Representations K
Representations of conflict and suffering solidfy a dehumanizing frame of policy making towards Africa. Focus onhyperbolic imagery ensures a relationship based on dependency and exploitation- the result is a continent invisible to the public.
James Wallace, 2005 (hollerafrica.com/ShowArticle .php?artId=101&catId=1
When we think… the ideology of the dominant forces
Negative imaging has been at the root of history's worst atrocities- positing US aid as necessary normalizes violence and stiprs entire peoples of their dignity
Rotimi Sankore 2005 (http://www.bond.org.uk/netowrke r/2005/april05/opinion.htm
For decades, development.. define their future.
Reject the 1ac's negative, sensationalized representatiosn of Sub-Saharan Africa in favor of positive representations.
This representational focus produces a full, proper counter-image of Africa
Daniel Mezzana, 2005 ("A cancerous Image", http://www.africansocieites .org/n4/eng/Dossier.htm)
The literature reported… occurring in the continent.
China DA:
A. There's A window for collaboration in Africa. Public health assistance jumps out in front of consensus building and crushes collaboration—causing US-Sino Conflict
Gill, 2007 (Bates, "China's Expanding Role in Africa: Implications for the United States", A Report of the CSIS Delegation to China on China-Africa-US Relations, January, http://www.csis.org/media/csis /ubs/chinainafrica.pdf)
First and most importantly… workforce shortages better.
B.US involvement in sub-Saharan Africa causes China perception of oil competition – causes political tension and escalates to war
Peter Hatemi 2007 ("Oil and Conflict in Sino American Relations", Chian Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)
As China's petroleum... serious geo-strategic conflict.
C. Nuclear Holocaust
Johnson, 5-14-01 (Chalmers, "Time to Bring the Troops Home," The Nation, Volume 272)
China is another matter… virtually no deterrent effect
Rowland Hall St Marks BL – Affirmative – Spivak/Debate Bad
Billions are affected everyday by the lack of access to adequate healthcare. Sub-Saharan Africa has been delegated to the periphery of Western consideration, with devastating consequences.
Gandy, 2k5
www.plosmedicine.org
“the world is now experiencing the most profound public health………..the global politics of public health”
The other’spermanent lack of health care is directly linked to the exclusionary nature of modern population governance
Gandy, 2k5
www.plosmedicine.org
“in order to understand better the political dynamics……….no value within the global economy”
Even our best intentions are inevitably enmeshed in the ongoing logic of colonialism and cultural imperialism. The more benevolent our purpose, the more subtly this logic becomes a normalized part of our relationship with the Other.
Kapoor, 2k4
“Hyper-self-reflexive development? Spival on representing the Third World ‘Other’”
Spivak underlines how we cannot encounter the Third World today……….the world is not to be fully global’
Our representations of the Third World is constantly informed by our institutional position. We create the subaltern as something that we can recognize, comprehend, and control
Kapoor
Of course, the above critique is not meant to pose as a…..we want to know it and control it.
Traditional approaches to the resolution beg us to locate ourselves outside of post-coloniality, in order to act as saviors to the Third World. This positioning allows us to duck our complicity in domination, and simultaneously claim to innocently represent the Other
Kapoor 2k4
But Spivak is quick to examine the other side of the equation. She reproaches Western researchers/academics for something……own ability to speak and be heard’
As such, perhaps the most important thing that we can do is be self reflexive about the institution that defines our knowledge and relationship to the subaltern; namely, debate. Our institution insist that we confront our representations of Otherness. THe problem is that all too often, we simplify this incredibly complex and diverse questions of differences into something the westnern imagination can quickly and esily comprehend. Either blindly insisting on “strait up’ policy stype with all tosrts of great essentialist solutions to the healthcare crisis in Africa; or we go K style, and try to distance ourselves from the social institutions that regulate and define existence. Both seem to either ignore or outright deny our complicity in a history of domination over the subaltern. Its almost as if the only true universal is the delpolyment of univeralsim
The question then is whether we recognize the way our rezolusiton and our activiey speaks to us, or chooses to passively accept the hierarchical representations and relationship with differene that our activyt ensures.
We affirm our resolution.
THe nature of the activity is to take difference and convert it into a commodity that can be quickly disseminated and understood. But our argument is not that debate is ‘bad’. We are as seduced by the acvitity as everyone else is, and that nothing else that compartes to this fourum for politial edu. Our arugment is that we are all a part of this institution, and as such we are all part of the discourses that it circulatioes and affirms if any of us are truly concerned about afirica and the health of its poupation, then our participation in this aitivy must begin with a criical examination of our relationship with diffence it may never be possible to ‘’accurately’’ represtn differe,nce, but we will always be haunted by domination, colonialism, and global mistery if we continue to view ourselves as a tanspantion window into the epeirnoce of the subaltern.
And to that end, we should affirmt the rez. We are in the beslly of the beast now foalks. We are in the middle o f our institution most protected practive = the debate round. It is only by embrascing the impossible position that this rez puts us in tat we can begin to hold this instutiotn accountable
Kapoor 04
“Taking Derrida’s lead, Spivak insits that deconsturtion….them accoutnale to the subaltnr.
Stepping away from our traditional assumptions about the subaltern and the debate insittiion is an essential steop in any attempt to learn from our encounrters with difference. We should strive for an approach to the problems outlined in the rz that emphasive open dialonge, instead of mastery and domination. In this sense, our affirmation of the rez should be seen as a pre-req for new forms of learnding
Kappor
‘Learning from below’ is a tired and tird formula, particularly………………………….reuqires yoru practice of responsibility as pre-originary right’.
Role of ballot
The ballot plays a cirical role in the way we realte to our institutional practices. It is literally the deciding factor in a system that insists on a competitive clash of knowelge, with the judge using the ballot to determine which type or use of knowege should advance, and ultimate rep the suceess of activity. In mayny ways, the hiarchinzation that this process entails is inev whitn the debate., instu but not make immunte from self rrs.
As a judge, you make investment every time you dip
Voet aff may not rez but offers acknowege relations hip with otherness.
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