Unit 5 Imperialism ss8 Mrs. Francis
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- Senator Beveridge of Indiana
- Professor William Sumner
- Admiral Alfred T. Mahan
- Hawaii’s former Queen Liliuokalani
- Arguments for United States Imperialism Arguments against United States Imperialism
- Understanding
| Imperialism
After reading the four statements below, suggest a headline in the form of a question that states the issue being considered. Then complete the exercise. 1890-1900 Headline: Senator Beveridge of Indiana: God has not been preparing the English-speaking Anglo-Saxon peoples for a thousand years for nothing but vain and idle self-admiration. No! He has made us the master organizers of the world to establish a system in place of chaos. He has made us skilled in government so that we may manage government among savage and senile peoples. Were it not for such a force as this the world would fall back into barbarism and night. And of all our race, He has marked the American people as His chosen nation to finally lead in the regeneration of the world. Professor William Sumner: We assume that what we like and practice, and what we think better, must come as a welcome blessing to people in other nations that we would control. This is untrue. They hate our ways. They are hostile to our ideas. Our religion, language, institutions, and manners offend them. They like their own ways, and if we appear amongst them as rulers, there will be rebellion. Now the great reason why saying to somebody else, “We know what is good for you better than you know yourself and we are going to make you do it,” is false and wrong is that it violates liberty; or, to turn the same statement into other words, the reason why liberty, of which we Americans talk so much, is a good thing is that means leaving people to live out their own lives in their own way, while we do the same. If we believe in liberty, as an American principle, why do we not stand by it? Why are we going to throw it away to enter upon a policy of control and regulation? Admiral Alfred T. Mahan: Whether they will or not, Americans must now begin to look outward. The growing production of the country demands it. The public demands it. The position of the United States between the two Old Worlds and the two great oceans demands it. The growth of the European colonies in the Pacific, the advancing civilization of Japan, and the rapid peopling of our Pacific states demands it. Therefore we need to build a more powerful navy to protect our harbors and ships and to extend our influence to other parts of the world. Moreover, there are threats to peace all over the world. For example, unsettled political conditions exist in Haiti, Central America, and many of the Pacific Islands, especially the Hawaiian group. Hawaii’s former Queen Liliuokalani: We never through that our friends and allies from the United States would ever go so far as to overthrow our government, to seize our nation by the throat… Who gives the United States this “Right of Conquest,” under which robbers may establish themselves in possession of whatever they are strong enough to take? The question of taking us over is a change from the existing policy of the United States. The native People of Hawaii are faithful to our own chiefs, and are deeply attached to their own customs and government. They either do not understand, or bitterly oppose, this takeover. Oh, honest Americans, hear me for my down-trodden people! Our form of government is as dear to them as yours is precious to you. Quite as warmly as you love your country, so we love ours. With all your goodly possessions, covering a territory so immense that there yet remain parts unexplored, why do you seek our lands, so far from your shores? You will surely be punished if not in your day, then in that of your children, for “be not deceived, God is not mocked.” Exercise: Using the preceding readings, list in the appropriate column below, those arguments favoring and those opposing United States imperialism. Then place an asterick (*) next the strongest argument for and strongest argument against United States imperialism.
Based on what you have read, would you have been a supporter or an opponent of American imperialism at the time these opinions were written? Becoming a World Power Aim: How did the US acquire Alaska and Hawaii? Do Now: Define annex - _____________________________________________________________ HW: Isolationism and Expansionism Isolationism: _______________________________________________________________________ Expansionism: ______________________________________________________________________ Opening trade with Japan ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Treaty of Kanagawa – accepted American demands to help ship wrecked sailors. It also opened two Japanese ports to trade. This launched trade between Japan and the west and made the Japanese aware of the power of the Western industrial nations. The Purchase of Alaska ________________________________________________________________________ William Seward saw Alaska as an important stepping stone for increasing United States commerce in Asia and the Pacific. ________________________________________________________________________ The Purchase was known as Seward’s Folly. Age of Imperialism Period between 1870 and 1914 has been called the Age of Imperialism. The policy of powerful countries seeking to control the economic and political affairs of weaker countries or regions. Reasons for Imperialism The industrial nations of Europe wanted raw materials from Africa and Asia. Many Europeans believed that they had a duty to spread their religion and culture to people who were “less civilized.” A European nation might take over an area just to keep a rival nation from gaining control. Annexing Hawaii By the mid-1800s, Americans had set up large sugar plantations in Hawaii. As the industry grew, the planters forced the Hawaiian King to reduce his power and increase the planters’ power. Liliuokalani resented the power of the planters. US marines arrive to protect American lives. Liliuokalani gave up her throne. ________________________________________________________________________ The Open Door Policy In the late 1800s, Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan carved spheres of influence in China. ________________________________________________________________________ Sec. of State John Hay sent a letter to all nations that had spheres of influence in China – urged an Open Door Policy. ________________________________________________________________________ The Boxer Rebellion The Boxers wanted to get rid of foreigners in China. In 1900 they attacked foreigners all over China – killing over 200. John Hay sent another letter to all nations urging them to respect China’s independence. The United States Acquires Alaska Directions: Fill in the blank spaces in the paragraphs below with the information from the map. The map shows that there are only_________________ miles of water between Alaska and Russia. The body of water between these two land masses is called the ___________________. The Russians took profitable harvests of seal and sea otter furs from Alaskan coastal waters and islands in the years prior to 1860. In 1784, the Russians established a fur-trading settlement on ______________________Island. Then they began trapping on the mainland of Alaska. By 1860, the Russians had killed most of the furbearing animals. Then Russian interest in Alaska began to decline. In 1867, the Russians suddenly offered to sell Alaska to the United States. Secretary of State William Seward was very interested in the offer. However, some people objected to the purchase. They said that Alaska was worthless. They called Alaska “Seward’s Icebox” and the “Polar Bear Garden.” Other people said that the government had no right to buy outside territory. By “outside” they meant that Alaska was not adjacent to the United States. Seward went on a campaign to tell the people and Congress about the value of the territory. He explained that Alaska was a great bargain at only 2 cents an acre for a total of $7,200,000. Alaska was even more of a bargain than Louisiana which had cost about three cents an acre. Seward told about Alaska’s great resources of fish, lumber, and minerals. Then he offered an argument for buying Alaska that was hard to dismiss. “Suppose we did not buy Alaska,” he asked, “would you want some other nation to have it?” Finally, Seward pointed out that since it had been legal by the laws of the country to buy Louisiana, it must also be legal to buy Alaska. The arguments of Seward finally won out. In April, 1867, the United States Senate agreed to the purchase. The purchase of Alaska also included the Aleutian Islands. The United States thus added about 600,000 square miles of land to its territory. Understanding On the map below, circle the Aleutian Islands. The body of water just north of the Aleutian Islands is the Bering Sea. Label the Bering Sea. Why did the Russians lose interest in Alaska? _______________________________________ Briefly list three arguments Seward offered as reasons for buying Alaska. 
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