1. *Wal-Mart Stores



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1. *Wal-Mart Stores (1)
Walton/Bentonville, Ark.
Industry: Discount retail chain
Founded: 1962
Revenues: $244.5 billion
Employees: 1.4 million
www.walmartstores.com
From single store in Arkansas in 1962, founder Sam Walton (d. 1992) and younger brother James L. (Bud) built Wal-Mart into world’s largest retailer, with about 4,700 stores today (bigger than Sears, Kmart and J.C. Penney combined). Sam’s descendants own about 38%. Sam’s son Robson, 59, is now chairman.

2. *Ford Motor Co. (2)
Ford/Dearborn, Mich.
Industry: Auto manufacturer
Founded: 1903
Revenues: $163.4 billion
Employees: 350,321
www.ford.com
Pioneering auto firm now in fourth generation. Henry Ford (1863-1947) introduced mass production and dominated early auto market with Model T. His grandson Henry II (1917-1987) rebuilt company as CEO, 1960-1980, with younger brother William (retired 1995) as finance committee chairman. William’s son William Jr., chairman since 1999, acquired Volvo Cars. Ford family still owns about 40% of voting stock.

3. *Samsung (3)
Lee/Seoul, South Korea
Industry: Conglomerate
Founded: 1938
Revenues: $98.7 billion
Employees: 175,000
www.samsung.com
Thanks to recent turnaround, now the largest chaebol (family conglomerate) in South Korea. Flagship Samsung Electronics division is one of world’s largest makers of computer memory chips; also makes home electronics equipment, mobile phones, microwave ovens, etc. Other divisions deal in life insurance, securities, trading. Lee family controls about 22%.

4. LG Group (4)
Koo, Huh/Seoul, South Korea
Industry: Conglomerate
Revenues: $81 billion
Employees: 130,000
www.lg.co.kr
LG Group (formerly Lucky Goldstar) is one of the five chaebol (family-run industrial groups) in South Korea. With operations in more than 120 countries, the group organizes its principal activities into chemicals and energy (LG Chemical, Korea's largest chemical company), electronics and telecommunications (LG Electronics, one of the largest consumer electronics firms in Korea), financial services (LG Investment & Securities), and trading and service (LG International). Currently being reorganized because of the nation’s financial collapse. Koo and Huh families own about 59%.

5. *Carrefour Group (5)
Defforey/Paris, France
Industry: Retailing
Revenues: $72.035 billion
Employees: 396,662
www.carrefour.com
Europe’s largest retailer operates hypermarkets (groceries, merchandise), supermarkets and discount and convenience stores—9,500 all told—in 30 countries. The name means “crossroads.” Some 60 members of Defforey family hold controlling stock.

6. *Fiat Group (7)
Agnelli/Turin, Italy
Industry: Automobiles
Revenues: $61.014 billion
Employees: 186,492
www.fiatgroup.com
Century-old auto company famous for producing Fiat and sports cars Alfa Romeo, Ferrari, Maserati; expanded into construction equipment, insurance, aviation, publishing. Founding Agnelli family owns about 30%. Third-generation leader Giovanni (“Gianni”) Agnelli still honorary chairman. But 1998 death of his heir-apparent nephew raises questions about how much longer Fiat will be family-run.

7. *Ifi Istituto Finanziario Industriale S.p.A. (6)
Agnelli/Turin, Italy
Industry: Diversified holdings
Revenues: $59.239 billion
Employees: 198,764
www.gruppoifi.com
Agnelli family’s holding company owns 20% of Fiat, 50% of Finanziaria di Partecipazioni (Ifil), which in turn owns another 12% of Fiat. Also sports, retail, publishing, insurance, sugar and other businesses.

8. *PSA Peugeot Citroën S.A. (9)
Peugeot/Paris, France
Industry: Tires
Revenues: $57.054 billion
Employees: 198,600
www.psa-peugeot-citroen.com
France’s largest auto seller, also Europe’s No. 2 (behind Volkswagen), now expanding into China, Iran, Brazil. Other products include industrial machinery, scooters, light-armored vehicles. Peugeot family holds 42% of voting stock.

9. Cargill Inc. (8)
Cargill, MacMillan/Minneapolis
Industry: International commodities trader
Founded: 1865
Revenues: $50.8 billion
Employees: 97,000
www.cargill.com
World’s largest privately held company buys and sells grain, poultry, beef, steel, seeds, salt and other commodities on six continents. Founder William Cargill and brothers provided grain elevators to store wheat after Civil War. His Cargill and MacMillan descendants, now in fourth and fifth generations, have run firm ever since (with occasional non-family CEOs) from 63-room French-style country mansion. Created one of first management training programs, 1930s. Whitney MacMillan retired 1995 after 18 years as CEO. Family members own about 85%, key employees the rest.

