Tights in Flight: a quantitative Deconstruction of Super-Masculinity in American Comic Books



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References


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Appendices:

Appendix A: Annotated Instrument


Title: Brightest Day, Avengers, New Avengers, Batman & Robin, Green Lantern, Amazing Spiderman, Wolverine

Issue Number:

Date of Publication:

Publishing Company: DC (38.4 %, n=53), Marvel (61.6%, n=85)

Character Information:

Check appropriate box or write on appropriate line.
Character Name: ___________________________________


Sex

Male

103 (74.6%)



Female

34 (24.6%)



Other:

1 (.7%)





Race

Stated:

Egyptian: 4 (2.9%)

Alien: 15 (10.9%)

Unstated: 119 (86.2%)



Apparent:

White: 90 (65.2%)

Black: 7 (5.1%)

Asian: 3 (2.2%)

Mutant: 8 (5.8%)

Alien: 23 (16.7%)

Demon: 1 (.7%)

Unknown: 6 (4.3%)






Age

Stated:

Infant: 1 (.7%)

Child: 1 (.7%)

Old Age: 1 (.7%)

Unstated: 135 (97.8%)


Apparent:

Infant: 1 (.7%)

Child: 0

Adolescent: 4 (2.9%)

Young Adult: 13 (9.4%)

Adult: 96 (69.6%)

Middle Age: 12 (8.7 %)

Old Age: 8 (5.8%)

Incomprehensible: 4 (2.9%)





BIG-O Rating

Thin: 36 (26.1%)

Moderate: 5 (3.6)

Overweight: 4 (2.9%)

Extreme: 28 (20.3%)

Steroid: 22 (15.9%)

N/A: 43 (31.2%)





Sexual Orientation

Heterosexual

54 (39.1%)



Homosexual

0


Bisexual

0


Other:

Unknown

84 (60.9%)






Prominence

Major

27 (19.6%)



Minor

111 (80.4%)






Super-power

Physical

27 (19.6%)



Physical & Nonphysical

11 (8%)


Nonphysical

35 (25.4%)



Unknown

27 (19.6%)



None

38

(27.5%)




Attainment of Favorable Outcomes:

Keep track with tally marks, indicate total when finished.


Outcome

Tally

Total

Defeats Opponent:

None:


Low:

Moderate:

High:

Extreme:




111 (80.4%)

20 (14.5%)

3 (2.2%)


0

4 (2.9%)


Escapes Opponent:

None:


Low:

Moderate:

High:

Extreme:




107 (77.5%)

30 (21.7%)

1 (.7%)


0

0


Obtains Information:

None:


Low:

Moderate:

High:

Extreme:




100 (72.5%)

32 (23.2%)

0

2 (1.4%)



4 (2.9%)

Romantic Encounter:

None:


Low:

Moderate:

High:

Extreme:




131 (94.9%)

6 (4.3%)

1 (.7%)


0

0


Rescues Others:

None:


Low:

Moderate:

High:

Extreme:




129 (93.5%)

5 (3.6%)

3 (2.2%)


1 (.7%)

0


Other:

None:


Low:

Moderate:

High:

Extreme:




116 (84.1%)

15 (10.9%)

4 (2.9%)


2 (1.4%)

1 (.7%)

Additional Comments:
Romantic Partnerships:

Keep track with tally marks, indicate total when finished.


Romantic Partners

Tally

Total

With Male:

Low (none):

Moderate:

High:




127 (92%)

10 (7.2%)

1 (.7%)


With Female:

Low (none):

Moderate:

High:




131 (94.9%)

6 (4.3%)

High: 1 (.7%)



With Other:

Low (none):

Moderate:

High:




138 (100%)

0

0



Additional Comments:
Sexual Interest:

Keep track with tally marks, indicate total when finished.


