that he took in 1822 with his wife, two children, and other family members from Connecticut to his home in Lexington, Kentucky. * Period: 1822. Erickson, Doug; Skinner, Jeremy; and Merchant, Paul. “MATHEW CAREY: FIRST CHRONICLER OF LEWIS AND CLARK.” We Proceeded On 2003 29(3): 28-33. Abstract: Posits that Mathew Carey (1760-1839), successful publisher and writer, is the "Citizen of Philadelphia," whose anonymous account of the Lewis and Clark Expedition's progress by 1805 was included in the American update of A Compendious History of the World (1806). * Period: 1805-06. Kinsley, Zoe. “CONSIDERING THE MANUSCRIPT TRAVELOGUE: THE JOURNALS OF DOROTHY RICHARDSON (1761-1801).” Prose Studies [Great Britain] 2003 26(3): 414-431. Abstract: The manuscript travelog is a form of literary production that has not been fully considered in criticism on travel writing or scribal culture. Dorothy Richardson's five volumes of travel journals (1761-1801) are used as an example through which to explore the performance of manuscript culture, specifically in the north of England. By considering Richardson's travelogs within the context of her other literary activities, both in manuscript and in print, it becomes clear that her writings exemplify the interplay, rather than the irreconcilability, of the script and print mediums. Recent work on scribal culture in the early modern period has revealed the manuscript text to be a popular and widespread form of literary dissemination, one that was often actively chosen as a preferable alternative to print. Texts such as Richardson's demonstrate that script was still the medium of choice for some authors into the early 19th century. It enabled travelers to reflect on and revise their experiences without the constraints imposed by the fixity of print, and it facilitated the formulation of a social commentary that would, in fact, have been compromised by print publication. * Period: 1761-1801. MacLaren, I. S. “EXPLORERS' AND TRAVELERS' NARRATIVES: A PEREGRINATION THROUGH DIFFERENT EDITIONS.” History in Africa 2003 30: 213-222. Abstract: When the journals, diaries, logs, or notes of travelers or explorers were published as books, their content was frequently altered or expanded, often distorting the original documents. Publications based on the journals of Captain James Cook (1728-79) differed markedly from the explorer's entries. The "official" version of his third Pacific voyage, published posthumously in 1784, included the assertion (never made by Cook) that the Nootka Sound people practiced cannibalism. The published account of the Arctic exploration of Samuel Hearne (1745-92), which appeared in 1795, three years after his death, reflected editing that badly confused his route from Hudson Bay to the Arctic Ocean. Posthumous publication and also foreign editions tended to multiply the discrepancies created by editors between these original accounts and the versions made available to the reading public. * Period: 18c. Dewar, Helen. “OLD WORLD CONVENTIONS AND NEW WORLD CURIOSITIES: NORTH AMERICAN LANDSCAPES THROUGH EUROPEAN EYES.” Journal of the Canadian Historical Association [Canada] 2003 14: 45-63. Abstract: Examines the published accounts of three British travelers, Patrick Campbell, Isaac Weld, and George Heriot, to North America in the late 18th century. Focusing specifically on the travelers' scientific approaches to the natural landscape, it is apparent that they drew on 18th-century European scientific developments, including empirical observation, the evolution and instability of matter, and systems of classification, to facilitate their understanding of unfamiliar phenomena. The travelers' scientific observations revealed both an intellectual interest in the origin of landforms and a utilitarian view of wildlife and natural resources. Attracted to the novel and curious, the travelers' scientific speculations merged with initial aesthetic responses, highlighting a preoccupation with the power, spontaneity, and magnitude of nature. * Period: 1760's-90's. Tiro, Karim M. “"THIS DISH IS VERY GOOD": REFLECTIONS ON AN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY ITALIAN ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE IROQUOIS.” New York History 2003 84(4): 409-430. Abstract: One of three articles in this issue of New York History on Europeans in post-Revolutionary Iroquoia, details the reactions of Italian count Paolo Andreani to his experiences in the Oneida country of New York in 1790. As with most travelers through Iroquoia, Andreani characterized much of what he saw as simple and ignorant, including tribal rituals. However, despite his lack of understanding, his journals, written from the perspective of an "objective" natural historian, add many details to the study of Iroquois society during the period. * Period: 1790. Smith, Amy Elizabeth. “TOBIAS SMOLLETT AND THE MALEVOLENT PHILIP THICKNESSE: TRAVEL NARRATIVES, PUBLIC RHETORIC, AND PRIVATE LETTERS.” Huntington Library Quarterly 2003 66(3-4): 349-372. Abstract: Examines three travel narratives and an attack on Tobias Smollett's Travels through France and Italy (1766) written by Philip Thicknesse (1719-92) and studies the differences between Thicknesse's private and published letters. Travel narratives utilized the epistolary form in describing the author's experiences. In Observations on the Customs and Manners of the French Nation (1766), Useful Hints to Those Who Make the Tour of France (1768), and A Year's Journey (1777), Thicknesse lambasted Smollett's failure to appreciate social class in his French travels, issues of English patriotism, and French religious fanaticism. Yet Thicknesse toned down his published epistolaries, as evidenced by comparing the same incidents as described in his private correspondence. The article suggests reading Smollett's, Thicknesse's, and Laurence Sterne's travel narratives to gain a better understanding of their contemporary context. * Period: 1760's-70's. Fesche, Charles-Felix-Pierre; Patel, Sandhya, transl. “CHARLES-FELIX-PIERRE FESCHE'S JOURNAL OF NAVIGATION: WRITTEN ABOARD THE "BOUDEUSE," AND WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE ISLAND NAMED NEW CYTHERA.” Journal for Maritime Research [Great Britain] 2003. Abstract: Charles-Felix-Pierre Fesche was a volunteer who sailed aboard the French frigate Boudeuse, commanded by Louis-Antoine de Bougainville (1729-1811), on a voyage of exploration to the Pacific. The vessel left Brest on 4 October 1766 and reached New Cythera (Tahiti) on 2 April 1768. In this translated extract from his journal, Fesche describes the people, geography, economy, agriculture, religion, and social practices of Tahiti. He also describes in detail incidents that occurred between the islanders and the crew of the French ship. Before leaving the island, Bougainville claimed Tahiti for the French crown. * Period: 1768. Williams, Glyn. “GEORGE ANSON'S VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD: THE MAKING OF A BEST-SELLER.” Princeton University Library Chronicle 2003 64(2): 288-312. Abstract: A Voyage around the World (1748), Admiral George Anson's account of his naval circumnavigation of the globe in the years 1740-44, was undoubtedly written by mathematician and political polemicist Benjamin Robins. The last of several books recounting the events of a long and dangerous, but ultimately successful, sea voyage, it became a best-seller. * Period: 1739-48. Nayar, Pramod K. “THE "DISCOURSE OF DIFFICULTY": ENGLISH WRITING AND INDIA, 1600-1720.” Prose Studies [Great Britain] 2003 26(3): 357-394. Abstract: Early English travel writing on India conceived of India as a difficult space as a preliminary to interpreting it. This "discourse of difficulty," which used a range of features from the aesthetic of the sublime, first intensified Indian dangers and subsequently demystified India in an assertion of rhetorical control over vastness and difficulty. The article suggests that the tropes of later, 18th-century colonial writing on India can also be situated within the discursive operations of the sublime aesthetic in numerous 17th-century travelogs. * Period: 1600-1720. Lang, William L. “WATER TRAILS.” Pacific Historical Review 2002 71(4): 663-668. Abstract: Examines three books on waterborne travel in America between the 18th and 20th centuries: Philip L. Fradkin's Wildest Alaska: Journeys of Great Peril in Lituya Bay (2001), William Least Heat-Moon's River Horse: The Logbook of a Boat across America (1999), and Jonathan Raban's Passage to Juneau: A Sea and Its Meanings (1999). These books fulfill the ideals of good travel journalism by melding history with detailed consideration of the environment. More importantly, they use the past to focus on the present and in so doing express a yearning for a less-compromised environment. * Period: 18c-20c. Mazower, Mark. “TRAVELLERS AND THE ORIENTAL CITY, C. 1840-1920.” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society [Great Britain] 2002 12: 59-111. Abstract: Discusses the depiction of the Greek city of Salonika, at that time a part of the Ottoman Empire, by European travelers in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Steamships and railroads brought many European visitors to Salonika, as evidenced in travel accounts and handbooks of the period. The city was pluralistic, composed of Muslims, Orthodox Christians, and Jews, and multilingual, with speakers of Turkish, Greek, Armenian, Italian, and Bulgarian. It was a site of classical antiquities (the Arch of Constantine and the Incantadas caryatids), a site of St. Paul's preaching in the early Christian era, and an attraction for artists, with Mount Olympus in view. The exotic romance of the 1879 novel Aziyade by Pierre Loti (pseudonym for Julien Viaud) enticed readers, many of whom later visited the city as World War I soldiers. * Period: ca 1840-1920. Green, Nancy L. “THE COMPARATIVE GAZE: TRAVELERS IN FRANCE BEFORE THE ERA OF MASS TOURISM.” French Historical Studies 2002 25(3): 423-440. Abstract: Examines early accounts of visitors to France [British agriculturalist Arthur Young (1741-1820), American medical student Jonathan Mason Warren (1811-67), and novelist Edith Wharton (1862-1937)] and asks questions about the ways in which travel and cross-cultural study yield inherently comparative tales that often tell as much about the traveler's home as about the foreign country. This first element of analysis is fundamentally spatial, comparing home and abroad. Second, knowledge about a place visited is also embedded in the particular reason for the journey itself. Third, the comparative perspective is also affected by the length of stay. Both self-knowledge and formal research are activities of continual knowledge accretion. First impressions of space and place are