Demonstrate knowledge of principles of electricity generation prime movers

prime energy source – storage, flows, rules and regulations;

fossil fuelled boiler and steam turbine – water tube boiler, main steam valve, high, intermediate and low pressure turbines, impulse and reaction blading, condenser, condenser cooling;

geothermal field and turbine – geothermal water and steam mix, water separation, steam pipe lines, inlet valve, intermediate and low pressure turbines, reaction blading, condenser, condenser cooling;

binary fluid turbine – geothermal fluid heat source, evaporation of secondary fluid, turbine, compressor, condenser, condenser cooling;

gas turbine – air compressor, fuel combustion chambers, exhaust turbine, exhaust gas disposal, generator turbine;

combined cycle plant – gas turbine, exhaust gas heat exchanger, steam turbine;

wind turbine – wind kinetic energy, horizontal and vertical axis types, blades, reaction blading, gearbox, generator, nacelle yawing (for horizontal axis);

internal combustion engine – pistons and cylinders, two and four stroke cycles, gas, petrol and diesel fuels, ignition, lubrication, cooling, reciprocating to rotary motion.
Element 3
Demonstrate knowledge of the types and detailed principles of operation of prime movers.
Range any three of – water turbines, fossil fuelled boiler and steam turbine, geothermal and steam turbine, binary fluid turbine, gas turbine, combined cycle plant, wind turbine, internal combustion engine.
Performance criteria
3.1 The types and detailed principles of operation of one of the following prime movers are outlined in terms of industry requirements.
Range may include but is not limited to – water turbine – headgates, penstocks, change from potential to kinetic energy, Pelton, Francis, Kaplan, propellor, bulb, turbines, scroll case, inlet valves, bypass valves, spear valves, wicket gates, swing ring, governor, speed control, relief valves, draught tube, turbine efficiency, cavitation;

fossil fuelled boiler and steam turbine – water tube, fire tube, economisers, superheaters, reheaters, boiler feed pumps, enthalpy, impulse and reaction blading, high pressure, intermediate pressure and low pressure turbines, casings, inlet valves, governors, safety valves, blow-off valves, condensers, cooling water pumps, cooling towers, turbine efficiency;

geothermal field and steam turbine – bores, geothermal water-steam fluid, centrifuges, drains, thermally insulated steam pipes, expansion joints, main valve, intermediate and low pressure turbines, inlet valves, governor, safety valves, condenser, cooling water pumps, cooling towers, heat exchangers, reinjection of condensate, turbine efficiency;

binary fluid turbine – geothermal fluid, heat exchanger, secondary fluid, fluid evaporation, reaction turbine, cooler, compressor, cooler, fluid condensation, geothermal fluid reinjection;

gas turbine – compressors, injectors, combustion chambers, exhaust turbine, exhaust ducts, silencers, cooling, generator turbine, turbine efficiency;

combined cycle plant – gas turbine, exhaust gas heat exchanger, steam turbine;

wind turbine – horizontal axis, vertical axis, diffuser augmented, blades, gearbox, brake, slip coupling, induction generator, synchronous generator, blade number, efficiency of wind energy extraction, stall, active stall and pitch control of power, apparent wind, blade lift and drag, wind shear, blade torque and power, feathering and stalling, fixed, variable and partial variable speed, speed control, wind gusting, power spike control, kinetic energy storage, fixed and teetering hub, rated wind speed, wind speed operating window, wind shear, anemometer, survival wind speed, wind vane, yawing, towers, foundations;

internal combustion engine – four stroke, two stroke, pistons and cylinders, inlet and exhaust valves, cam shaft, petrol, diesel, and gas fuelled, burning rate, ignition timing, pre-ignition, fuel pumps, carburettor, distributor, magneto, spark ignition, injector, compression ignition, exhaust arrangements, cooling equipment, lubrication, gearbox, governor, engine efficiency.