Expression of Sexual Interest

Verbal

Physical

Mental

Overall

Towards Male:

None:


Low:

Moderate:

High:

Extreme:


133 (96.4%)

4 (2.9%)

1 (.7%)


0

0


133 (96.4%)

3 (2.2%)

0

1 (.7%)



1 (.7%)

137 (99.3%)

1 (.7%)

0

0



0

130 (94.2%)

5 (3.6%)

1 (.7%)


0

2 (1.4%)


Towards Female:

None:


Low:

Moderate:

High:

Extreme:


133 (96.4%)

3 (2.2%)

2 (1.4%)


0

0


134 (97.1%)

1 (.7%)

2 (1.4%)


0

1 (.7%)


135 (97.8%)

2 (1.4%)
0

0

1 (.7%)



129 (93.5%)

3 (2.2%)

2 (1.4%)


2 (1.4%)

2 (1.4%)


Towards Other:

None:


Low:

Moderate:

High:

Extreme:


None: 138 (100%)

Low: 0

Moderate: 0



High: 0

Extreme: 0



None: 138 (100%)

Low: 0

Moderate: 0



High: 0

Extreme: 0



None: 138 (100%)

Low: 0 Moderate: 0

High: 0


Extreme: 0

None: 138 (100%)

Low: 0 Moderate: 0

High: 0


Extreme: 0

Additional Comments:




Reception of Sexual Interest

Verbal

Physical

Mental

Overall

From Male:

None:


Low:

Moderate:

High:

Extreme:



135 (97.8%)

2 (1.4%)


1 (.7%)

0

0


134 (97.1%)

2 (1.4%)

1 (.7%)


0

1 (.7%)

136 (98.6%)

2 (1.4%)


0

0

0


130 (94.2%)

5 (3.6%)

2 (1.4%)


0

1 (.7%)


From Female:

None:


Low:

Moderate:

High:

Extreme:



133 (96.4%)

2 (1.4%)


2 (1.4%)

1 (.7%)


0

134 (97.1%)

3 (2.2%)

0

0



1 (.7%)

137 (99.3%)

1 (.7%)

0

0



0

130 (94.2%)

5 (3.6%)

1 (.7%)


0

2 (1.4%)


From Other:

None:


Low:

Moderate:

High:

Extreme:



138 (100%)

0

0



0

0

138 (100%)

0

0



0

0: 0

138 (100%)

0

0



0

0

138 (100%)

0

0



0

0

Additional Comments:

Aggression Table:

Keep track with tally marks, indicate total when finished.


Verbal Aggression:

Intimidation

Coercion

Insult

Threat

Specific Physical Threat

Death Threat

Other:





None:

Low:


Moderate:

High:


Extreme:

127
(92%)

10 (7.2%)

1 (.7%)

0

0



136 (96.8%)

0

1 (.7%)



1 (.7%)

0


105 (76.1%)

15 (10.9%)

9 (6.5%)

2 (1.4%)


7 (5.1%)

120 (87%)

13 (9.4%)

3 (2.2%)

1 (.7%)


1 (7.%)

130 (95.7%)

6 (4.3%)


1 (.7%)

1 (.7%)


0

132 (95.7%)

5 (3.6%)


1 (.7%)

0

0



133 (96.4%)

5 (3.6%)


0

0

0






Physical Aggression:

Intimidation

Body

Object:


Super Power




None:

Low:


Moderate:

High:


Extreme:

125 (90.6%)

12 (8.7%)

1 (.7%)

0

0



111 (80.4%)

19 (13.8%)

5 (3.6%)

0

3 (2.2%)



120 (87%)

9 (6.5%)


7 (5.1%)

1 (.7%)


1 (.7%)

107 (77.5%)

12 (8.7%)

3 (2.2%)

8 (5.8%)


8 (5.8%)




Degree:

Obstruction of Goal

Physical Restraint

Minor Injury

Major Injury

Incapacitation

Death

None:

Low:


Moderate:

High:


Extreme:

120 (87%)

16 (11.6%)

0

2 (1.4%)


0

112 (81.2%)

16 (11.6%)

4 (2.9%)

3 (2.2%)


3 (2.2%)

110 (79.7%)

18 (13%)


5 (3.6%)

4 (2.9%)


1 (.7%)

120 (87%)

15 (10.9%)

2 (1.4%)

1 (.7%)


0

122 (88.4%)

13 (9.4%)

1 (.7%)

0

2 (1.4%)



127 (92%)

6 (4.3%)


2 (4.3%)

1 (.7%)


2 (1.4%)

Sexual Aggression:

Forced Nudity

Forced Sexual Activity

Other:





None:

Low:


Moderate:

High:


Extreme:

138 (100%)

0

0



0

0


138 (100%)

0

0



0

0


137 (99.3%)

0

0



0

1 (.7%)





Justification:

Self-Defense

Defense of Others

Inflict Harm or Fear

Personal Gain

Other:


Unjustified

None:

Low:


Moderate:

High:


Extreme:

109 (79%)

18 (13%)


6 (4.3%)

2 (1.4%)


3 (2.2%)

111 (80.4%)

19 (13.8%)

2 (1.4%)

3 (2.2%)


3 (2.2%)

122 (88.4%)

9 (6.5%)


4 (2.9%)

1 (.7%)


2 (1.4%)

124 (89.9%)

4 (2.9%)


3 (2.2%)

3 (2.2%)


4 (2.9%)

121 (87.7%)

14 (10.1%)

0

2 (1.4%)


1 (.7%)

126 (91.3%)

11 (5.8%)

0

0

1 (.7%)


Additional Comments:


Humiliation Table:

Keep track with tally marks, indicate total when finished.


Verbal Humiliation:

Intimidation

Coercion

Insult

Threat

Specific Physical Threat

Death Threat

Other:


None:
Low:

Moderate:

High:

Extreme:


129
(93.5%)

8 (5.8%)


1 (.7%)

0

0



134 (97.1%)

2 (1.4%)


2 (1.4%)

0

0



103
(74.6%)

22 (15.9%)

6 (4.3%)

3 (2.2%)


4 (2.9%)

116 (84.1%)

18 (13%)


1 (.7%)

2 (1.4%)


1 (.7%)

130 (94.2%)

6 (4.3%)


1 (.7%)

1 (.7%)


0

130 (94.2%)

6 (4.3%)


2 (1.4%)

0

0



133 (96.4%)

3 (2.2%)


1 (.7%)

1 (.7%)


0

Physical Humiliation:

Intimidation

Body

Object:


Super Power




None:

Low:


Moderate:

High:


Extreme:

128 (92.8%)

9 (6.5%)


0

0

1 (.7%)



115 (83.3%)

17 (12.3%)

4 (2.9%)

0

2 (1.4%)



118 (85.5%)

13 (9.4%)

2 (1.4%)

2 (1.4%)


3 (2.2%)

91 (65.9%)

34 (24.6%)

5 (3.6%)

5 (3.6%)


3 (2.2%)




Degree:

Obstruction of Goal

Physical Restraint

Minor Injury

Major Injury

Incapacitation

Death

None:

Low:


Moderate:

High:


Extreme:

122 (88.4%)

13 (9.4%)

0

1 (.7%)


2 (1.4%)

99 (71.7%)

24 (17.4%)

6 (4.3%)

5 (3.6%)


4 (2.9%)

109 (79%)

24 (17.4%)

4 (2.9%)

0

1 (.7%)



119 (86.2%)

17 (12.3%)

2 (1.4%)

0

0



114 (82.6%)

20 (14.5%)

2 (1.4%)

1 (.7%)


1 (.7%)

128 (92.%)

10 (7.2%)

0

0

0



Sexual Humiliation:

Forced Nudity

Forced Sexual Activity

Other:





None:

Low:


Moderate:

High:


Extreme:

138 (100%)

0

0



0

0


138 (100%)

0

0



0

0


137 (99.3%)

0

0



0

1 (.7%)




Additional Comments:




Appendix B: Annotated Instrument


Title: Brightest Day, Avengers, New Avengers, Batman & Robin, Green Lantern, Amazing Spiderman, Wolverine

Issue Number:

Date of Publication:

Publishing Company: DC (30.4%, n=41), Marvel (69.6%, n=94)

Frame Assessment Table:

Keep track with tally marks, indicate total when finished.


Page Number:


Male

Female

Other:


Passive

87

15

14

Total

75 percent

12.9 percent

12.1 percent

Active

16

3

0

Total

84.2 percent

15.8 percent

0 percent

Central

86

15

2

Total

83.5 percent

14.6 percent

1.9 percent

Peripheral

17

3

12

Total

53.1 percent

9.4 percent

37.5 percent

Additional Comments:









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