Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase public health assistance to topically designated areas, administered through a permanent USAID representative to U.S. Africa Command.
Observation One: Inherency
The DOD’s attempts to achieve interagency cooperation in its African commands is failing
Esquire, 6-27-07, http://www.esquire.com/features/africacommand0707-6
But CJTF-HOA, whose area of responsibility stretched from Sudan down to Kenya, soon evolved into something so much more:… you can say "Black Hawk down."
AFRICOM is failing to effectively incorporate USAID personnel
J. Stephen Morrison, Director, Africa Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, 8-7-07, http://www.liberiaitech.com/theperspective/2007/0807200701.html
Within the State Department and USAID, there is widespread apprehension that AFRICOM will overwhelm…. ranks have been ambivalent and desultory.
. USAID will not provide any funding through AFRICOM
Michael Hess, Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Democracy, Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance USAID 8-1-2007, Senate Testimony, http://www.senate.gov/~foreign/testimony/2007/HessTestimony070801.pdf
We do not envision transferring any funds to the Department of Defense for the conduct of its civilian… overlap or mutually exclusive activities.
AFRICOM will not include health personnel
Ryan Henry, Principle Defense Undersecretary for Policy, 11-14-07, “HEARING OF THE HOUSE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE; SUBJECT: U.S. AFRICA COMMAND,” Federal News Service
REP. DAVIS: And health officials to be part of this mission? Where do you see those… the profile, the probably the more effective you'll be," and that has a lot to do with what our approach is.
USAID’s incorporation into AFRICOM is key to interagency collaboration
Major Patrick N. Kelleher, USMC, is operations officer with 2dForce Service Support Group and formerly was the Commandant of the Marine Corps National Fellow in the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance at the U.S. Agency for International Development, Autumn 2002, “Crossing Boundaries Interagency Cooperation and the Military,” Joint Forces Quarterly, p. 107
Though combatant commands develop their theater plans to structure engagement, regional and functional bureaus within USAID… capitalize on comparative advantages, does not make the best use of resources, and could fail to reach strategic objectives.
Incorporation of USAID personnel with the authority to dispense funding is essential for AFRICOM to achieve interagency cooperation
Chad Piacenti, LCDR US Navy, 5-10-2007, “Africa Command: Building a Foundation of Operational Interagency Cooperation,” http://stinet.dtic.mil/, p. 9
Improved interagency planning and decision-making ability. Research clearly shows that interagency… and directing all means toward unity of effort.
The ability to disperse funding is the linchpin key to effective interagency coordination
Lisa Schirch, Associate Professor of Peacebuilding at Eastern Mennonite University and Aaron Kishbaugh, graduate student in the department, 11-15-2006, http://www.fpif.org/fpiftxt/3711
The disparity in resources and size make it challenging for the State Department, USAID, and the many NGOs to act…3D approach should keep development and defense firmly apart from each other in combat operations.
USAID’s resources within AFRICOM are essential to preventing civilian agencies from assuming a junior partnership role
Akwe Amosu, Senior Policy Analyst for Africa at the Washington Office of the Open Society Policy Center, 11-14-07, http://forums.csis.org/africa/?p=71
The Pentagon offers reassurance by insisting that AFRICOM will pursue an integrated policy toward… policy as a result. (See comment by Stewart Patrick at the Center for Global Development.)
Public health assistance is key to selling the military on cooperation: it has a unique capacity to link up with national security perspectives
David Fidler, Professor of Law and Ira C. Batman Faculty Fellow, Indiana University School of Law, 2003, George Washington International Law Review
Section III.B argued that the concept of public health security in the United States reflects the realpolitik perspective on… suggests that public health's best hope rests in liberalism and not more radical theories of human emancipation. This conclusion is basically the one Price-Smith reached in his analysis.
Public health assistance is key to integrating economic, political and security approaches
David P. Fidler, Professor of Law and Ira C. Batman Faculty Fellow, Indiana University School of Law, 2004, McGeorge Law Review
The policy area of public health has experienced a revolution in the past decade. The revolution has not… space within which global health action is conducted.
Increasing public health assistance uniquely creates broad cooperative relationships with other stakeholders
Lawrence O. Gostin et al, Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center; Professor of Law and Public Health, the Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, January 1999, Columbia Law Review
Effective public health policymaking does not exist in a vacuum, nor is it purely a scientific pursuit. It is necessarily influenced not only by biomedical and social science, but also by fiscal concerns, culture, and… stakeholders, and any interaction with legislators is an occasion to get their attention and educate them about public health needs and methods.
Effective interagency coordination in AFRICOM sets precedent for all federal government operations
Chad Piacenti, LCDR US Navy, 5-10-2007, “Africa Command: Building a Foundation of Operational Interagency Cooperation,” http://stinet.dtic.mil/, p. 11-12
3. Capture today’s lessons for tomorrow’s doctrine. If AFRICOM is successful in creating and… and the development of a unified, national doctrine for interagency operations.
An effective AFRICOM structure creates a model for effective U.S. policy
William Whitsitt, Lieutenant Commander, US Navy, 5-10-2007, “U.S. Africa Command: An Opportunity for Effective Interagency Cooperation, http://stinet.dtic.mil/, p. 1
The tribulations Africa faces provide a unique opportunity for the United States to apply a plethora of… and national- strategic success in Africa and globally…. necessarily bring an extra dollar's worth of security.