constantly revised along with the accumulation of knowledge and information. Travel thus provides both a spatial and temporal comparative vision. * Period: 1787-1919. Coleman, Simon. “FROM THE SUBLIME TO THE METICULOUS: ART, ANTHROPOLOGY AND VICTORIAN PILGRIMAGE TO PALESTINE.” History and Anthropology [Great Britain] 2002 13(4): 275-290. Abstract: British Protestant travelers and artists visiting the Holy Land in the Victorian and immediate post-Victorian periods combined a realist and scientific portrayal of the landscape, a desire to communicate the spiritual experience of "seeing what Jesus saw" to readers and viewers, and a wish to combat Catholic and Orthodox representations of the land and the biblical story. The combination of realism and Protestant proselytism is particularly evident in the works of William Holman Hunt and other less prominent painters and of travelers who described features familiar from the Bible in realistic terms while taking the reader on a religious journey - relegating the local inhabitants to insignificance. These representations of Palestine draw attention to the connections between art and early anthropology and anthropologists' use of visual metaphor and conflation of cognitive and geographical landscapes. * Period: ca 1830-1914. Warzeski, Jeanne-Marie. “MAPPING THE UNKNOWN: GENDERED SPACES AND THE ORIENTAL OTHER IN TRAVELOGUES OF EGYPT BY U.S. WOMEN, 1854-1914.” History and Anthropology [Great Britain] 2002 13(4): 301-317. Abstract: American women traveling to Egypt as tourists, archaeologists, and missionaries in the late 19th century for the most part reflected the dominant Orientalist discourse, while also demonstrating a specifically "feminine" perspective by paying greater attention to domestic details and clothing. Tourists relied on guidebooks and talked of the "unchanging Orient" out of the Arabian Nights, while women pursuing careers in the new discipline of Egyptology and archaeology identified with their male counterparts and adopted the language of colonialism and the "civilizing mission." Women missionaries, who often spent many years in Egypt, presented a more complex picture and disclosed a wide range of views, from outright rejection of the "Other" to more sympathetic representations based on extensive eyewitness observation. * Period: 1854-1914. Gillespie, Greg. “"I WAS WELL PLEASED WITH OUR SPORT AMONG THE BUFFALO": BIG-GAME HUNTERS, TRAVEL WRITING, AND CULTURAL IMPERIALISM IN THE BRITISH NORTH AMERICAN WEST, 1847-72.” Canadian Historical Review [Canada] 2002 83(4): 555-584. Abstract: Examines British cultural imperialism at work in the mid-19th-century British North American West. By analyzing how British big-game hunters brought their culturally mediated perspectives to bear on the colonial landscape, the article examines the way they used their travel and exploration narratives to express imperialist ideology. * Period: 1847-72. Skrine, Peter. “HEROES OR VILLAINS? BRITISH TRAVELLERS' IMPRESSIONS OF GERMANY IN THE EARLY VICTORIAN PERIOD.” Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester [Great Britain] 2002 84(3): 125-139. Abstract: From about 1825 to roughly 1850, there were a great many English visitors to Germany, mostly for pleasure. They found beauty (in places like the Rhine River Valley), role models, literary works, and uncomfortable beds, which various commentators suggested was a source of the nightmarish nature of some German literature. Travel in Germany even provided elements of an education to some British travelers. * Period: 1825-50. Sidorko, Clemens P. “NINETEENTH CENTURY GERMAN TRAVELOGUES AS SOURCES ON THE HISTORY OF DAGHESTAN AND CHECHNYA.” Central Asian Survey [Great Britain] 2002 21(3): 283-299. Abstract: Discusses three German travel accounts of life in the Caucasus by Friedrich von Bodenstedt (1819-92), a poet who was a teacher in Tiflis, 1843-45; Moritz Wagner (1813-87), a publicist who led a Berlin Academy of Sciences expedition in the Caucasus, 1843-46; and Karl Koch (1809-59), a scientist who led expeditions in the Caucasus, 1836-38 and 1842-44. The article compares their views on the Russians, the Caucasian mountain peoples, colonialism, Muridism (Islamic reform led by the Naqshbandi Sufi movement), and Islamic rebel leader Shamil. The sources provide information on the European mentality, ethnic conditions in the Caucasus, and the historical background. * Period: 1840's. Bailey, Brigitte. “GENDER, NATION, AND THE TOURIST GAZE IN THE EUROPEAN "YEAR OF REVOLUTIONS": KIRKLAND'S HOLIDAYS ABROAD.” American Literary History 2002 14(1): 60-82. Abstract: Caroline Kirkland's Holidays Abroad: Or, Europe from the West (1849) is representative of travel writing by American women tourists traveling to Europe and their marked fascination with Italy and France, even in the revolutionary disturbances of 1848. Kirkland also edited the Union Magazine of Literature and Art during the late 1840's. Her travel writing helped the aspiring middle class acquire culture. The periodical press shaped how Americans viewed the 1848 revolution in France and the unification movement in Italy, as well as reproducing American paintings of Italy, such as those of Thomas Cole. Through other women, those at home could see women's lives in other countries. * Period: 1849. Download 0.71 Mb. Share with your friends:
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