10. *BMW (Bayerische Motoren Werke AG) (11)
Quandt /Munich, Germany
Industry: Automobiles
Revenues: $44.315 billion
Employees: 101,395
www.bmw.com
One of Europe’s top auto exporters. BMW cars account for 60% of company’s sales. Other products: motorcycles, software. Reclusive family of widowed heiress Johanna Quandt of Bad Homburg controls 47% of stock; family periodically rumored to be selling its stake.

11. *Hyundai Motor (25)
Chung/Seoul, South Korea
Industry: Automobiles
Revenues: $40.111 billion
Employees: 49,855
www.hyundai.net
Parent Hyundai (means “the present time”) Group broken into five groups by Korean government to diminish influence of founding Chung family. Hyundai Motor considers itself independent. Founder Chung Ju-Yung died in 2001.

12. Koch Industries (10)
Koch/Wichita, Kan.
Industry: Oil, gas, agriculture etc.
Founded: 1918
Revenues: $40 billion
Employees: 11,000
www.kochind.com
Founder Fred Koch’s vast empire of oil and gas services, cattle ranches, coal mines, real estate ventures and manufacturing facilities. In 1983 dissident sons Frederick and William, now 68 and 63, filed suit contesting $1.1 billion price that Charles, now 67, and David (William’s twin) paid for their brothers’ share. The dissidents lost after 13 years; Charles and David control company. William filed a lawsuit accusing Koch Industries of stealing oil from federal and American Indian lands and received some $4 million in whistleblower fees. In 2001, William, Charles and David brokered a settlement, which did not include Frederick, and agreed not to sue each other again.

13. Robert Bosch GmbH (13)
Bosch/Gerlingen-Schillerhöhe, Germany
Industry: Auto parts
Revenues: $36.659 billion
Employees: 224,341
www.bosch.com
One of world’s biggest makers of auto components. Also makes industrial machinery, hand tools, appliances. Bosch Foundation owns 92% of company; Bosch family owns remaining 8%.

14. *SCH (Banco Santander Central Hispano S.A.) (12)
Botin/Madrid, Spain
Industry: Banking
Founded: 1857
Revenues: $32.524 billion
Employees: 114,927
www.bsch.es
CEO Emilio Botin inherited small regional bank from his father, built it into Spain’s largest banking group, with subsidiaries in Chile, Mexico, other European countries. His daughter Ana Patricia Botin, 41, named 2001 as chairwoman of its retail unit, Banesto. Botin family has managed bank since 1857.

15. ALDI Group (15)
Albrecht/Essen, Germany
Industry: Food retailing
Revenues: $30 billion
Employees:
www.aldi.com
ALDI (short for “Albrecht Discounts”) is Europe’s top private-label, deep-discount food retailer, with 6,100 stores worldwide, including 3,100 in Germany and some 670 in the U.S. Co-founders Theo and Karl Albrecht own the company; Theo’s sons Theo Jr. and Berthold run European division.

16. Auchan Group (19)
Mulliez/Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
Industry: Retailing
Revenues: $28.888 billion
Employees: 143,000
www.auchan.com
One of largest worldwide retailers, Auchan Group operates more than 300 Auchan hypermarkets (groceries, clothing, consumer electronics, etc.), also operates Atac supermarkets, Leroy Merlin home improvement chain, about 640 mini-marts; operations in Europe, Southeast Asia, U.S., Latin America. Some 350 members of highly secretive founding Mulliez family own 84% of Auchan; employees own the rest.

17. *Pinault-Printemps Redoute (16)
Pinault/Paris, France
Industry: Retailing, etc.
Revenues: $28.692 billion
Employees: 113,453
www.pprgroup.com
Company’s multifaceted operations include retail stores and catalogs (Printemps, Fnac, Conforama, Redoute) that offer apparel, leisure products and home furnishings. Also owns 67% stake in Italian luxury goods company Gucci Group and several perfume lines (including Yves Saint Laurent). François Pinault’s family investment firm, Artemis, owns 57%.

18. *Ito-Yokado (21)
Ito/Tokyo, Japan
Industry: Convenience stores
Revenues: $28.436 billion
Employees: 125,400
www.itoyokado.iyg.co.jp
Masatoshi Ito, now honorary chairman, introduced convenience stores to Japan in 1974. Company owns 73% of 7-Eleven chain, operates more than 9,700 7-Eleven stores in Japan and 5,800 in North America. Ito and family own 15% of Ito-Yokado.

