Unit 5 Imperialism ss8 Mrs. Francis
Provision Foraker Act
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- Statement 1.
- Statement 3. Luis Munoz Rivera, the senior statesman of Puerto Rico
- Statement 2.
- Statement 4. Jose De Diego, a Puerto Rican Leader
- ______________________________________________________
- The Roosevelt Corollary, 1904
- A Mexican Diplomat’s reaction to the Roosevelt Corollary, 1905
- The United States in the Caribbean and Latin America (1895-1916)
Reactions to the Jones Act Statement 1. From a Mainland Newspaper: Puerto Ricans were neither citizens of the United States nor nationals of another country. However, on March 2, 1917, President Wilson signed the Puerto Rican Civil Government Bill making Puerto Ricans citizens of the United States. The new law tries to restore at least a measure of self-government. According to the legislation, every male of twenty one years and over has been given the vote. In addition, the executive council which had been previously appointed by the president of the United States has been replaced by a senate of nineteen members elected by the people of Puerto Rico. Politically, therefore, this new act has improved the political status of the people of Puerto Rico. In appreciation, the legislature of Puerto Rico has set aside a special day to commemorate the passage of this act. Statement 3. Luis Munoz Rivera, the senior statesman of Puerto Rico: It is true that my countrymen have asked for American citizenship. However, we will not accept this bill which gives us second class citizenship. It does not permit our people to control their own resources, nor to share in the vital decisions which will affect their lives. Give us statehood and your glorious citizenship will be welcome to us. If you deny us statehood, we decline your citizenship. Statement 2. From a Mainland Magazine: Not all opinion in the United States endorsed the legislation known as the Jones Act. The Boston Transcript commented: We are not giving Puerto Rico by this law the full status of a territory. The treatment of Puerto Rico by the United States is much worse than its treatment by Spain, for Puerto Rican representatives were seated in the Spanish Parliament on the same terms as representatives from other parts of Spain. In the case of Puerto Rico, therefore, it can be said that we are untrusting of the people of the Island. Statement 4. Jose De Diego, a Puerto Rican Leader: We request American citizenship with all the rights that go with it. This means citizenship with autonomy. And if we would choose between the two, we clearly prefer self-government to American citizenship without self-government. Never before in international law has such a thing been seen in the democratic nations of the world. 1,200,000 human beings, who by the law of the Congress are stripped of their natural citizenship. Puerto Ricans are reduced to the condition of being foreigners in their homeland. What do we learn about the reactions to the Jones Act from these readings? How are the reactions to the Jones Act similar? How are they different? Which seem to be the strongest arguments for supporting the Jones Act? Which seem to be the strongest arguments for opposing the Jones Act? With which person's reactions to the Jones Act would you have agreed most? Facts about Puerto Rico 1. Each fact about Puerto Rico listed below can be placed in a specific category of information. The categories are: *History (H) *Education (E) *Geography and *Government and Climate (GC) Politics (GP) *Industry and *Population (P) Trade (IT) 2. After reading the list, decide which category each fact best fits. Write the letter(s) that represent the category on the line before each listing. The first item has been done to help you get started. ____The United States gained possession of Puerto Rico from Spain as a result of the Spanish American War. ____Because it is not a state, Puerto Rico does not have representatives in Congress who are allowed to vote. ____Puerto Ricans make three times more money from manufacturing than from agriculture. ____Puerto Rico’s most important exports are manufactured goods such as chemicals, machinery, clothing, and pharmaceuticals (medicine products). ____About 30,000 Arawak Indians lived on the island of Puerto Rico at the time it was discovered. ____Puerto Ricans may vote in United States presidential elections if they live in a state. ____The University of Puerto Rico has an enrollment of more than 25,000 students. ____In the early fall, Puerto Rico is often hit by hurricanes. ____Beginning in 1511, Africans were brought to the island to work as slaves for the Spaniards. ____Toward the end of the 16th century, the British tried to take the Puerto Rico from the Spaniards; however, their efforts failed. ____New York city has a greater Puerto Rican population than any city in Puerto Rico itself. ____In 1952, Puerto Rico became a self-governing commonwealth. ____In 1625, the Dutch tried to take Puerto Rico, but, like the British before them, they also failed. ____Puerto Rico is about one half the size of New Jersey. ____Columbus discovered Puerto Rico in 1493 on his second voyage of discovery. ____In 1873, the Spanish government abolished slavery in Puerto Rico. ____When the United States took over Puerto Rico, only about 20% of its 900,000 people could read or write. In 1992, about 90% of the population could do so. ____Puerto Rico has high central mountains with many small rivers flowing from them. ____Spanish is spoken in Puerto Rican schools, however, starting in first grade, English is also taught. ____Puerto Ricans do not pay income taxes to the United States government even though they are US citizens. ____San Juan, Puerto Rico’s capital, has a population of about 400,000. ____About 85% of the things Puerto Rico buys from other countries are bought from the United States. ____In 2014, Puerto Rico had a population of about 4,000,000. ____As a result of a mild climate, Puerto Rico’s main crops are sugar, bananas, coffee, tobacco, pineapples and oranges. ____In 1990, more than 155,000 Puerto Ricans were attending colleges and universities. ____The United States buys about 90% of all Puerto Rican exports. ____Puerto Rico is about 100 miles from east to west, and about 35 miles from north to south. ____About 18% of Puerto Rican workers are in manufacturing and about 3% work in agriculture. ____About 20% of Puerto Rico’s land is covered by forest. ____In November 1993, Puerto Ricans voted to decide the future of their government. The election was close: 48.4% for Puerto Rico to remain a commonwealth, 46.2% to become a state, 4.4% to become independent. Aim: Was the US responsible for helping less developed nations? Do Now: Does the US get too involved today? HW: Study for quiz Relations with Latin America ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ José Martí believed the real desire of the US was to achieve “ an era of United States dominion over the nations of America.” The Panama Canal ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Roosevelt offered $10 million cash plus $250,000 a year rent to Colombia for the strip of land. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Revolution in Panama “Speak softly and carry a big stick, and you will go far.” ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1903- Panama declares independence. Building the Canal ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Gorgas won the battle against the mosquitoes by 1906. George Goethals supervised the job of removing more than 200 million cubic yards of earth. Controlling the Canal _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1936- annual payments to Panama increased to $430,000. 1955- payments increased to $2 million a year. 1991- The Panama Canal Commission approved a project to widen a part of the canal to allow for 2 way traffic. Began in 1992 should take 20 years. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Policing Latin America Policy of intervening in Latin America to settle disputes and disturbances. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Most Latin Americans strongly resented this interference. Dollar Diplomacy ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Better to use trade than warships to expand American influence in Latin America. Investors helped build roads, railroads, and harbors in Latin America. Wilson and Moral Diplomacy Wilson disliked the foreign policy of his predecessors. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Wilson ordered military intervention in Latin America more than any prior president. Relations with Mexico 1910- Mexicans rebelled against their president- Díaz. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1914- US troops go into Mexico to help. 1916- Pancho Villa‘s soldiers killed 17 Americans. US goes in to capture Villa but fails. US withdraws in 1917. Questions to answer Why did the United States build the Panama Canal? What policies did the United States adopt toward Latin America? What impact did the US have on other nations? What were the intentions of the US Presidents during this time of imperialism? Review for Quiz Basic Causes- ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Immediate – De Lome letter, Sinking of the Maine, Yellow Journalism Economic Impact – __________________________________________________________________ Teller Amendment – US would not annex Cuba Rule over Puerto Rico – ______________________________________________________________ Boxer Rebellion – ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Foraker Act – ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Moral Diplomacy – Wilson’s plan – condemn imperialism, promote peace and democracy Platt Amendment – ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sphere of influence – ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yellow Journalism – ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Roosevelt Corollary In 1823, President James Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine, which told other world powers that they would not be permitted to interfere with affairs in the Western Hemisphere. In 1904, President Theodore Roosevelt issued the following corollary (conclusion or result), which he said logically grew out of the Monroe Doctrine. A Mexican diplomat’s reaction follows. The Roosevelt Corollary, 1904 It is not true that the United States feels any hunger for land. Its only desire with regard to the countries of the Western Hemisphere is to keep them stable, orderly, and prosperous. Any country whose people conduct themselves well, keeps order, and pays its obligations, fears no interference from the United States. Constant wrongdoing, or an inability to bring order to its country, may force the United States, however reluctantly, to use its international police power. We would interfere with our southern neighbors only in the last resort, and only if it became evident that they either would not or could not do justice at home and abroad, inviting aggression from another country. A Mexican Diplomat’s reaction to the Roosevelt Corollary, 1905 No document has proven more harmful to the position of the United States in the Western Hemisphere than the Roosevelt Corollary. No United States action could be more hateful to Latin Americans- not even imperialism. This was imperialism without military glamour. To justify United States interference in the Dominican Republic, Roosevelt has interfered to protect: interfered to prevent others from so doing. It is “Invasion for Protection.” What did the Roosevelt Corollary say? According to the Roosevelt Corollary, why was United States interference in the Caribbean and Latin America justified? What does Roosevelt mean when he says that the United States has "international police power"? What did the Mexican diplomat say? Why did the diplomat believe the Roosevelt Corollary hurt the United States position in Latin America? Why does the Mexican diplomat say that the Roosevelt Corollary stood for “Invasion for Protection"? The United States in the Caribbean and Latin America (1895-1916) 
What do we learn about the United States role in the Caribbean 1895-1916from this worksheet? If you were a citizen of one of the Caribbean nations in which the United States became involved, how would you have reacted to United States actions in your country? On what grounds would such involvement on the part of the United States have been justified? Do you think United States actions in the Caribbean described on this worksheet were justified? 
Directions: Use your notes to complete the chart to determine whether the United States helped or hurt other nations/territories during the period of Imperialism.
Topic: Roosevelt and the Panama Canal AIM: Could Roosevelt have used other means to get the canal built? DO NOW: Why would the US need the Panama Canal? HW : Defender of helpless Countries Pretended to help Cuba win freedom Seized Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines “Opened” Japan to trade Declared an Open door policy in China Insisted on a Close door policy in Latin America Engineered a revolution against Colombia, creating an “independent” state of Panama America as a World Power An expanded navy was needed to defend overseas colonies and markets ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Acquiring and then defending the Panama Canal and American possessions involved the US more deeply in affairs overseas. Questions to Answer What role did the US play in Latin America? What was the intent of the US in its foreign policy? Why was the Panama Canal so important to Teddy Roosevelt? Did he use an undesirable method of gaining control of the canal?  
The Roosevelt Corollary Directions: Use the following points from the Roosevelt Corollary to create a political cartoon of your own. It is the right of the United States to exercise international police power. It is the right of the United States to interfere in the economic matters of any nation in the Americas that cannot manage them. 
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