Coppell BK – Negative – All Teams

Topicality:

ASPEC

Rotunda ‘1 (Richard, professor of law at the University of Illinois, 18 Const. Commentary 319, “THE COMMERCE CLAUSE, THE POLITICAL QUESTION DOCTRINE, AND MORRISON”, lexis)

The Framers sought to protect liberty by creating a central government of enumerated powers. They divided power between the state and federal governments, and they further divided power within the federal government by splitting it among the three branches of government, and they further divided the legislative power (the power that the Framers most feared) by splitting it between two Houses of Congress. n12
B. Vote Negative:

1. Ground– the agent affects every argument from disads to counterplans generic ground is critical on a broad topic.

Elmore, Professor of public affairs at the University of Washington, 1980. (Political science quarterly, pg. 605)

Analysis of policy choices matters very little if the mechanism for implementing … remaining 90 percent in the realm of implementation.

A. Interpretation – public health assistance is direct disease treatment or prevention.

White House National Security Strategy, 2k (“A NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY FOR A GLOBAL AGE”, http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/nss/nss_dec2000_part2.htm)

Efforts by the United States to foster sustainable development include: • Promoting sound ...

and OECD to raise environmental standards for export credit agencies and international financial institutions.

B. Violation – the affirmative does not directly treat or prevent a disease.

C. Prefer our interpretation: the topic is huge and an expansive notion of public health would mean anything the US does to reduce death in Africa would be topical. Multiply this by 48 countries and the only way the negative even has a fighting chance is to limit the affirmative to a stable plan mechanism that can create good generic ground.

Government to Government

Rothstein ‘2 (Mark, Chair in Health Law and Policy, at Bradeis University School of Law and School of Medicine, Journal of Law, Medicine, and Ethics, Summer, “Rethinking the Meaning of Public Health”, ebsco)

Government intervention as public health. The third conception of public health, and the one I …

such as epidemiology, disease surveillance, and environmental regulation.

Janet Reuben (Sociologist, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Presentation at the Panel on 
Re-thinking African Development
CODESRIA General Assembly Meeting
Nile Hotel, Kampala, Uganda. 
December 2002)

For the records, the number of NGOs in Tanzania is increasing rapidly. According to FES (2000) Between 1961 and 1980, there were only 25 registered NGOs. By 1990 this rose to 41. Between 1990 and 1993 the number rose to 224, and from 1996 there has been more than 6000 registered NGOs. According to the Registrar of Societies, Tanzania had 8499 NGOs as of September 1998. By December 2000, there were more than 10000 registered NGOs (V.P. Office, NGO Calendar).

Sub-Saharan Africa is All

Dawson and Verweij, 07 (Angus, Centre for Professional Ethics, Keele University, and Marcel, Ethics Institute, Utrecht University, “The Meaning of ‘Public’ in ‘Public Health’”, Ethics, Prevention, and Public Health, http://fds.oup.com/www.oup.co.uk/pdf/0-19-929069-5.pdf)

This last dimension of 'public health' has …

health of each member of the public.

The resolution designates the population in question as “Sub Saharan Africa”

Oxford English Dictionary, 1989 (online)

to, prep., conj., adv.

9. Indicating destination, or an appointed or expected end or event. (After ready, prepared, etc., for is now substituted.)

Sub Saharan Africa refers to the region

Princeton University WordNet. 2006 (http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=sub-saharan+africa&r=66

sub-saharan Africa noun the region of Africa to the south of the Sahara Desert
And, substantially is without material qualifications.

Black’s Law Dictionary 1991

[p. 1024]

Substantially - means essentially; without material qualification.

B. VIOLATION – The aff targets an individual country, not the entire population. The only topical affirmative is that which makes assistance available to all members of Sub Saharan Africa who are threatened by a public health problem.

C. VOTE NEG

1. Limits – their interpretation massively increases our research burden – if they can target specific areas within Sub-Saharan Africa, we have to research 48 times as many affs – one for every single country.
2. Ground – it’s impossible for the negative to get generics that link to tiny countries – all the core negative ground like politics and international aid CPs assume generic assistance to Sub-Saharan Africa in general. They don’t have to fiat all 48 countries, but the assistance they provide has to be available to everyone in Sub-Sahara.
3. Potential abuse is a voting issue, their interpretation opens the floodgates and overstretches our research limits

Prevention Not Treatment

Fidler 3 (David P, Professor of Law and Ira C. Batman Faculty Fellow, “ARTICLE: PUBLIC HEALTH AND NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE GLOBAL AGE: INFECTIOUS DISEASES, BIOTERRORISM, AND REALPOLITIK” George Washington International Law Review, 35 Geo. Wash. Int'l L. Rev. 787 Lexis)

Identifying the scope and substance of public health security depends …

protecting populations from health threats.

B. Violation—The plan provides individual medical care.

C. This is a voting issue

1. Limits—Focusing on treatment of individuals explodes the topic—prevention is already extremely broad, involving a wide range of mechanisms, including environmental protection, infrastructure, sanitation, and disease prevention. Adding treatment means we have to also research health care disads, the pharmaceutical industry, or specific disease treatments for every one of a hundred diseases in 48 countries.
2. Ground—prevention cases force the affirmative to take a broad approach to a problem which means bigger disad links—their interpretation allows too many small, single sector or single disease focused cases which mean our links will be overwhelmed by existing aid to Africa