19. Tengelmann Group (20)
Haub/Mulheim an der Ruhr, Germany
Industry: Retailing
Revenues: $28.227 billion
Employees: 183,396
www.tengelmann.de
CEO Erivan K. Haub and his family inherited 100% control of Germany’s fourth-largest retailer, whose 7,000 supermarkets, drug stores and superstores brought U.S.-style retailing to Germany. Company currently selling or closing hundreds of its poorly performing supermarkets. Also owns 54% of A&P supermarket chain in U.S.

20. *J Sainsbury (17)
Sainsbury/London, United Kingdom
Industry: Retail groceries
Revenues: $27.433 billion
Employees: 174,500
www.j-sainsbury.co.uk
U.K.’s third-largest food retailer operates struggling Sainsbury’s Supermarkets chain, with more than 500 stores in U.K. (which account for about 83% of sales). Sainsbury also runs about 185 Shaw’s Supermarkets and Star Markets in New England, plus Sainsbury’s Bank. David Sainsbury, 63, and family inherited 38% of stock on death of David’s father, Sir Robert Sainsbury, in 1999. David left management 1998.

21. *Motorola (14)
Galvin/Schaumburg, Ill.
Industry: Telecommunications
Founded: 1928
Revenues: $26.679 billion
Employees: 97,000
www.motorola.com
Founder Paul Galvin (1895-1959) produced first practical radio for automobiles and ran company as one-man show until his death. Son Bob Galvin, CEO 1959-90, moved company from TV sets into high-tech commercial and industrial electronics. His son Christopher, 51, took charge 1997, retired 2003 amid difference in opinion with board over strategy.

22. *Viacom (18)
Redstone/New York
Industry: Media and entertainment
Founded: 1954
Revenues: $24.606 billion
Employees: 120,630
www.viacom.com
One of world’s largest media companies: movies, TV (39 stations), radio (185 stations), Internet. Owns BET (Black Entertainment Television), CBS, Paramount Pictures, United Paramount Network (UPN), MTV Networks (MTV, VH1, Nickelodeon), Showtime Networks and Comedy Central (50%), also 39 TV stations, publisher Simon & Schuster, and 81% of Blockbuster (the #1 video rental chain). Michael Redstone started with drive-in movie theater 1954. His son, current chairman and CEO Sumner Redstone, 80, controls 68% of firm; daughter Shari, 49, heads National Amusements theater chain that was nucleus of original company.

23. *Novartis Group (23)
Landolt/Basel, Switzerland
Industry: Health and personal care
Revenues: $23.453 billion
Employees: 71,116
www.novartis.com
One of world’s top five pharmaceutical firms (Merck is #1). Pierre Landolt and family, heirs to Sandoz pharmaceutical fortune, own about 4%.

24. *Tyson Foods (50)
Tyson/Springdale, Ark.
Industry: Food processor
Founded: 1935
Revenues: $23.367 billion
Employees: 120,000
www.tysonfoodsinc.com
Founder John W. Tyson sold chickens and feed to Arkansas farmers, got into processing and distribution after discovering he could fetch higher prices up North. Today, company is nation’s leading chicken supplier, with 28% of poultry market; also world’s largest meat processing firm since purchase of IBP Fresh Meats. Son Donald, now 73, dropped out of college in senior year to enter business (1952) and was joined at helm by half-brother Randal (d. 1986) after his father died in train accident (1967). Donald retired as chairman 1995 and remains senior chairman. His son John H., 49, is now chairman and controls 80% of company’s voting power.

25. *Bouygues (24)
Bouygues/St. Quentin-en-Yvelines, France
Industry: Retailing
Revenues: $23.317 billion
Employees: 121,604
www.bouygues.fr
One of Europe’s largest construction groups also runs more than 40 subsidiaries and affiliates in 80 countries. Chairman Martin Bouygues (pronounced “bweeg”) and brother Olivier indirectly control about 22% of firm.

26. *Roche Group (NR)
Oeri/Hoffmann/Basel, Switzerland
Industry: Pharmaceuticals
Revenues: $21.422 billion
Employees: 69,659
www.roche.com
Company operates three segments: pharmaceuticals (Hoffmann-LaRoche), diagnostics and consumer health. Descendents of founding Hoffmann and Oeri families vote slightly more than 50%, although they own less than 10% of capital.

