Чөлөөт нэвтэрхий толь Википедиагаас

[засварлах | edit source]

Чөлөөт нэвтэрхий толь — Википедиагаас

«Люксембург» үгээр энд холбогдлоо. Өөр зүйлийн хуудсыг «Люксембург (салаа утга)»-аас олж болно.

Люксембургийн Их Бэйст Улс Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg (люк.) Grand-Duché de Luxembourg (фр.) Großherzogtum Luxemburg (герм.)
Төрийн далбаа Төрийн сүлд
Уриа: люк. "Mir wëlle bleiwe wat mir sinn" «Бид байгаагаараа үлдэхийг хүсч байна»
Төрийн дууллын нэр: люк. "Ons Heemecht" «Төрөлх нутаг минь»
Нийслэл  (их хот)		Люксембург
Албан хэл		Люксембург (1984 оноос хууль ёсоор), Франц, Герман
Төр засаг		Үндсэн хуульт хаант засаг
-	Их бэйс	Анри (Хенри)
-	Ерөнхий сайд	Жан Клод Юнкер
Тусгаар тогтнол
-	Францаас	1815 оны 6 сарын 9
Нутаг дэвсгэр
-	Бүх талбай	2,586.4 км2 (175)
-	Гадаргын ус (%)	0.6
Хүн ам
-	Тооцоо (2011)	511,840[1]
-	Тооллого (2001)	439,539 (170)
-	Нягт сийрэг	194.1 хүн/км2
ДНБ (ХАЧТ)		2011 оны тооцоо
-	Нийт дүн	$42.796 тэрбум[2] (94)
-	Нэг хүнд	$83,438[2] (2)
ДНБ (Нэрлэсэн)		2011 оны тооцоо
-	Нийт дүн	$61.580 тэрбум[2] (69)
-	Нэг хүнд	$120,560[2] (1)
ХХИ (2011)		▲ 0.867[3] (маш сайн) (25)
Мөнгөний нэгж		Евро (EUR)
Цагийн бүс		+1
Замын хөдөлгөөн		баруун
Домэйн нэр		.lu1
Утасны томьёо		+352
1Европын холбооны гишүүн тул .eu бас хэрэглэгдэнэ.

  [нуух] 

• 
  1 Түүх
  
• 
  2 Улс төр
  
• 
  3 Засаг захиргааны хуваарь
  
• 
  4 Эшлэл
  
• 
  5 Гадаад холбоосууд
  

Карл IV

Люксембургийн хуваагдал

Улс төр[засварлах | edit source]

Засаг захиргааны хуваарь[засварлах | edit source]

Засаг захиргааны хувьд 3 дүүрэгт хуваагддаг.

1. 
   Дикерих дүүрэг
   
2. 
   Гревенмахер дүүрэг
   
3. 
   Люксембург дүүрэг
   

Luxembourg

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the country. For other uses, see Luxembourg (disambiguation).

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg  (Luxembourgish) Großherzogtum Luxemburg  (German) Grand-Duché de Luxembourg  (French)
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "Mir wëlle bleiwe wat mir sinn" (Luxembourgish) "We want to remain what we are"
Anthem: Ons Heemecht Our Homeland MENU 0:00 Royal anthem: De Wilhelmus a
Location of  Luxembourg  (dark green) – in Europe  (green & dark grey) – in the European Union  (green)  –  [Legend]
Capital and largest city		Luxembourg 49°36′N 6°7′E
Official languages		French German Luxembourgish
Demonym		Luxembourger
Government		Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
-	Monarch (list)	Henri
-	Prime Minister (list)	Xavier Bettel
Legislature		Chamber of Deputies
Independence
-	from French Empire (Treaty of Paris)	9 June 1815
-	1st Treaty of London	19 April 1839
-	2nd Treaty of London	11 May 1867
-	End of personal union	23 November 1890
-	Founded the EEC(now the European Union)	1 January 1958
Area
-	Total	2,586.4 km2 (179th) 998 sq mi
-	Water (%)	0.60%
Population
-	2014 estimate	549,680[1] (170th)
-	2001 census	439,539
-	Density	194.1/km2 (60th) 501.3/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2015 estimate
-	Total	$53.174 billion[2] (94th)
-	Per capita	$93,174[2] (2nd)
GDP (nominal)		2015 estimate
-	Total	$54.9 billion[2] (71st)
-	Per capita	$96,267[2] (1st)
Gini (2011)		27.2[3] low · 6th
HDI (2013)		0.881[4] very high · 21st
Currency		Euro (€)b (EUR)
Time zone		CET (UTC+1)
-	Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Drives on the		right
Calling code		+352
ISO 3166 code		LU
Internet TLD		.luc
a.	Not the same as the Het Wilhelmus of the Netherlands.
b.	Before 1999, Luxembourgish franc.
c.	The .eu domain is also used, as it is shared with otherEuropean Union member states.
d.	^ "CIA – The World Factbook – Field Listing – Distribution of family income – Gini index". United States government. Retrieved 3 May 2013.

Luxembourg (ⁱ/ˈlʌksəmbɜrɡ/), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (Luxembourgish: Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg,^[5]French: Grand-Duché de Luxembourg,^[6] German: Großherzogtum Luxemburg^[7]), is a landlocked country in Western Europe. It is bordered by Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, andFrance to the south. It comprises two principal regions: the Oesling in the north as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland ("good country") in the south.^[8] Luxembourg had a population of 524,853 in October 2012^[9] and has an area of 2,586 square kilometres (998 sq mi), making it one of the smallest sovereign nations in Europe.^[10]

As a representative democracy with a constitutional monarch, it is headed by a grand duke, Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, and is the world's only remaining grand duchy. Luxembourg is a developed country, with an advanced economy and the world's second highestGDP (PPP) per capita, according to the World Bank. Its central location has historically made it of great strategic importance to numerous powers, dating back to its founding as a Roman fortress, its hosting of a vital Frankish castle during the Early Middle Ages, and its role as a bastion for the Spanish Road between 16th and 17th centuries.

Luxembourg is a founding member of the European Union, NATO,OECD, the United Nations, and Benelux, reflecting its political consensus in favour of economic, political, and military integration. The city of Luxembourg, which is the capital and largest city, is the seat of several institutions and agencies of the EU. On 18 October 2012, Luxembourg was elected to a temporary seat on the United Nations Security Council for the first time in its history. The country served on the Security Council from 1 January 2013 until 31 December 2014.^[11]Reflecting its geographic position, Luxembourg's culture is a fusion ofRomanic and Germanic Europe, integrating customs of each. Accordingly, Luxembourg is a trilingual country: Luxembourgish, Frenchand German are official languages. Although a secular state, Luxembourg is predominantly Roman Catholic.

History[edit]

The recorded history of Luxembourg begins with the acquisition of Lucilinburhuc^[12] (today Luxembourg Castle) situated on the Bock rock by Siegfried, Count of Ardennes, in 963 through an exchange act withSt. Maximin's Abbey, Trier.^[13] Around this fort, a town gradually developed, which became the centre of a state of great strategic value. In the 14th and early 15th centuries, three members of the House of Luxembourg reigned as Holy Roman Emperors. In 1437, the House of Luxembourg suffered a succession crisis, precipitated by the lack of a male heir to assume the throne, which led to the territories being sold by Duchess Elisabeth to Philip the Good of Burgundy.^[14]

In the following centuries, Luxembourg's fortress was steadily enlarged and strengthened by its successive occupants, theBourbons, Habsburgs, Hohenzollerns and the French.