Interagency cooperation is key to integrated application of U.S. power:
Clark Murdock, et al, a senior adviser in the Center for Strategic and International Studies International Security Program July 2005, “Beyond Goldwater-Nichols: U.S. Government and Defense Reform for a New Strategic Era,” http://www.ndu.edu/library/docs/BeyondGoldwaterNicholsPhase2Report.pdf, p. 44
At the end of the day, unity of effort across the U.S. government is not just about being more efficient or even more… execution will be critical to reducing both the risks of failure and the costs of success.
Effective interagency cooperation is the linchpin to effective U.S. foreign policy
Donald Hurley, Lieutenant Commander USN, is a naval intelligence officer assigned to the joint intelligence staff at the Defense Intelligence Agency and Scott Moore, Major USAF, Air Force special operator assigned to the Future Concepts Branch of the US Special Operations Command, Winter 1998, Parameters, http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/98winter/moore.htm
America's National Security Strategy requires civil and military agencies to work together to accomplish… internally or empowered regionally to coordinate interagency activities within US combatant commands in peacetime or in a crisis.
Ineffective U.S. leadership would leave behind a power vacuum, spurring terrorism, economic turmoil and multiple nuclear wars.
Niall Ferguson, July/August 2004 “A World Without Power,” FOREIGN POLICY Issue 143
B. Terrorism
We are losing the war on terror—the risk will increase in 2008
Ian Bremmer, president of Eurasia Group, January, 18-2008, http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2008/01/a_politicalrisk_outlook_for_20.html
Beyond developments in the United States and the Middle East, terrorism is a more serious macro risk this year. That's true… This makes the broader terrorist threat merit higher concern worldwide.
Terrorists have the means and motive to use WMD
Jill Dekker-Bellamy, Biodefence consultant with the New Defense Agenda, July 2005, Topics in Terrorism: Toward a Transatlantic Consensus on the Nature of the Threat, p. 37, accessed via ciaonet.org
Some factors arguing for a more “serious” risk assessment include: • The stated intent of terrorists to use…– does not appear likely to go into sudden decline.
Interagency cooperation is the only way to win the war on terror
Bruce Hoffman, Senior Scholar at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and Professor at School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, 2-16-2006, http://www.rand.org/pubs/testimonies/2006/RAND_CT255.pdf
The “Long War” posited by the recent Quadrennial Defense Review argues that the U.S. is likely to still be fighting the war on terrorism,… indigenous capabilities in counterterrorism and counterinsurgency will be absolutely fundamental to the success of such a strategy.
WMD terrorism against the U.S. ends the world: It collapses the economy and US heg, and triggers nuclear war with Russia, China and North Korea
Jerome Corsi, PhD from Harvard, 2005, Atomic Iran, 176-178
In the span of less than one hour, the nation’s largest city will have been virtually wiped off the map. Removal of debris will take… paid while the country was still capable of exacting revenge.
C. Iraq
Security gains in Iraq are unsustainable, absent deeper political and development gains
Andrew J. Bacevich, professor of history and international relations at Boston University, 1-20-08, The Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/18/AR2008011802873.html?wpisrc=_rssprint/outlook
Presumably Kagan and his comrades would have us believe that recent events vindicate the prophets who in 2002-03 were promoting… The U.S. dilemma remains unchanged: continue to pour lives and money into Iraq with no end in sight, or cut our losses and deal with the consequences of failure.
An effective model for inter-agency cooperation is key to stabilizing Iraq
Austin Long, adjunct researcher at the RAND Corporation, 1-24-07, http://www.rand.org/commentary/012407WP.html
Teamwork and coordination are vital for success in all sorts of activities — on the athletic field, in business, in government and in war. Yet… get this aspect right will undermine all other efforts, while successful organization will provide benefits at little cost.
Continued Iraqi instability leads to regional war that draws in Russia and China
Douglas Macgregor, retired Army colonel, with the Straus Military Reform Project at the Center for Defense Information, December-12-2007, http://www.cdi.org/program/document.cfm?DocumentID=4159&from_page=../index.cfm
This brings us to the big concern: The unresolved (if not heightened) instability within Iraq could lead to unforeseen… finds itself stuck in the middle of a regional war, with the potential for chaos in Iraq on the rise and Iran's influence in Iraq growing.
D. AFRICOM Effectiveness
Effective interagency coop will be key to AFRICOM’s success
Chad Piacenti, LCDR US Navy, 5-10-2007, “Africa Command: Building a Foundation of Operational Interagency Cooperation,” http://stinet.dtic.mil/, p. 11
In the end, the ability of AFRICOM to leverage expertise both from within and without the U.S…. force multiplier in effectively executing national policy on the continent.
AFRICOM is key to African maritime security
Theresa Whelan, Deputy Assistance Director of Defense for African Affairs, 10-24-07, http://www.defenselink.mil/dodcmsshare/BloggerAssets/2007-10/102407170522Whelan_transcript.pdf
The other thing I think that you will see, which has already begun, is an increased focus on maritime security, which… So that's something I think that is somewhat new in some ways that AFRICOM will be focusing on and that we think is important.
Maritime security is key to the global economy
Geoffrey Till, professor of maritime studies in the Defence Studies Department, King's College London, Autumn 2007, Naval War College Review
Globalization prospers when trade is mutually beneficial and takes place in conditions of order, both on… world ocean. An emerging issue is whether it will eventually monitor naval activity too.
Economic decline leads to nuclear war
Richard C. Cook, 6/14/07, Writer, Consultant, and Retired Federal Analyst – U.S. Treasury Department, "It's Official: The Crash of the U.S. Economy has begun," Global Research, http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=5964
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