27. Bertelsmann (63)
Mohn/Gütersloh, Germany
Industry: Publishing, media
Revenues: $19.193 billion
Employees: 80,632
www.bertelsmann.de
One of world’s largest media conglomerates, with interests in 600 companies in 60 countries. Properties include Random House (publishing), BMG Entertainment (music), Gruner + Jahr (magazines), and European broadcaster RTL Group. Carl Bertelsmann founded small religious book publisher 1835; his descendant Reinhard Mohn, now 82, built global empire after World War II. Mohn family owns 20% of company, but until 2000 Reinhard held the sole “golden” voting share. He transferred voting control to a company controlled jointly by Bertelsmann executives and Mohn family members.

28. *Weyerhaeuser Co. (30)
Weyerhaeuser/Tacoma, Wash.
Industry: Timber products
Founded: 1900
Revenues: $18.521 billion
Employees: 57,000
www.weyerhaeuser.com
One of largest U.S. forest products companies even before acquisition of Williamette Industries. Timber baron Frederick Weyerhaeuser and brother formed Weyerhaeuser Co. 1900; giant paper firm still family-run in fourth generation.

29. *Loew’s (22)
Tisch/New York
Industry: Tobacco, hotels, etc.
Founded: 1919
Revenues: $17.495 billion
Employees: 25,800
www.loews.com
Entrepreneurial brothers Laurence and Preston (Bob) Tisch, now 80 and 77, started in real estate, gained control of Loew’s Theatres 1959; diversified into cigarettes, insurance, oil, hotels, media (CBS). Tisches own more than 30% of stock. Next generation very active: Larry’s son James, 50, took over as Loew’s CEO 1999; his brother Andrew, 53, and Bob’s son Jonathan, 49, are co-presidents.

30. *News Corp. (27)
Murdoch/Adelaide, Australia
Industry: Media
Founded: 1923
Revenues: $17.474 billion
Employees: 35,000
www.newscorp.com
Respected journalist Sir Keith Murdoch built Australia’s largest newspaper company, passed it to son Rupert Murdoch at death, 1952. He built less-respected but huge global media/entertainment empire (world’s fourth largest, behind Time Warner, Viacom and Disney). Holdings today include TV (Fox Broadcasting), movies (20th Century Fox), scores of newspapers (London Times, New York Post, etc.), books (HarperCollins), magazines (Weekly Standard) and sports team (Los Angeles Dodgers). Murdoch family owns about 30% of stock, 40% of voting stock. Rupert, 72, still in charge; son Lachlan, 32, deputy COO, named publisher of New York Post and presumed successor. Son James, 30, is chief executive of BSkyB, Britain’s leading pay-TV company, which is 35% owned by News Corp.

31. *Karstadt Quelle (33)
Schickedanz, Riedel, Herl/Essen,Germany
Industry: Retailing
Revenues: $16.575 billion
Employees: 104,536
www.karstadtquelle.com
Schickedanz family merged its mail order company, Quelle, with the retail chain Karstadt, making it one of largest companies in Europe. Best known for about 190 Karstadt and Hertie department stores but also runs about 295 specialty stores. Schickedanz-Holding, owned by Riedel and Herl family branches, once owned all of Quelle and now has a 36% stake in Karstadt Quelle.

32. *Michelin (31)
Michelin/Clermont-Ferrand, France
Industry: Tires, travel
Revenues: $16.398 billion
Employees: 126,285
www.michelin.com
World’s #2 tire maker (behind Goodyear) also makes 36,000 other products, including well-known road maps and travel guides. Has 80 factories in 18 countries. Controlled and run by François Michelin, his son, Edouard, and their partner René Zingraff.

33. Publix Super Markets (29)
Jenkins/Lakeland, Fla.
Industry: Supermarkets
Founded: 1930
Revenues: $16.027 billion
Employees: 123,000
www.publix.com
Founder George Washington Jenkins (d. 1996) hitchhiked from Georgia to Florida to seek fortune in real estate, got job instead at Piggly Wiggly, worked his way up to manager. After snub from owner, opened competing store next door. Chain now operates more than 740 stores in four states. Son Howard, 50, is chairman; Charlie Jenkins Jr., 59, is CEO. Stock offered to employees since 1930; they now own about 27%.

34. *Bombardier (35)
Bombardier/Montreal, Canada
Industry: Aerospace, defense
Revenues: $15.482 billion
Employees: 70,411
www.bombardier.com
Powerhouse of aerospace and rail transportation makes business aircraft (Challenger, Learjet), rail cars (for Long Island Rail Road, others), much more. Bombardier family owns more than 50%; took recreational-products business private in August 2003.

35. Mars (26)
Mars/McLean, Va.
Industry: Candy, rice, pet food
Founded: 1923
Revenues: $15 billion
Employees: 30,000
www.mars.com
Candy-making Minnesotans Frank and Ethel Mars invented the Milky Way. Their secretive, driven son Forrest Mars, supposed model for Willy Wonka, feuded with his father, started his own candy company in England, then merged with late father’s business 1964. Now #2 U.S. candy maker (behind Hershey). Since 1973, run by Forrest’s three children, CEO John, 71, Forrest Jr., and Jacqueline, 63. Forrest died 1999 at age 95.

36. *L’Oréal (40)
Bettencourt/Clichy, France
Industry: Cosmetics
Revenues: $14.975 billion
Employees: 50,491
www.loreal.com
World’s largest beauty products company; brands include L’Oréal, Maybelline, Lancôme, Soft Sheen. Indirectly controlled by founder’s daughter Liliane Bettencourt and her family; Nestlé also owns a large, indirect stake.

37. *Lagardère (41)
Lagardère/Paris, France
Industry: Defense systems, magazines
Revenues: $14.474 billion
Employees: 45,826
www.lagardere.fr
Company publishes more than 200 magazines and newspapers in 33 countries, including Elle and Car and Driver. Also owns about 15% of European Aeronautic Defence and Space Co., world’s #3 aerospace and defense firm. CEO Arnaud Lagardère, 42, and family control the company.

38. *Gap (34)
Fisher/San Francisco
Industry: Apparel stores
Founded: 1969
Revenues: $14.455 billion
Employees: 169,000
www.gap.com
Donald and Doris Fisher, now 75 and 71, opened their first jeans store in 1969, just in time for jeans craze of 1970s. With addition of Banana Republic (1983) and Old Navy (1994), chain now has more than 4,250 stores. Fishers still own about 20%; Donald remains chairman. Sons Robert and William left in 1998 and 1999, but Bob remains on board of directors.

39. *LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton (47)
Arnault/Paris, France
Industry: Luxury goods
Revenues: $14.304 billion
Employees: 56,591
www.lvmh.com
Through multiple acquisitions, company’s luxury brands include Dom Perignon, Hennessy, Christian Dior, Givenchy, Louis Vuitton, also watches, jewelry, retail shops. Chairman Bernard Arnault and his family own 48% through family holding company, Europatweb.

40. *Groupe Danone (37)
Riboud/Paris, France
Industry: Food products
Revenues: $14.237 billion
Employees: 92,209
www.danonegroup.com
One of world’s largest food producers; #1 in dairy products (Dannon yogurt, cheese, dairy desserts) and biscuits (cookies, crackers, and snacks). Chairman Franck Riboud took over from his father, Antoine Riboud, 1996.

41. *General Dynamics (39)
Crown/Falls Church, Va.
Industry: Aerospace and defense
Founded: 1962
Revenues: $13.829 billion
Employees: 54,000
www.gendyn.com
Peppery Chicago dealmaker Henry Crown (1896-1990) built family’s Material Services Corp. into world’s largest building supply firm, sold it to General Dynamics 1960 and became GD’s largest shareholder. After feuding with GD’s board, Crown sold his stock, then bought back controlling interest and installed himself and his quietly competent son Lester as directors. Lester, now 78, and his son James, 49, remain on GD’s board by virtue of their 16.5 million shares.

42. *Anheuser-Busch Cos. (36)
Busch/St. Louis
Industry: Beer
Founded: 1860
Revenues: $13.566 billion
Employees: 23,176
www.anheuser-busch.com
Eberhard Anheuser took over struggling St. Louis brewery 1860. Bavarian immigrant Adolphus Busch married Eberhard’s daughter Lilly 1861, joined brewery 1864 and made it successful. His grandson August Jr. (d. 1989), president from 1946, began Budweiser’s “King of Beers” ad campaign, making it nation’s biggest brewer (currently nearly 50% of U.S. beer market). August III, now 65, unseated his father 1975. Presumed heir August IV, 38, now VP/marketing. Family still controls 6% of stock.

43. *Cathay Life Insurance (45)
Tsai/Taipei, Taiwan
Industry: Insurance
Revenues: $13.022 billion
Employees: 30,000
www.cathlife.com.tw
Former fruit vendor Tsai Wan-Lin, now 76, built Taiwan’s largest insurance/construction conglomerate, now expanding into China, Singapore, Japan. Whole family is active in the business. Tsai Hong-Tu is current chairman.


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